Abstract: Improved production of ascorbic acid is obtained empolying Chlorella as a microorganism source and growing the culture under a controlled pattern of carbon source supply. Greatly improved ratios of ascorbic acid to total carbon supplied as well as enhanced ascorbic acid concentrations in the fermentor are obtained.C. pyrenoidosa UV101-158 was deposited at the A.T.C.C. on June 27, 1985 and given Accession No. 53170.

Abstract: A somaclonal variant of Gracilaria verrucosa, labeled G-16S, capable of asexual reproduction, has been created which, compared to its parental strain G-16, is less epiphytized, is appreciably less pigmented, and produces agar with substantially enhanced gel strength. This superior algal strain may be used to reduce the relative cost of seaweed cultivation and to produce improved quality agar.

Abstract: A novel B.t. toxin gene encoding a protein toxic to coleopteran insects has been cloned from a novel coleopteran-active B. thuringiensis microbe. The DNA encoding the B.t. toxin can be used to transform various prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes to express the B.t. toxin. These recombinant microbes can be used to control coleopteran insects in various environments.

Abstract: In a processing for treating waste containing effluent water from a food processing plant, the effluent water is contacted with a flocculant comprising a crude algal composition or a crude alkali processed algal composition obtained from algae selected from the classes Rhodophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Phaeophyceae, at an acidic pH. A floc, which contains substantially all of the solid waste components of the effluent water, is formed as a result of the treatment process, and can be recovered for use in animal feedstocks or as other products such as fertilizers, or safely disposed of an in landfill operations. The clarified effluent water is sufficiently waste free that it can be forwarded to a secondary treatment facility or back into the food processing plant for reuse in certain plant operations.

Abstract: An undifferentiated symbiotic combination of lichen flora induced from a tissue of lichen flora and having a capability of producing any lichenous substance.

Abstract: J-1 which is a strain of cyanobacteria is used to form and excrete a material useful as a floculating agent and as an additive useful in soil conditioning. Method of separating and culturing the cyanobacteria under conditions necessary to achieve maximum formation and excretion of the material into solution. Method of purifying and separating excreted as well as intracellular material from cyanobacterial. Method of clarifying a particulate-laden liquid with a material excreted by cyanobacteria, and particularly species J-1. Extracellular polymeric material which is water-soluble, non-dialyzable, having a molecular weight greater than 100,000, based on Sephadex column elution G 150, containing sugar, peptide, and fatty acid moieties, giving a positive Anthrone test, having an absorption peak of 205 nm. using a Perkin-Elmer spectrophotometer Model 402.

Abstract: Rapid identification of different species of microorganism selected from fungi and yeast like algae is accomplished by culturing the microorganism for several hours under normal conditions on a non-inhibitory mycological medium which stimulates the microorganism to make characteristic enzymes by which the microorganism can be identified, distributing the culture (in suspension) onto several supports containing different substrates which are capable of reacting with the enzymes so produced by the different species of microorganisms; and rapidly incubating the admixture to produce a distinctly colored or colorable reaction product.

Abstract: A method of extracting carotenoid, tetrapyrrole and porphyrin from vegetable sources of such pigments, especially algae, as described. The method entails production of water soluble and oil soluble extracts and includes an extractive procedure for rendering carotenoids water soluble. The pigment extracts can be used as nutritional or medicinal compositions.

Abstract: An ingredient for activating immunity more effective than that obtained from limnetic chlorella is provided, which ingredient comprises polysaccharide contained in marine chlorella as an active ingredient, and which is obtained by dissolving an extract of a marine chlorella with hot water in an alcohol, removing an alcohol-soluble matter from the extract and further removing a low molecular weight substance from the resulting extract by means of gel-filtration or the like.

Abstract: Microbiol compositions for uniform application to dry soil to provide a cover crop and to improve soil aggregation are disclosed. The compositions comprise flocculant-producing photosynthetic microorganisms, especially algae, in a dormant or resting stage mixed with a dry, particulate, water dispersible carrier. Methods for the production and use of the compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: J-1 which is a strain of cyanobacteria is used to form and excrete a material useful as a floculating agent and as an additive useful in soil conditioning.Method of separating and culturing the cyanobacteria under conditions necessary to achieve maximum formation and excretion of the material into solution.Method of purifying and separating excreted as well as intracellular material from cyanobacteria.Method of clarifying a particulate-laden liquid with a material excreted by cyanobacteria, and particularly species J-1.Extracellular polymeric material which is water-soluble, non-dialyzable, having a molecular weight greater than 100,000 based on Sephadex column elution G 150, containing sugar, peptide, and fatty acid moieties, giving a positive Anthrone test, having an absorption peak of 205 nm. using a Perkin-Elmer spectrophotometer Model 402.

Abstract: A carcinostatic agent having an immunopotentiating carcinostatic effect which contains as an active ingredient Eisenin (tripeptide) of the general formula:L-Pyroglu-L-Glu-L-Alawherein Pyroglu, Glu and Ala represent pyroglutamic acid, glutamic acid and alanine respectively.

Abstract: An undifferentiated symbiotic combination of alga and fungus cells, obtained directly from a lichen explant, are cultured in a media under appropriate conditions to produce aromatic lichenous substances and these substances are recovered.

Abstract: A new acidic polysaccharide is isolated from a culture of cells of the algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The process for producing this polysaccharide is also disclosed. This substance exhibits antitumor activity and antiviral activity and induces the production of interferon.

Abstract: Hydrogen is biologically, effectively produced by an alga in an alternating light/dark cycle which comprises alternating a step for cultivating the alga in water under aerobic conditions in the presence of light to accumulate photosynthetic products in the alga and a step for cultivating the alga in water under microaerobic conditions in the dark to decompose accumulated material by photosynthesis to evolve hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for the consolidation of mineral slimes resulting from the beneficiation of ores comprising the steps of mixing the slimes with a microorganism species or a mixture thereof or ruptured or dried cells thereof, or a fermentation beer on which the organism was grown wherein the organism is selected from the group of cyanobacteria and allowing the mixture to separate into a clear upper layer and a consolidated slimes lower layer.

Abstract: Efficiency of process for producing H.sub.2 by subjecting algae in an aqueous phase to light irradiation is increased by culturing algae which has been bleached during a first period of irradiation in a culture medium in an aerobic atmosphere until it has regained color and then subjecting this algae to a second period of irradiation wherein hydrogen is produced at an enhanced rate.

Abstract: In a plant tissue and cell cultivation, a method for facilitating both cell multiplication and differentiation is attained by conducting the cultivation in a culture medium containing an extract of micro algae such as Chlorella, Scenedesmus and Spirulina.

Abstract: A process for producing L-proline in the absence of light by cultivating Chlorella sp. 580 algae in an aqueous growth medium containing a high concentration of sodium chloride of up to 1M in the final stage of cultivation and providing an adequate supply of carbon in the form of acetate ion, until algae of high L-proline content are obtained, harvesting the algae and thereafter recovering L-proline from the algae.

Abstract: A process for recovering L-proline from Chlorella sp. 580 algae without disrupting the L-proline synthesizing capability of the algae thereby permitting reuse of the proline depleted cells to produce additional amounts of L-proline. The process comprises cultivating Chlorella sp. 580 algae under high-intensity illumination in an aqueous growth medium containing a high concentration of sodium chloride (at least 1 M in the final stage of cultivation), providing an adequate supply of carbon, in a depth not exceeding approximately 20 cm of the aqueous medium, until algae of high L-proline content are obtained, harvesting the algae and thereafter diluting the harvested algae with water to a concentration below at least 0.

Abstract: A process for producing L-proline by cultivating Chlorella sp. 580 algae under high-intensity illumination in an aqueous growth medium containing a high concentration of sodium chloride (at least 1 M in the final stage of cultivation), providing an adequate supply of carbon, in a depth not exceeding approximately 20 cm of the aqueous medium, until algae of high L-proline content are obtained, harvesting the algae and thereafter recovering L-proline from the algae.

Abstract: Process for extracting dyestuffs and particularly a blue pigment, called phycocyanine, from cyanophyceae algae, particularly of the Spirulina species, comprising contacting said algae with a first aqueous phase containing calcium ions, separating therefrom the mass of algae and contacting it with a second aqueous phase of alkaline character, separating the algae therefrom and extracting phycocyanine from said second aqueous phase by subjecting the same to an ultrafiltration step for concentrating the solution and then to a drying step.