Abstract: A low energy production method for producing pure and highly concentrated carbon dioxide from a renewable lignocellulosic biomass feedstock comprising the steps of i) extracting lignins and hemicelluloses by putting a solid lignocellulosic raw material in the presence of a mixture of at least water and formic acid, at atmospheric pressure under conditions of temperature between 80° C. and 110° C., ii) fractionating, the primary solid fraction and the primary liquid fraction obtained at the end of the extraction step i), iii) separating the lignins from the intermediate liquid fraction, iv) producing a synthetic gas by feeding a gasification equipment with at least part of said primary solid fraction and/or at least part of said residual liquid fraction, and v) producing carbon dioxide and water by introducing dioxygen, or dioxygen enriched air, or air in said gasification equipment.

Abstract: Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity, hydrophobic cellulose. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and depositing lignin onto cellulose fibers to produce lignin-coated cellulose materials (such as dissolving pulp). The crystallinity of the cellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the hydrophobic cellulose to form completely renewable composites.

Abstract: Recombinant expression of influenza virus surface proteins in the fungus Myceliophthora thermophila strain C1 is provided. The recombinant proteins are for use in influenza vaccine compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to materials and methods for the production of ethanol. More particularly, the present invention provides genetically modified strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae having enhanced tolerance for ionic liquid (IL) toxicity. Also provided are methods of using such genetically engineered yeast strains for improved IL-mediated hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for industrial-scale production of various fuels, chemical feedstocks, and synthetic polymers.

Abstract: The application relates to an enzyme composition, a process for the preparation thereof and the use of the enzyme composition in enzymatic hydrolysis.

Abstract: A method for promoting enzymolysis of lignocellulose by using a pH-responsive lignin amphoteric surfactant and recovery of a cellulase. The method includes: adding lignocellulose to a buffer solution, and then adding a pH-responsive lignin amphoteric surfactant and a cellulase; controlling the pH of the mixed solution to be 4.0-6.2, heating the solution to a temperature of 40° C. to 60° C. and reacting at said temperature for 24-96 h to obtain a saccharified hydrolyzate of lignocellulose; and obtaining an enzymolysed liquid by solid-liquid separation, and then adjusting the pH of the enzymolysed liquid to precipitate the pH-responsive lignin amphoteric surfactant and the cellulase for recycling. The method can effectively improve the enzymolysis efficiency of lignocellulose, recover a certain amount of cellulase, and expand the applications of industrial lignin. The method does not require additional equipment, and is simple to operate and environmentally friendly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing dietary fiber that has a mild sweet taste by reducing sugars and provides by-products having high added values, and dietary fiber produced by the method. The dietary fiber may be produced by including: liquefying roasted dextrin; and adding enzymes including ?-amylase, ?-amylase, and maltogenic amylase to the liquefied roasted dextrin, and saccharifying the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an isolated polypeptide having xylanase activity. Also disclosed are isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptide, recombinant host cells expressing the polypeptide, and methods for degrading lignocellulosic biomass using the polypeptide. He invention finds utility in the production of biofuels, in the paper and pulp industry, in clothing or leather softening, in the food industry such as baking, etc.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the conversion of lignocellulose into an organic acid including an alkaline pretreatment step and a fermentation step, wherein liquid phase obtained in the fermentation step is recycled to the alkaline pretreatment step and/or the fermentation step. Organic acid is recovered as its magnesium of calcium salt from solid phase obtained in the fermentation step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel thermophilic and thermoresistant polyphosphate-dependent glucokinase having excellent stability, a composition comprising the same, and a method for producing glucose 6-phosphate using the same.

Abstract: A method of producing cellulase includes steps (1) to (3): (1) subjecting an aqueous solution of cellulase derived from filamentous fungi to filtration through an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cut off of 100,000 to 200,000 to obtain a filtrate and concurrently obtain a concentrated enzyme liquid as a retentate; (2) further subjecting the filtrate obtained in step (1) to filtration through a second ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cut off of 5,000 to 50,000 to obtain a second concentrated enzyme liquid as a retentate; and (3) mixing the concentrated enzyme liquid obtained in steps (1) and (2) to obtain cellulase derived from filamentous fungi.

Abstract: A hermetically sealed horizontal washing decanter centrifuge for enhanced drilling fluid recovery and drilled solids washing. A process and apparatus for liquid phase-solid phase separation of oil based drilling mud-containing drill cuttings is described including flowing the drilling mud-containing drill cuttings into a horizontal washing decanter wherein the stresses imposed within the decanter act as a wash as the diluent and oil based drilling mud move away from the drill cuttings. Diluent is added prior to flowing the drilling mud containing drill cutting to the hermetically sealed horizontal washing decanter centrifuge. The entire process is performed in a gas-tight environment preventing escape of diluent from the process into the external atmosphere and preventing introduction of gases into the process from the external atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved process of treating crop kernels to provide a starch product of high quality suitable for conversion of starch into mono- and oligosaccharides, ethanol, sweeteners. The present invention also provides polypeptides having GH10 xylanase activity, polypeptides having GH62 arabinofuranosidase activity and the uses thereof.

Abstract: A method of enzyme-based processing of plant-based materials includes steps of providing a bulk amount of a plant-based material having a substantial amount of the cell walls in a physically-intact condition; providing an enzyme broth having an enzyme capable of breaking down the cell walls in the physically-intact condition; combining the bulk amount of the plant-based material with the enzyme broth; allowing the enzyme capable of breaking down the cell walls in the physically-intact condition to break down at least a portion of the cell walls in the physically-intact condition to thereby produce intact oil bodies, hydrolyzed carbohydrates, and intact protein bodies; collecting a first product including the intact oil bodies; collecting a second product including the hydrolyzed carbohydrates; and collecting a third product including the intact protein bodies.

Abstract: Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity, hydrophobic cellulose. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and depositing lignin onto cellulose fibers to produce lignin-coated cellulose materials (such as dissolving pulp). The crystallinity of the cellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the hydrophobic cellulose to form completely renewable composites.

Abstract: The water treatment device is an AOP (advanced oxidization process) apparatus that provides effective sanitation of pool water. The device includes couplings that can adapt to fit various standard pool equipment. Inside the reaction chamber of the main body, there are a nozzle and a metal catalyst. The nozzle creates water jet impinging the metal catalyst, which subsequently creates bubbles. Being entrained in the water, the bubbles substantially collapse and create high temperature and pressure changes. These changes cause water to go through chemical dissociation, thus creating hydroxyl radicals, a highly reactive oxidizer. In a fast rate, the hydroxyls attach to and destroy organic contaminants in the water. The metal catalyst remains chemically unchanged. The apparatus has a long service life and substantially reduces the use of chemicals in a pool.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting cellulose to nanocellulose. The process comprises dissolving a cellulose feedstock in an inorganic molten salt solvent medium. The solvent medium is substantially proton free. The solvent medium may contain a proton scavenger. The process is carried out at relatively low temperatures, and requires little input of mechanical energy.

Abstract: Fungi that are genetically inactivated for the mstC gene (or a homolog thereof) are provided, which can also be genetically modified to increase production of heterologous proteins from a glucoamylase promoter. Methods of using these fungi, for example to degrade a biomass, are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a fermentation product from lignocellulosic material, comprising the following steps: a) optionally, pre-treatment of the lignocellulosic material, b) optionally, washing of the optionally pretreated lignocellulosic material, c) enzymatic hydrolysis of the optionally washed and/or optionally pretreated lignocellulosic material using an enzyme composition comprising at least two cellulases and whereby the enzyme composition at least comprises LPMO, and optionally purifying the hydrolysed lignocellulosic material, d) fermentation of the hydrolysed lignocellulosic material to produce a fermentation product, and e) optionally, recovery of a fermentation product, wherein oxygen is consumed in amounts corresponding to between 20 and 5000 mmol molecular oxygen per kg glucan present in the lignocellulosic material, the oxygen is added after the pretreatment and before and/or during the enzymatic hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic material, preferably in an

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention is directed to polypeptides having an amylase and/or glucoamylase activity, polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides, and methods for making and using these polynucleotides and polypeptides. In one aspect, the polypeptides of the invention can be used as amylases, for example, alpha amylases, to catalyze the hydrolysis of polysaccharide, oligosaccharide or starch into sugars. In one aspect, the invention provides delayed release compositions comprising an desired ingredient coated by a latex polymer coating. In alternative embodiments, enzymes are used to make biofuels, e.g., ethanol, butanol, propanol, or a gasoline-ethanol mix, including a bioethanol, biopropanol, biobutanol, or a biodiesel, or for any form of fuel or biomass processing.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel and advantageous process for the hydrolysis of biomass which enables a thorough hydrolyzation also of recalcitrant biomass such as sugar cane straw and sugar cane bagasse.

Abstract: Provided is a method for industrially mass-producing a modified xylopolysaccharide from biomass. The biomass used as a raw material includes xylan in plant cell walls, having at least one kind of substituents selected from acetyl, feruloyl arabinofuranosyl and coumaroyl arabinofuranosyl groups in the side chains of xylan. A passage controlling mechanism is internally arranged to generate plug-flow onto a slurry containing the biomass at a solid content in 10 mass % to 30 mass %. The hydrothermal treatment is performed under the controlled conditions: at a temperature of 160° C. or more, at a pressure equal to or higher than the saturated water vapor pressure at said temperature, and with a reaction severity R0 ranging from 3000 to 7000. A modified xylopolysaccharide is obtained as preserving the substituents in the side chains of xylan by performing a continuous hydrothermal treatment in a cylindrical plug-flow reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of saccharifying a cellulosic material comprising subjecting the cellulosic material to a laccase and a cellulolytic enzyme composition comprising a GH61 polypeptide in the presence of dissolved oxygen at a concentration in the range of 0.5-90% of the saturation level. The invention also related to methods of producing desired fermentation products, such as ethanol, using a method including a saccharification step of the invention.

Abstract: The invention is in the field of enzymology. More in particular, it provides a method for the isomerization of xylose into xylulose wherein the xylose is derived from lignocellulosic material.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method for dissolving and/or depolymerizing lignin comprising: (a) providing a composition comprising lignin, (b) contacting the composition with a strong hydrogen donor, such as a polyol, to form a first solution, (c) incubating the first solution at a temperature equal to or less than 100° C., whereby at least 20% by weight of the lignin is dissolved, (d) optionally introducing an oxidation agent to the first solution to form a second solution, wherein the temperature of the second solution is equal to or less than 100° C., whereby lignin is depolymerized, and (e) optionally introducing an anti-solvent to the second solution to precipitate the depolymerized lignin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cellobiohydrolase variants. The present invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding the variants; nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides; and methods of using the variants.

Abstract: A method of efficiently producing saccharides having glucose as the major component by inexpensively suppressing the non-productive adsorption of the enzyme to lignin is provided. The method of producing saccharides includes: a first step of preparing a water-soluble protein by adding at least any one of an animal protein and a vegetable protein to an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution or an aqueous calcium hydroxide solution to react with each other; a second step of adding the water-soluble protein to a slurry including a biomass; and a third step of producing saccharides having glucose as a major component by adding a degrading enzyme to the slurry for at least any one of a cellulose or a hemicellulose included in the biomass to be degraded by the degrading enzyme simultaneously with addition of the water-soluble protein to the slurry or after addition of the water-soluble protein.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method for the treatment of lignocellulosic material which method comprises contacting said lignocellulosic material with a composition comprising two or more enzyme activities, said enzyme activities being cellulase and/or hemicellulase activities, wherein the pH during the treatment is about 4.5 or lower, and the treatment is carried out at a dry matter content of 15% or more.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods useful for the production of heterologous proteins in filamentous fungal cells.

Abstract: The current disclosure provides a process for enzymatically converting a saccharide into tagatose. The invention also relates to a process for preparing tagatose where the process involves converting fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) to tagatose 6-phosphate (T6P), catalyzed by an epimerase, and converting the T6P to tagatose, catalyzed by a phosphatase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to xylanase variants, polynucleotides encoding the variants; nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides; compositions comprising the xylanase variants and methods of using the variants.

Abstract: Provided are a recombinant protein, a gene encoding the recombinant protein, a recombinant microorganism including the gene, and a method of degrading a macromolecular substance using the recombinant microorganism or the recombinant protein.

Abstract: A heterologous gene cassette useful for creating Streptomyces species with enhanced capability of growing on a cellulosic polysaccharide substrate, wherein the cassette comprises at least two members of the following categories: a) a GH6 gene, b) an AA10 gene, c) a GH48 gene, d) a GH5 gene and e) either (i) a GH9 gene, (ii) a GH9 gene and a GH12 gene, or (iii) a GH12 gene is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides for heterologous expression of termite and termite-associated symbiont cellulases. The cellulases can, for example, be codon-optimized and expressed in yeast host cells, such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The cellulases can also be co-expressed in host cells with other cellulases. The expression in such host cells of the termite and termite-associated symbiont cellulases, and variants and combinations thereof, result in yeast with improved cellulosic activity. Thus, such genes and expression systems are useful for efficient and cost-effective consolidated bioprocessing systems.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a biofinishing system comprising a combination of cellulases, in particular a biofinishing system comprising a combination of GH45 cellulases. The present disclosure further relates to a process for treating a cellulose-containing textile comprising biofinishing the cellulose-containing textile with a combination of GH45 cellulases.

Abstract: Described is a method for processing cellulose-containing biomass with sulfuric acid and certain additives, especially for the pretreatment of cellulose-containing biomass prior to saccharification.

Abstract: It is disclosed a process to transfer a ligno-cellulosic feedstock from a low pressure zone to a high pressure zone. A slurry the ligno-cellulosic feedstock is first provided, which is then subjected to a multi-step liquid removal process comprising draining by gravity at least a portion of the free liquid; removing a first portion of the capillary liquid in a low pressure zone by continuously compressing a stream of the ligno-cellulosic feedstock to reach a moisture content in a first target range; removing a second portion of the capillary liquid by shearing and compressing the ligno-cellulosic stream in a plug forming device, to form a ligno-cellulosic feedstock plug having a moisture content in a second target range at an outlet of the plug forming device connected to the high pressure zone.

Abstract: Described is a method for processing cellulose-containing biomass with sulfuric acid and certain additives, especially for the pretreatment of cellulose-containing biomass prior to saccharification.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to polypeptides having alpha-glucosidase activity isolated, derived or derivable from Rasamsonia or engineered polypeptides having alpha-glucosidase activity isolated, derived or derivable from Rasamsonia homologs. The present disclosure also pertains to polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides, nucleic acid constructs, vectors, host cells and mutant cells comprising the polynucleotides. The disclosure further pertains to compositions comprising such polypeptides, methods of producing the polypeptides and compositions, as well as methods for using such polypeptides and compositions for industrial applications.

Abstract: A method for preparing a fermentation product including lactic acid, the method including: a) treating lignocellulosic material with caustic magnesium salt in the presence of water to provide treated aqueous lignocellulosic material; b) saccharifying the treated aqueous lignocellulosic material in the presence of a hydrolytic enzyme to provide a saccharified aqueous lignocellulosic material comprising fermentable carbohydrate and a solid lignocellulosic fraction; c) simultaneously with step b), fermenting the saccharified aqueous lignocellulosic material in the presence of both a lactic acid forming microorganism and caustic magnesium salt to provide an aqueous fermentation broth comprising magnesium lactate and a solid lignocellulosic fraction; d) recovering magnesium lactate from the broth, wherein the saccharification and the fermentation are carried out simultaneously.

Abstract: A method for reducing the level of DNA in a fermentation broth is disclosed where the method includes a heating step where the broth is heated to a temperature of at least 70° C.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of functionalizing lignin using reactive extraction. The invention also generally relates to functionalized lignin. An exemplary method for producing functionalized lignin is disclosed, which comprises: providing a residue comprising lignin and cellulose; subjecting the residue to a liquid comprising an organic compound, thereby forming a first mixture; wherein the subjecting is performed at a first temperature of about 100° C. or less; and wherein the first mixture comprises: a first liquid fraction comprising solubilized functionalized lignin, wherein the solubilized functionalized lignin is functionalized with the organic compound; and a first solid fraction comprising cellulose.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cellobiohydrolase variants. The present invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding the variants; nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides; and methods of using the variants.

Abstract: The present invention has a purpose of providing a technique for increasing the heat resistance of a ?-galactosidase. According to the present invention, in a reference ?-galactosidase amino acid sequence which shows a 90% or more identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, proline is substituted for one or more amino acids selected from the group consisting of the following amino acids: (1) an amino acid corresponding to lysine at position 166 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, (2) an amino acid corresponding to glycine at position 307 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, and (3) an amino acid corresponding to alanine at position 833 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for improved liquefaction of a lignocellulosic biomass. The methods include reacting a lignocellulosic biomass slurry at mild conditions for a short period to produce a first reaction mixture having a reduced viscosity as compared to the lignocellulosic biomass slurry and that is substantially free of levulinic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural. The methods further include separating the first reaction mixture into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction, the solid fraction having a majority of lignin from the lignocellulosic biomass slurry and the liquid fraction having a majority of hemicellulose and greater than about 30% by weight of cellulose from the lignocellulosic biomass slurry. The method advantageously prevents or eliminates the formation of tar and/or char.

Abstract: The current disclosure provides a process for enzymatically converting a saccharide into tagatose. The invention also relates to a process for preparing tagatose where the process involves converting fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) to tagatose 6-phosphate (T6P), catalyzed by an epimerase, and converting the T6P to tagatose, catalyzed by a phosphatase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a fermentation product from ligno-cellulosic material, comprising the following steps: a) optionally pre-treatment of the ligno-cellulosic material; b) optionally washing of the optionally pre-treated ligno-cellulosic material; c) enzymatic hydrolysis of the optionally washed and/or optionally pre-treated ligno-cellulosic material using an enzyme composition comprising at least two cellulase and whereby the enzyme composition at least comprises GH61; d) whereby less than 7.5 mg enzyme composition/g glucan (on dry matter and enzyme as protein) or less than 3.0 mg enzyme composition/g feedstock (on dry matter and enzyme as protein) is used; and e) fermentation of the hydrolyzed ligno-cellulosic material to produce a fermentation product; and f) optionally recovery of a fermentation product; wherein before and/or during the enzymatic hydrolysis oxygen is added to the ligno-cellulosic material.

Abstract: Disclosed are glycosyl hydrolase enzyme variants, particularly variants of certain oxidoreductases of glycosyl hydrolase family 61. Nucleic acids encoding the glycosyl hydrolyase variants, compositions including the glycosyl hydrolase variants, methods of producing the variants, and methods of using the variants are also described.

Abstract: A method of producing sugar solution by repeating a sugar solution production process includes steps (1) to (3), wherein a wash solution obtained in step (4) of washing a separation membrane after step (3) is used for step (1) of subsequent sugar solution production processes: step (1): preparing slurry of pretreated cellulose-containing biomass; step (2): hydrolyzing the slurry of pretreated cellulose-containing biomass in step (1) using cellulase from filamentous fungi; and step (3): subjecting the hydrolyzate of step (2) to solid-liquid separation into a solution component and a hydrolysis residue, filtering the solution component through an ultrafiltration membrane and recovering the cellulase from filamentous fungi as a non-permeate, and recovering the sugar solution as a permeate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising: a polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity and a heterocyclic compound. The present invention also relates to methods of using the compositions.