Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide: a novel thiol-detecting reagent, which can be used in vivo and which solves the problem regarding the generation of background fluorescence due to hydrolysis; and a method for detecting thiol using the aforementioned reagent. The present invention provides a compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein each R2 independently represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, or a hydrogen atom.

Abstract: A process for simultaneous assay of chlorides and sulfides by low pressure ion exclusion chromatography is provided, and in said process an analytic apparatus comprising a sampling valve, a sampling loop, an ion exclusion column and an analytic detection flow path is used, and said process comprises the following steps: (1) in the analytic detection flow path, the mixture of developer R1 and developer R2 mixes with Eluent C and then enters into a reactor, and the mixing is continued under heating.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming an ion of formula (I) comprising the steps of: (i) reacting a compound of the formula (IIa); with a biopolymer, BP, having at least one group capable of reacting with M to form a covalent linkage, to provide a biopolymer derivative of the formula (IIIa); and (ii) cleaving the C—X bond between X and the ?-carbon atom of the derivative of formula (IIIa) to form the ion of formula (I); where: (IV) is a carbon atom bearing a single positive charge or a single negative charge; and X is a group comprising a thioether sulphur atom bound directly to the ?-carbon which is capable of being cleaved from the ?-carbon atom to form an ion of formula (I). The biopolymer derivatives of the invention have enhanced ionisability with respect to free biopolymer (BP) enabling improved analysis of the biopolymer using mass spectrometry.

Abstract: Fluorescent quinolizinocoumarin compounds substituted with electrophilic reactive groups that bind thiol compounds are described. The compounds are useful in detecting oxidative stress and processes associated therewith in live cells.

Abstract: A miniature system encapsulating a chemical transducer (sensor) prepared for a specific chemical, coupled with a miniature radio transmitter that relays information to a handheld receiver on the presence, or absence, of the target chemical. The system is deployed by several means, such as grenade, small rocket, large caliber rifle, drone plane, etc. The deployment device can hold many such sensor devices, each prepared for a particular toxic chemical, such as chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, or phosgene.

Abstract: Disclosed are dithio compounds that include a quenched fluorophore and a non-fluorophore peptide linked via a dithio bond to the fluorophore. The dithio compounds may be used in methods for detecting thiol-containing compounds or dithio-containing compounds. The dithio compounds also may be used as cellular probes where the peptide portion of the compounds targets the compounds to a specific cellular location.

Abstract: Kibble-type animal feeds and pet foods including a vegetable protein-based core matrix and a coating of a fat and at least one additive are described. The coating may include a probiotic enriched coating. Methods of forming the kibble-type animal feeds and pet foods are also described. Probiotic coating for a kibble showing acceptable stability and bioactivity are disclosed and methods for assessing the bioactivity of a probiotic in a food composition are also described.

Abstract: A method that uses an L-?-dipalmitoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) surfactant based device that reacts with a substance in a known manner, to detect a substance of interest or to extract a substance of interest from a material is provided. The principles of the present invention are particularly useful in detecting/measuring a substance that is harmful to a human, and also to extracting NACL from saltwater.

Abstract: A method for analyzing a dithiocarbamate pesticide, which can ensure analytical precision with both ease and promptness is provided. The method for analyzing a dithiocarbamate pesticide comprises adding a crude drug, a preparation containing the same, or a treated product thereof, an aqueous acid catalyst solution, L-cysteine or a salt thereof, and an organic solvent for extraction to a reaction vessel, sealing the vessel, carrying out microwave irradiation, digesting a dithiocarbamate pesticide existing in the crude drug or the preparation containing the same into carbon disulfide, carrying out fractional extraction using the above organic solvent, and then analyzing the extract.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method allowing to determine at least one petroleum characteristic of a geologic sediment sample, wherein the sample is heated in an oxidizing atmosphere, its temperature being successively raised to a first, then to a second value, said first value below 200° C. being reached very quickly, then maintained substantially constant for a certain time, said second value ranging between 600° C. and 850° C. being reached with a temperature gradient ranging between 1 and 30° C./min, from said first value. According to the invention, the amount of SO2 contained by the effluent resulting from said oxidizing heating is measured continuously, every moment of the heating period of said sample.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of detecting an S-nitrosothiol in a sample which includes treating the sample with a transition metal such as copper (I) and cysteine in the presence of a substance capable of blocking interactions between iron-containing compounds and NO and detecting the generated NO.

Abstract: The invention provides novel chiral compounds including 2-methoxy-2-trifluoromethylphenylacetic thioacid useful to react with and analyze other chiral compounds that have an electrophilic chiral carbon center.

Abstract: Fluorogenic or chromogenic dyes are useful as reporter molecules for detecting cell entry by a specific molecule.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to a screening method for identifying compositions suitable for use in an oral composition (e.g., a confection or chewing gum product) effective for the treatment of oral cavity malodor associated with the consumption of garlic. In particular, this invention relates to a screening method for determining the ability of a composition to reduce the concentration of a sulfide or disulfide compound (e.g., diallyl disulfide) present in a model sample or solution which is representative of the oral cavity of a subject after consuming garlic, as an indicator of the effectiveness of that composition in the treatment of oral cavity malodor associated with the consumption of garlic.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting compounds containing a free sulfhydryl group in a sample and a test device which is used to detect such compounds. The method and test device use a papain-based assay where the papain is initially complexed with a metal ion making it inactive. Sulfydryl compounds in a sample activate the papain. Enzymatic activity of papain on a papain substrate releases a dye producing a detectable signal. The test device may be used in detecting compounds containing a free sulfhydryl group in industrial, environmental, experimental and biological samples.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a surface ligand; preparation of the ligand; colloidal nanoparticle, such as quantum dot bearing one or more of the ligand; and a bioconjugate characterized by a nanoparticle bearing one or more of the ligand conjugated to a biomolecule. The ligand is characterized by the presence of a first module containing atoms that can attach to an inorganic surface; a second module that imparts water-solubility to the ligand and to the inorganic surface that may be attached to the ligand; and a third module that contains a functional group that can, directly or indirectly, conjugate to a biomolecule. Order of the modules can be different and other modules and groups can be on the ligand. Preparation of the ligand includes the steps of reacting a compound having atoms that can attach to an inorganic surface with a water-solubilizing compound that imparts the property of water-solubility to the ligand and the inorganic surface to which it may be attached and purification thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are biomarkers for determining gamma radiation exposure by an animal or human. The biomarkers include 3-hydroxy-2-methylbenzoic acid 3-O-sulfate, N-hexanoylglycine, ?-thymidine, taurine, xanthine, xanthosine, 2?-deoxyuridine, 2?-deoxycytidine, 2?-deoxyxanthosine, or any salt, ion, or combination thereof. Also disclosed are methods for determining gamma radiation exposure by an animal or human, which include the step of measuring the amount of one or more biomarkers specific to gamma radiation in the biological fluid and correlating the amount of said biomarkers to the amount of gamma radiation exposure by the animal or human. Systems for determining gamma radiation exposure by an animal or human and methods of treating an animal or human for gamma radiation exposure are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides novel chiral compounds including 2-methoxy-2-trifluoromethylphenylacetic thioacid useful to react with and analyze other chiral compounds that have an electrophilic chiral carbon center.

Abstract: Analytical reagents and mass spectrometry-based methods using these reagents for the rapid, and quantitative analysis of proteins or protein function in mixtures of proteins. The methods employ affinity labeled protein reactive reagents having three portions: an affinity label (A) covalently linked to a protein reactive group (PRG) through a linker group (L). The linker may be differentially isotopically labeled, e.g., by substitution of one or more atoms in the linker with a stable isotope thereof. These reagents allow for the selective isolation of peptide fragments or the products of reaction with a given protein (e.g., products of enzymatic reaction) from complex mixtures. The isolated peptide fragments or reaction products are characteristic of the presence of a protein or the presence of a protein function in those mixtures. Isolated peptides or reaction products are characterized by mass spectrometric (MS) techniques.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a nanoparticle film having metal ions incorporated wherein and to a method of detecting a gaseous or volatile or liquid analyte in a medium.

Abstract: Provided are a coloration agent for carbonyl sulfide which contains a metal oxide, and at least one metal component selected from among a cerium component, a silver component, a copper component, a nickel component, and an iron component, the metal component being supported on the metal oxide, or which contains at least one metal oxide selected from among a cerium oxide, a silver oxide, a copper oxide, a nickel oxide, and an iron oxide; carbonyl sulfide detection means including the coloration agent for carbonyl sulfide; and a fuel cell system including the detection means. The coloration agent for carbonyl sulfide has the ability to develop a color in the presence of carbonyl sulfide even at ambient temperature, exhibits excellent performance in detecting carbonyl sulfide contained in a hydrocarbon fuel, and enables the service life of a desulfurizing agent to be determined through visual observation.

Abstract: A method for estimating the sulfur content in the fuel of an internal combustion engine equipped with a catalyser, using a current sulfur concentration value (Sold) and a correction of said current sulfur concentration value (Sold) in order to obtain a new sulfur concentration value (Snew). The method includes the steps of measuring a first time interval (t1-t0) which is actually necessary in order to complete a regeneration process to remove sulfur; determining a quantity (SOxstored) of sulfur stored in the catalyser before the regeneration process to remove sulfur using the current sulfur concentration value (Sold); estimating a second time interval (t2-t0) which is theoretically necessary to complete the regeneration process, on the basis of the estimated quantity (SOxstored) of sulfur stored in the catalyser; and determining a multiplicative correction coefficient as a ratio between the first time interval (t1-t0) and the second time interval (t2-t0).

Abstract: The present invention describes methods and kits for determining the level of S-nitrosothiols in biological fluid samples. The method includes separating tissue or cellular matter from the biological fluid sample and then contacting the biological fluid sample with paraformaldehyde in an amount sufficient to fix free thiols thereby essentially eliminating diaphorase activity of the free thiols. The biological fluid sample is then contacted with NADPH and nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) wherein S-nitrosothiols in the biological fluid sample facilitate the reduction of NBT to NBT formazan or diformazan in the presence of paraformaldehyde. The amount of reduced NBT is measured and the determined levels correlate to the amount of S-nitrosothiols in the biological fluid sample.

Abstract: A Fabry-Perot cavity has a pair of partially transmissive, partially reflective, surfaces. A first of the surfaces is flexibly suspended adjacent and parallel to a second of the surfaces. A gap exists between the surfaces. A variable electrostatic potential permits this gap to be adjusted. A translucent chemical layer is disposed on the first surface. A photosensor is attached to the second surface. Light irradiates the photosensor through the chemical layer and the first and second surfaces wherein the light is also partially reflected between the surfaces. A sensing environment is provided wherein an agent undergoes a reaction with the chemical layer as well as an environment wherein the reaction does not occur. The output of the photosensor is measured to assess a change in spectrum and spectral intensity for each of the sensing environments. The gap between the surfaces as well as the light used are selected to provide an optimum photosensor output.

Abstract: A process is provided for determining the amount of sulfuryl fluoride in the atmosphere of an enclosed area that has been fumigated with sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2). This process comprises: (A) sampling said atmosphere of said enclosed area to obtain a gaseous sample; (B) selectively removing water from said gaseous sample by passing said gaseous sample through a perevaporation zone to obtain a perevaporated sample, wherein said perevaporation zone comprises a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoro-3,6-dioxa-4-methyl-7-octene-sulfonic acid; and (C) analyzing said perevaporated sample in a sulfuryl fluoride detector to determine the amount of sulfuryl fluoride in said perevaporated sample.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a surface ligand; preparation of the ligand; colloidal nanoparticle, such as quantum dot bearing one or more of the ligand; and a bioconjugate characterized by a nanoparticle bearing one or more of the ligand conjugated to a biomolecule. The ligand is characterized by the presence of a first module containing atoms that can attach to an inorganic surface; a second module that imparts water-solubility to the ligand and to the inorganic surface that may be attached to the ligand; and a third module that contains a functional group that can, directly or indirectly, conjugate to a biomolecule. Order of the modules can be different and other modules and groups can be on the ligand. Preparation of the ligand includes the steps of reacting a compound having atoms that can attach to an inorganic surface with a water-solubilizing compound that imparts the property of water-solubility to the ligand and the inorganic surface to which it may be attached and purification thereof.

Abstract: A process for purifying a crude polyether, comprising contacting a crude polyether obtained by addition polymerizing an active hydrogen-containing compound with an alkylene oxide compound in the presence of an alkali metal-containing basic catalyst to an adsorbent comprising a synthesized hydrous magnesium silicate compound which satisfies the following requirements (1) to (5) in order to reduce the alkali metal content of the crude polyether: (1) it is represented by the following formula I: (CaO)x.(MgO)y.(Al2O3)z.SiO2.mH2OI wherein x, y, z and m satisfy the following ranges: x<y, z<y, 0?x?0.1, 0.6?y?0.6, 0?z?0.1 and 0.1?m?1.5, (2) it is amorphous according to the analysis of its powder method X-ray diffraction diagram, (3) it has a BET specific surface area of 100 to 400 m2/g, (4) it has an alkali metal content of 0.1 wt % or less, and (5) it has an average particle diameter of 2 to 60 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for quantitatively determining a reducing substance, which comprises reacting a reducing substance in a test specimen with iron (III) ions, reacting iron (II) ions formed by reduction of the iron (III) ions or residual iron (III) ions with a metal indicator which is capable of reacting specifically with the iron (II) ions or the residual iron (III) ions to undergo color development, and carrying out quantitative determination by measuring the degree of color development, wherein a chelating agent which is specific to copper ions is added to the test specimen before the reaction of the reducing substance with the iron (III) ions; and a reagent used for it.

Abstract: A device for detecting sulfuryl fluoride, in which the gas specimen to be examined is subjected to pyrolysis with ensuing detection of a pyrolysis product, is to be improved for the sake of achieving a mobile, economical structure. To attain this object, in a preliminary tube (1) for pyrolysis, there is a chemical layer (5) of pyrophoric iron, and as an indicator system for the pyrolysis product, a test tube (2) for hydrogen fluoride is used.

Abstract: A novel achiral biaryl-type compound and a circular dichroism(CD) color fixing agent are provided. Furthermore, a method for determining an absolute configuration of a chiral compound is carried out by introducing the above achiral biaryl-type compound into the chiral compound.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for making surface plasmon resonance-capable arrays wherein molecules, such as proteins or nucleic acids, or cells, are adhered to a metal substrate. The metal substrates are modified by depositing an ?-modified alkanethiol monolayer to the substrate and then contacting the ?-modified monolayer with a heterobifunctional linking compound. Biomolecules or cells can then be attached to the heterobifunctional linking compound. Also disclosed are arrays wherein glutathione-containing molecules are immobilized on the substrate and GST-containing molecules are then specifically immobilized onto the substrate, taking advantage of the affinity between glutathione and GST.

Abstract: Methods for incorporating a stable isotope into a protein or peptide fragment are disclosed. The methods include providing isolated isotope-labeled protein or peptide fragments and analyzing the isolated labeld fragments. In another aspect of the invention, methods for quantitatively comparing peptides in two protein or peptide fragment mixtures are provided. In these methods, protein levels are measured using stable-isotope coded protein or peptide fragments.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of fluorogenic or chromogenic dyes as reporter molecules for detecting cell entry by a specific molecule.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for quantitatively determining hydrogen sulfide or sulfide ions conveniently with high sensitivity, which comprises adding to a sample containing hydrogen sulfide or sulfide ions, metal ions or a compound which liberates said metal ions and a metal indicator which reacts with the metal ions and resultingly undergoes color development, wherein the color development is accelerated or inhibited by the hydrogen sulfide or sulfide ions; and measuring the degree of color development of the metal indicator.

Abstract: Analytical reagents and mass spectrometry-based methods using these reagents for the rapid, and quantitative analysis of proteins or protein function in mixtures of proteins. The methods employ affinity labeled protein reactive reagents having three portions: an affinity label (A) covalently linked to a protein reactive group (PRG) through a linker group (L). The linker may be differentially isotopically labeled, e.g., by substitution of one or more atoms in the linker with a stable isotope thereof. These reagents allow for the selective isolation of peptide fragments or the products of reaction with a given protein (e.g., products of enzymatic reaction) from complex mixtures. The isolated peptide fragments or reaction products are characteristic of the presence of a protein or the presence of a protein function in those mixtures. Isolated peptides or reaction products are characterized by mass spectrometric (MS) techniques.

Abstract: Sensors, sensor arrays and sensing methods provide for detection of a chemical analyte in a fluid. Sensors include a plurality of conductive and nonconductive regions in contact with a measuring apparatus. One or more sensors include a plurality of particles that include a metallic core. Preferably, the particles also include one or more capping ligands coupled to the metallic core. Exposure of the sensors to a fluid containing a chemical analyte causes the analyte to react with the metal core, preferably by displacing one or more of the capping ligands. The chemical analyte can be detected based on a change in electrical or optical properties of the sensors.

Abstract: A novel achiral biaryl-type compound and a circular dichroism (CD) color fixing agent are provided. Furthermore, a method for determining an absolute configuration of a chiral compound is carried out by introducing the above achiral biaryl-type compound into the chiral compound.

Abstract: An automated device that couples a pair of differently sized sample loops with a syringe pump and a source of degassed water. A fluid sample is mounted at an inlet port and delivered to the sample loops. A selected sample from the sample loops is diluted in the syringe pump with the degassed water and fed to a flow through detector for analysis. The sample inlet is also directly connected to the syringe pump to selectively perform analysis without dilution. The device is airtight and used to detect oxygen-sensitive species, such as dithionite in groundwater following a remedial injection to treat soil contamination.

Abstract: Analytical reagents and mass spectrometry-based methods using these reagents for the rapid, and quantitative analysis of proteins or protein function in mixtures of proteins. The methods employ affinity labeled protein reactive reagents having three portions: an affinity label (A) covalently linked to a protein reactive group (PRG) through a linker group (L). The linker may be differentially isotopically labeled, e.g., by substitution of one or more atoms in the linker with a stable isotope thereof. These reagents allow for the selective isolation of peptide fragments or the products of reaction with a given protein (e.g., products of enzymatic reaction) from complex mixtures. The isolated peptide fragments or reaction products are characteristic of the presence of a protein or the presence of a protein function in those mixtures. Isolated peptides or reaction products are characterized by mass spectrometric (MS) techniques.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for forming electrical contacts to a molecular layer in a nanoscale device, the nanoscale device, and a method of manufacturing an integrated circuit comprise such devices. The process includes coating a surface of a stamp with a metal layer and forming an attached layer of anchored molecules by coupling first ends of the anchored molecules to a conductive or semiconductive substrate. The process also includes placing the metal layer in contact with the attached layer of anchored molecules such that the metal layer chemically bonds to free ends of the anchored molecules. The resulting devices produced have superior reliability as compared to conventional prepared devices.

Abstract: A combinatorial library comprises a plurality of ligand-bearing support units, where the ligand-bearing support units comprise (a) a solid carrier, (b) one or more ligands covalently bound to the solid carrier, and (c) one or more encoding metal salts impregnated on the support unit, where the distribution of the cations of the encoding metal salts provides a code for identifying the ligand or ligands that are attached to the support units, and the cations have been stabilized against dissolution by treatment with one or more anions that form insoluble or poorly soluble salts of the cations.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for detecting oxidizable contaminants in gas streams at very low levels. A portion of a contaminant-containing gas stream is reacted, preferably catalytically, to effect complete oxidation of the contaminant to at least one oxidized product whose concentration in the system can be readily and quantitatively determined. Since ratio of the contaminant concentration to the product concentration is known, the method provides a simple and effective method of measuring a contaminant concentration which would otherwise be incapable of measurement or capable of measurement only very difficultly. The method is capable of attaining the detection limits required by the most demanding industrial processes of less than 1000 ppt, 500 ppt, or 10 ppt for such contaminants as hydrocarbons, organocarbons and siloxanes. Through rapid quantitative measurements of the oxidized products, contaminant concentration monitoring can operate on substantially a real time basis.

Abstract: A method to determine a total cysteine in biological fluids utilizes similarly treated portions of the fluid with a homocysteinase and a non-specific desulfurase.

Abstract: Thioredoxin, a small dithiol protein, is a specific reductant for allergenic proteins and particularly allergenic proteins present in pollen and animal and plant sources. All targeted proteins contain disulfide (S—S) bonds that are reduced to the sulfhydryl (SH) level by thioredoxin. The proteins are allergenically active and less digestible in the oxidized (S—S) state. When reduced (SH state), they lose their allergenicity and/or become more digestible. Thioredoxin achieved this reduction when activated (reduced) either by NADPH via NADP-thioredoxin reductase (physiological conditions) or by lipoic acid chemical reductant. Skin tests carried out with sensitized dogs showed that treatment of the pollens with reduced thioredoxin prior to injection eliminated or decreased the allergenicity of the pollen. Studies showed increased digestion of the pollen proteins by pepsin following reduction by thioredoxin.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of detecting shikimic acid comprising the steps of: oxidizing shikimic acid with periodic acid or a reagent comprising periodate and periodic acid; adding a strong base to generate a chromophore; stabilizing the chromophore with sulfite; detecting the presence of the chromophore; and optionally quantifying the amount of the chromophore. The methods of the invention can be performed directly with tissue extracts, preferably plant tissue extracts.

Abstract: Multilayered porous materials are formed by coating a porous substrate with a metal and adsorbing an organic layer comprising a recognition moiety onto the metal film. The recognition moiety interacts with an analyte of interest allowing for its detection, purification, etc. Suitable recognition moieties can be selected from a range of species including, small molecules, polymers and biomolecules and the like. The novel porous materials of the invention can be utilized in an array of methods including, ion-exchange, ion-selective ion-exchange, assays, affinity dialysis, size exclusion dialysis and the like.

Abstract: An automated device that couples a pair of differently sized sample loops with a syringe pump and a source of degassed water. A fluid sample is mounted at an inlet port and delivered to the sample loops. A selected sample from the sample loops is diluted in the syringe pump with the degassed water and fed to a flow through detector for analysis. The sample inlet is also directly connected to the syringe pump to selectively perform analysis without dilution. The device is airtight and used to detect oxygen-sensitive species, such as dithionite in groundwater following a remedial injection to treat soil contamination.

Abstract: The present invention is based on the discovery of a simplified assay for identifying modulators of ubiquitin ligase activity. This assay allows detection of compounds that affect ubiquitination and thus, cell cycle regulation in cells. An increase in ubiquitination, in comparison to a test sample lacking a test compound, indicates a stimulation of activity, whereas a reduction in ubiquitination indicates an inhibitor of activity. Also disclosed herein are methods of identifying proteins having ubiquitin ligase activity, methods of identifying substrates for ubiquitination, methods for identifying an activity relationship between a particular ubiquitin ligase and a particular ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, and chimeric proteins comprising a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme and a ubiquitination substrate, which are useful in all of the disclosed methods.

Abstract: A system and apparatus for analyzing stack gas for total reduced sulfur. The gas is withdrawn from a stack through a probe, filtered and regulated to a known temperature. The gas is then passed through a scrubbing column to remove sulfur dioxide and split into first and second portions. The first portion is oxidized to covert total reduced sulfur compounds to SO2, and the gas is then passed to an electrochemical sensor for SO2 which is maintained at a temperature at least equal to the temperature of the regulated gas. The second portion of the scrubbed gas is passed through an electrochemical sensor for oxygen which is maintained at substantially the same temperature as the sensor for SO2.

Abstract: A reagent composition for measuring hydrogen sulfide, which comprises an aniline derivative represented by the general formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkyl group, and R3 and R4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-C6 alkyl group or a halogen atom; and an oxidizing agent, as well as a method for measuring hydrogen sulfide in a sample using the aniline derivative represented by the general formula (I) above.