Abstract: Blood separation filter assemblies and methods are provided to quickly and completely separate plasma or serum from whole blood without the need of centrifugation. The filter assemblies and methods have filter materials of a predetermined thickness which are maintained under positive pressure during use. The filter materials have at least one layer of glass fibers having an average fiber diameter ranging from 0.2 .mu.m to 7.0 .mu.m and which are compressed at least 25% in thickness.

Abstract: An assay for determining the cholesterol level in a sample involving a bibulous strip comprising a transfer region for transporting a transport medium from a transport medium source, a sample receiving region in fluid communication with said transfer region, and a measurement region in fluid communication with said sample receiving region, and a detectable signal reagent system comprising unbound conversion reagent and bound reagent wherein said conversion reagent reacts with cholesterol to form an intermediate product and wherein said bound reagent reacts with said intermediate product to produce a detectable border, in which the conversion reagent is placed in the transfer region of the strip or in a region of the strip between the sample receiving and measurement regions and the signal reagent is non-diffusively bound to the strip in the measurement region, and which upon contact with the sample and the transport medium results in the production of a detectable border in the measurement region which is rel

Abstract: Single or multiple blood plasma component concentrations are measured by a disposable stick having one or more blood plasma component reactive areas covered by a semipermeable membrane which is permeable by blood plasma or serum components and impermeable by blood cellular and particulate matter. A second overlay may be superposed with the semipermeable membrane over the reactive areas to receive a blood sample and meter and distribute that sample uniformly to the semipermeable membrane which in turn passes the plasma components uniformly to the reactive areas. The overlays are subsequently separable from the reactive area to remove the cellular components and particulate matter and expose the reactive areas for inspection by, for example, color comparison to standardized charts.

Abstract: A filter system for separating and binding biomolecules contained in a solution includes a first filter means for selectively passing components of the solution that are smaller than the biomolecules, thereby concentrating the biomolecules in the solution. Also included is a binding membrane means having an affinity for the biomolecules for binding the biomolecules to the binding membrane means, with the binding membrane means being located where the biomolecules are concentrated by the first filter means. In the preferred mode, the binding membrane means is chosen to selectively bind the biomolecule of interest. According to a preferred method of the invention, biomolecules from a sample volume are bound to a binding membrane by urging the sample volume against a biomolecule-binding support membrane that is in contact with a cut-off filter membrane such that the sample volume will pass through the biomolecule-binding support membrane before passing through the cut-off filter membrane.

Abstract: A dry multilayer analysis element which allows easy permeation of a high molecular weight component or hydrophobic component, which has, in order, at least a water permeable porous reagent layer, a water permeable light reflecting/screen layer, and a water permeable porous spreading layer on a water-impermeable transparent support, a reagent composition capable of producing an optically detectable substance in the presence of a component to be detected being incorporated in at least one of the water-permeable layers including said reagent layer, said light reflecting/screen layer being porous and comprised microcapsules having a core containing light reflective/screen grains and a shell made of a high molecular weight compound, wherein each of said reagent layer, spreading layer, and reflecting/screen layer allows permeation of a high molecular weight or hydrophobic component therethrough.

Abstract: A chemical analyzer has a cold-storage chamber and a tape-feeding cassette which can be accommodated in the cold-storage chamber and is detachable therefrom. The cassette contains a chemical analysis tape and has an opening through which the tape can be taken out of the cassette. A section of the tape-feeding cassette inside of the opening is sealed off from the atmosphere and from other parts of the cassette. The tape passes through this section. This section is provided with air which has a relative humidity not higher than 70% such that the pressure therein is positive.

Abstract: In an integral multilayer analytical element which comprises a first nonfibrous porous layer, a second nonfibrous porous layer, and a fibrous porous layer superposed in this order to a water-impermeable light-transmissive support, the above three porous layers are integrally laminated to each other substantially closely by an adhesive disposed partially so as to form through microspaces to the degree not to interfere approximately uniform permeation of liquid, a reagent composition to produce an optically detectable change in the presence of an analyte is incorporated into at least one of said three porous layers, the improvement comprising that the void volume and the void volume per unit area of the first nonfibrous porous layer is less than a half of the void volume per the same unit area of the second nonfibrous porous layer.

Abstract: A reagent format having an inverse funnel shaped body which includes a central capillary tube that opens into a flow passageway. The flow passageway is formed, in part, by providing a recessed flow surface at one end of the inverse funnel shaped body which is surrounded by a stepped shoulder. A test substrate, such as reagent film, is secured to the shoulder so as to form one surface of the flow passageway. The device is suitable for both drawing and spreading a fluid test sample onto a test substrate in one step. Additionally, one or more small diameter vent passageways open into the flow passage to allow for air to escape when fluid is drawn into the flow passage through capillary action. The pen-shaped body is also formed of a clear or translucent material such that the flow of the test fluid can be observed by the user.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the visualization of substance stains on dry layer chromatograms without further addition of a mobile phase, which device has foil of at least one layer and comprises one or more reagents for the visualization of substance stains.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices and methods for interrupting capillary flow of a liquid between two pieces of bibulous material which, prior to actuation, are in a capillary flow relationship to each other. In particular, the capillary flow relationship of two pieces of bibulous material is interrupted by utilizing a liquid expandable piece of bibulous material.

Abstract: A reagent format having an inverse funnel shaped body which includes a central capillary tube that opens into a flow passageway. The flow passageway is formed, in part, by providing a recessed flow surface at one end of the inverse funnel shaped body which is surrounded by a stepped shoulder. A test substrate, such as reagent film, is secured to the shoulder so as to form one surface of the flow passageway. The device is suitable for both drawing and spreading a fluid test sample onto a test substrate in one step. Additionally, one or more small diameter vent passageways open into the flow passage to allow for air to excape when fluid is drawn into the flow passage through a capillary action. The pen-shaped body is also formed of a clear or translucent material such that the flow of the test fluid can be observed by the user.

Abstract: A test device and method of determining the presence and concentration of proteins in a test sample are disclosed. The test device includes a test pad comprising a new and improved carrier matrix incorporating an indicator reagent composition capable of interacting with proteins to produce a detectable or measurable response. The new and improved carrier matrix of the test pad comprises a film, membrane or layer of a polymerized urethane-based compound, a water insoluble inorganic compound and an insoluble organic compound. The carrier matrix provides improved color resolution and increased sensitivity to proteins in dry phase test strip assays, thereby achieving an accurate and trustworthy protein assay of a liquid test sample, such as urine, having a protein concentration as low as about 5 mg/dL. Also disclosed is a method of making the test device.

Abstract: A dry analytical element for use in the measurement of activity of enzyme in an aqueous liquid, such as, body fluid, having one or more water-retaining layers. The enzyme has an optimum pH in a in pH range within which the dissociation of p-nitrophenol is insufficient for color formation. The layers of the element comprise a self-developing substrate having p-nitrophenol group attached to the molecular structure through an ether or ester linkage and a cationic polymer, said self-developing substrate and said cationic polymer being incorporated separately in different water-retaining carriers which are arranged to allow the layers to have liquid contact with each other.

Abstract: A semi-automated biological sample analyzer and subsystems are provided to simultaneously perform a plurality of enzyme immuno assays for human IgE class antibodies specific to a panel of preselected allergens in each of a plurality of biological samples. A carousel is provided to position and hold a plurality of reaction cartridges. Each reaction cartridge includes a plurality of isolated test sites formed in a two dimensional array in a solid phase binding layer contained within a reaction well which is adapted to contain a biological sample to be assayed. The carousel and cartridges contain structures which cooperate to precisely position the cartridges in each of three separate dimensions so that each cartridge is positioned uniformly. An optical reader operating on a principle of diffuse reflectance is provided to read the results of the assays from each test site of each cartridge.

Abstract: Methods and materials detect ketone and aldehyde analytes in fluid samples by reacting analyte containing samples with a first solid matrix material to which a nitroprusside salt is coupled and a second solid matrix material to which an amine is covalently coupled. Methods and devices are also provided for ascertaining the fat catabolism effects of a weight loss dietary regimen comprising determining the breath acetone concentration of the subject.

Abstract: A dry-type analytical element suitable for measuring the activity of alanine aminotransferase in a liquid sample, characterized by incorporating a dye capable of absorbing the electromagnetic waves of 400 to 500 nm into at least one water-permeable layer. The coloring sensitivity of the dry-type analytical element does not increase substantially even under a fluorescent light, and thereby, an accurate measured value can easily be obtained.

Abstract: The specification discloses a fecal occult blood test device capable of determining whether the blood found during the test originated in the upper or lower gastrointestinal track. A fecal sample is applied to a test medium charged to be differentially attractive to blood components originating in the upper and lower gastrointestinal track respectively. A solvent is applied to the test specimen to cause differential migration of the blood components and an indicator is then applied to indicate the presence of the blood components, if any.

Abstract: The ionic strength or the specific gravity of an aqueous liquid is determined by mixing the liquid with a reagent composition which contains at least one pH buffer substance but no polyelectrolyte polymer, or at least one pH buffer substance and/or at least one complex former, determining the pH of the mixture, and evaluating the determined value.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dry reagent for blood coagulation tests in which an at least partial course of the coagulation cascade takes place, comprising a carrier material which contains a chromophoric substrate of a protease of the blood coagulation system, at least one factor and/or co-factor of the blood coagulation system and a buffer.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of stable dispersions of hydrophobic reagents in aqueous material, which process involves dissolving an ionomeric polymer, together with hydrophobic reagent substance, in a suitable organic solvent, adding water to the resulting material and then removing the organic solvent. The resulting dispersion has exceptionally high stability and finds utility in the production of diagnostic reagent test devices.

Abstract: A liquid transport system provides controlled flow of liquid in a liquid flow zone between two surfaces wherein one surface includes a plurality of projections, or raised areas, arranged substantially throughout the surface in the liquid flow zone and an aperture for allowing the introduction of liquid between the two surfaces. In a preferred embodiment the projections on the first surface are arranged in parallel spaced rows and parallel spaced columns. The second surface may be one surface of a layer of a diagnostic assay element.

Abstract: The invention is reagents and procedures for determining an amount of cations present in a sample, the reagent including one or more chromogenic cryptand compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein k and j, either same or different, are equal to 1 to about 5;m and n, either same or different, are equal to 0 to about 4;a and e, either same or different, are equal to 0 to about 2;b and d, either same or different, are equal to 0 to about 5;R, either same or different, is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkylidene, lower alkenyl, allyl, or aryl; and--Q-- is ##STR2## wherein X and CH, N, or COH; and Y includes ##STR3## except that when Q is ##STR4## wherein Y is p-nitrophenylazo, 3-phenylisothiazolyl-5-azo, isothiazolyl-5-azo, thiazolyl-5-azo, 2,4,6-trinitrophenylazo, p-nitrostyryl, p-benzoquinonemonoimino or bis-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)hydroxymethyl, then the following condition cannot be present: that simultaneously b is equal to 0 or 1, d is equal to 0 or 1, j is equal to 1, n is equal to 1 or 2, a is equal to 1, e is

Abstract: A blood containment device including a housing with an opening through which an adhesive ply of multi-ply material is exposed. Blood is expelled from a syringe onto the exposed material. The housing has two chambers, one for the clean material and one for containing a take-up reel onto which the bvlood stained material is wound. A removable tension plate is supported within the housing to hold the absorbent material taut beneath the opening in the housing.

Abstract: A multi-layer analytical element for analyzing body fluids includes a light transmitting and water impermeable support having provided thereon a fist non-fibrous porous layer, a second non-fibrous porous layer, and a fibrous porous layer in this order, the three porous layers being bonded together in one piece with an adhesive locally applied in such a manner that small through-holes are formed so as not to substantially interfere with uniform penetration of the liquid. At least one of the non-fibrous porous layers contains a reagent composition which undergoes a detectable optical change in the presence of a component to be analyzed, which optical change is detectable in the first non-fibrous porous layer, and wherein the non-fibrous porous layer comprises polysulfone. The analytical element enables dry analyses with improved precision independently of the hematocrit value of samples.

Abstract: In an integral multilayer analytical element of a flat sheet type comprising a plurality of layers for quantitative analysis of an analyte in a liquid sample, the improvement which comprises at least two layers of a microporous sheet material arranged adjacent to each other, said at least two layers being combined by an adhesive provided in part on the interface of said layers, whereby the interface allows essentially uniform passage of a liquid therethrough.

Abstract: A multi-layer analysis element including an endogenous ammonia trapping layer, an ammonia producing layer containing a composition capable of reacting with an ammonia producing substance to produce gaseous ammonia, and at least one layer essentially incapable of trapping ammonia and essentially incapable of producing ammonia, and capable of preventing the diffusion of ammonia, disposed between the endogenous ammonia trapping layer and the ammonia producing layer. The unified multi-layer analysis element according to the invention is useful for the quantitative analysis of ammonia producing substances in aqueous biological food samples, with a high degree of sensitivity and accuracy, using a simple procedure.

Abstract: A chromatic test device for the performance of immuno- or chemical assays wherein a unitary planar fibrous filter body incorporates a sample application zone, a separation zone and a reaction zone and the application zone is in fluid communication with a first absorbent and the reaction zone is in fluid communication with a second absorbent to establish bilateral flow of the fluid component of the sample and of the analyte applied to the zones during the performance of an assay.

Abstract: Am improved device and method for analyte assay in liquid samples, wherein a porous membrane with an immobilized receptor which is capable of directly or indirectly binding to the analyte is separated from a body of absorbent material capable of absorbing the liquid sample by a septum capable of substantially separating the porous membrane from the absorbent body while substantially directing the flow of the liquid sample from the porous membrane to the absorbent body.

Abstract: The multilayer test devices of this invention comprise, in order, (a) an absorbent layer; (b) a waterproof barrier layer; and (c) a quickly absorbent reagent layer having a determinate volume. The absorbent and barrier layers each include an aperture functionally aligned for application of a test sample through the absorbent and barrier layers and onto the surface of the reagent layer. The reagent layer contains one or more reagents which produce a detectable species in the presence of an analyte. The reagent layer preferably comprises an asymmetrical filter, which localizes cellular components of the test sample at or near the surface of the filter, while facilitating saturation of the filter by non-cellular sample components. Preferred embodiments of the test devices include devices for testing glucose, alcohol, cholesterol, or other analytes in whole blood.

Abstract: The invention is reagents and procedures for determining an amount of cations present in a sample, the reagent comprising(a) one or more chromogenic cryptand compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein k and j, either same or different, are equal to 1 to about 5;m and n, either same or different, are equal to 0 to about 4;a and e, either same or different, are equal to 0 to about 2;b and d, either same or different, are equal to 0 to about 5;R, either same or different, is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkylidene, lower alkenyl, allyl, or aryl; and--Q-- is ##STR2## wherein X is CH, N, or COH; andY includes ##STR3## and (b) one or more interfering cation complexing compound masks.

Abstract: A dry analysis element for determination of a particular constituent in erythrocyte-containing blood, which comprises at least a water permeable porous spreading layer and a water permeable reagent layer arranged on the side opposite to the liquid accepting face of the porous spreading layer, and which contains a reagent composition capable of producing an optically detectable substance in the presence of an analyte in at least either of the water permeable layers. The porous spreading layer contains cholic acid, deoxycholic acid or salts thereof to enable accurate determination of the constituents in whole blood, irrespective of the hematocrit value.

Abstract: Constructions are provided for removing interfering red blood cells from a blood sample and providing a measured amount of serum or plasma to a pad. The pad serves as a bridge for the transfer of reagent between two bibulous strips, resulting in transfer of reagent solution through the pad and transport of a material to be measured to the measuring region of the strips. Particularly, glass fiber membranes are used in conjunction with cellulosic membranes to minimize red blood cell lysis, remove red blood cells and provide a measured amount of sample.

Abstract: Test carrier analysis system for the analytical determination of a component of a sample fluid, in particular of a body fluid. The system comprises test carriers (1) with a color formation layer (5) which is attached movably to the test carrier. The color formation layer is in the initial state of the test carrier not in fluid contact with a fluid reservoir layer (4) likewise attached to the test carrier, but can be pressed against the latter by external manipulation. The system also incorporates an evaluation apparatus with a pressure element (10a) for the pressing of the color formation layer (5) and a control unit (25) for controlling the apparatus functions.

Abstract: Disclosed is an analytical element for determination of hydrogen peroxide, which comprises using an analytical element containing a substance having the action of peroxidation, a compound represented by Formula (I) shown below, and an aromatic primary amine compound, or a salt thereof, capable of forming a dye through the coupling reaction with the compound represented by Formula (I) shown below: ##STR1## wherein Z represents a group of nonmetallic atoms necessary for forming a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring, which ring formed by Z may have a substituent; X represents a hydrogen atom or a group capable of being split off through the reaction with an oxidized product of the aromatic primary amine compound; and R represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.Disclosed is also an analytical method for determination of hydrogen peroxide by use of the above analytical element.

Abstract: A multi-layered element for the quantative analysis of an immuno-reactant having a water-impermeable and light-transmissible support layer; a coloring reagent layer carried by said support layer and containing a hydrophilic polymer as a binder; and a reaction layer covering said reagent layer and made of a porous matrix. When the analyte immunoreactant is an antigen, said reaction layer contains the specific antibody for the antigen, the antibody being immobilized by a first water-insoluble carrier. When the analyte immuno-reactant is an antibody, said reaction layer contains the specific antigen for the antibody. The reaction layer contains an enzyme substrate immobilized by a second water-insoluble carrier different from said first water-insoluble carrier.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for the separation of immiscible liquids are provided, and comprise the use of separator means having a surface which is preferentially "wettable" by one of the liquids to the substantial exclusion of another of the liquids. In use, the liquids are flowed from a common liquid source onto said surface with the one liquid being sorbed thereby to the substantial exclusion of the other liquid to thus substantially separate the liquids. The separator means surface may be maintained essentially level to retain the substantially separated liquid thereon, or may be inclined to result in the flow of the same therefrom under the influence of the force of gravity. Alternatively, the separator means may be made of a liquid-permeable material to permit the flow of the substantially separated liquid therethrough and therefrom under the influence of the force of gravity.

Abstract: An analytical element and method using the element for measuring a specific component in a fluid sample such as blood, serum, plasma, urine, sweat etc. The fluid sample is applied on the element with a labeled-material formed by binding the specific component or the analogue of it with a labeling material causing a signal. The element comprises a reaction layer and an absorption layer. The reaction layer contains a material which is capable of specifically binding with the component to be measured and the absorption layer contains a material which capable of binding with the labeled material and decreasing a signal caused by the labeling material. A strength of the signal caused labeled-material in the reaction layer is determined to measure the specific component.

Abstract: The invention relates to a colorimetric dosimeter including an indicator housing openable at one end and having a wall defining an interior space extending along the length thereof. The housing is partitioned into a first portion starting at the one end and a second portion following behind the first portion. A strip indicator defines a high-sensitivity region and is disposed in the first portion so as to conjointly define a clear through diffusion passage with the wall which extends to the second portion. A granular indicator defining a low-sensitivity region is disposed in the second portion.

Abstract: A simplified detection implement for use in the biological or chemical tests such as medical, pharmaceutical, microbiological, enzymological or analytical tests comprising an adhesive sheet (1) having an adhesion material layer (4), the adhesion sheet (1) also having an area "a" in an optimal shape and an area "b" in an optimal shape with a folding line (6) at the border of areas "a" and "b"; a small test material (3) adhered to the adhesion material layer (4) and being placed approximately at the center of area "a" of the adhesive sheet (1); and a peelable protection sheet (2) covering the surface of the adhesion material layer (4) and having an opening (5) big enough to expose the whole surface of the small test material (3) as well as being so positioned to expose the small test material (3) when areas "a" and "b" are overlapped by folding the adhesive sheet (1) at the folding line (6), and when areas "a" and "b" being overlapped the majority or part of area "a" of the adhesive sheet (1) acts as the adhesi

Abstract: A self-contained assay device is provided, where an analyte may be detected or be quantitated by measuring the distance of a detectable signal from a predetermined site. The device employs two strips separated by a gap, where a flow path is completed by movement of a sample receiving pad into the gap. The movement of the sample receiving pad also results in release of a reagent solution which is then transported through the pad into the quantitation area where the amount of analyte may be determined. Various chemistries may be employed for providing a detectable signal.

Abstract: A multizone test device for the determination of analyte in a liquid test medium. The test device preferably comprises multilayers including a first layer comprising a solid, porous matrix incorporated with a reversibly immobilized first reagent and a second layer comprising a solid, porous matrix incorporated with a second reagent which interacts with the first reagent and analyte from the liquid test medium to provide a detectable signal. A reversible binding interaction between the first reagent and the matrix of the first layer prevents the first reagent from prematurely migrating into the second layer during manufacture of the device and prior to application of the liquid test medium to the test device. The reversible binding interaction is sufficiently disruptable by contact of the first layer with the liquid test medium to release and thereby render diffusible an analytically effective amount of the first reagent within the test device.

Abstract: A dry analytical element for use in detecting a specific component contained in a liquid, which element comprises one or more water permeable layers provided on a water impermeable support, at least one layer of the water-permeable layers containing a composition capable of interacting with said specific component contained in said liquid. The composition contains a leuco dye and a dispersion containing said leuco dye is incorporated in the water-permeable layer, which is formed by dissolving the leuco dye in a hydrophobic solvent containing an aliphatic higher alcohol and dispersing the resulting solution in a hydrophilic medium. The leuco dye has the formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 represents an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, R.sup.2 represents an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, and R.sup.3 represents an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group. A process for producing said dry analytical element is also disclosed.

Abstract: A diagnostic test device for detecting the presence of a component in a liquid sample comprises a liquid impervious receptacle vented by a liquophobic element. The receptacle houses an absorbent which contacts and draws liquid through a microporous reaction medium, gas being displaced from the absorbent during the liquid absorption. The liquophobic element vents the displaced gas while ensuring the containment of liquids within the receptacle. The diagnostic test device may also comprise a cover having an aperture communicating with the microporous medium for the application of liquids thereon while providing a liquid impervious seal with a wall of the receptacle. The cover may also force the microporous medium into positive contact with the absorbent to promote absorption.

Abstract: A member of an analytical element for the analysis of a liquid sample containing solid material, comprising a volume filtration layer composed of a fibrous material and a spreading layer having a liquid-retaining capacity larger than that of the volume filtration layer, in which the volume filtration layer and the spreading layer are united to give an integrated structure. The spreading layer may be composed of a fibrous material, a woven cloth, a knitted cloth or a non-fibrous porous medium.

Abstract: A dry analytical element having functional layers which contain dehydrogenase, oxidized nicotinamide coenzyme, pyruvate, an electron transport compound and an electron acceptable dye-forming compound is disclosed. The improvement the analytical element resides in that the coenzyme and dye-forming compound are contained in one or two layers which are different from a layer containing pyruvate.

Abstract: A dry type analysis element for detecting a specific constituent in a liquid is provided. The dry type analysis element comprises a light-transmissive support having thereon at least one water-penetrative layer, at least one of said water-penetrative layer(s) containing a composition capable of interacting with said specific constituent in said liquid, wherein said composition contains a leuco dye comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented formula [I] and salts of these compounds ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R.sup.2 represents a substituted or unsubustituted alkyl group, and R.sup.3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group,and said leuco dye is dissolved in a hydrophobic solvent to form a solution that is contained in said water-penetrative layer as a dispersion in a hydrophilic medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a test carrier for the determination of coagulation parameters, wherein it includes a test layer which contains glass fibres which are coated with polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl alcohol/vinyl acetate.The present invention also provides a process for the production of a glass fibre layer, wherein glass fibres are slurried in an excess of water with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol and a layer is formed according to a process conventional for the production of paper and dried at an elevated temperature.Furthermore, the present invention provides a process for the determination of coagulation parameters of blood, wherein it includes a process step in which blood is passed through a glass fibre layer which contains glass fibres which have been coated with polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl alcohol/vinyl acetate.

Abstract: A biological diagnostic device and process for efficiently and accurately analyzing a sample of a biological fluid for in analyte of interest. The device, which is a preferred embodiment utilized for the analysis of whole blood samples, comprises a diagnostic test element and a sample application unit comprising a fluid delivery element and means for providing sample fluid to the fluid delivery element. The fluid delivery element comprises a layer having a plurality of grooves, or channels, in the surface thereof which is adjacent the test element. The fluid which is provided to the grooves is subsequently delivered to the test element.

Abstract: An analytical element for quantitative analysis of bilirubin in a liquid sample by a diazo method, characterized in that the bilirubin detection reagent is a non-diffusive aryldiazonium salt having in the aryl group at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylaminosulfonyl group and an alkylaminocarbonyl group.

Abstract: A multilayer analytical element for quantitative analysis of bilirubin in a liquid sample by a diazo method, which comprises a laminated structure consisting essentially of:(1) a porous reagent layer containing an acidic binder and a diazonium salt being reactive to bilirubin to produce azobilirubin;(2) an absorbent layer capable of absorbing an excessive liquid portion; and(3) a liquid-impermeable light-transmissive support.