Abstract: Historical information about a significant input parameter is stored in a data analytics model of a hydrocarbon reservoir. A historical deep recursive neural network (RNN) model is built based on time-series production data from the hydrocarbon reservoir as a function of the significant input parameter in the data analytics model. The historical deep RNN neural network model is stored on a data storage device. An experiment using the historical deep neural network model is designed to predict the significant input parameter. The experiment is run to produce a significant experimental input parameter. The significant experimental input parameter is compared to the significant input parameter stored in the data analytics model to determine a difference. The data analytics model is adjusted to reduce the difference.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for measuring permeation of gases through a material comprising the following steps: a) Supplying gas to a permeation enclosure (10) during which a first chamber (11) is supplied with a target gas flow comprising at least one target gas corresponding to a gas for which one tries to determine the permeation through the material (M), and simultaneous supplying gas to a measurement enclosure (20) with at least one calibrated flow comprising at least one reference gas different from the target gas; b) during the gas supply step, measuring in the measurement enclosure (20) the reference gas present at instant (t) and the target gas present at the same instant (t) after having crossed the material (M) by permeation; c) calculating a correction factor at instant (t) by comparing the measurement of the reference gas present at instant (t) with the reference gas supply calibrated flow; and d) determining the permeation of the material (M) to said gas, from the measurement of the ta

Abstract: Automated calcimeter systems and methods of using the same are described. An automated calcimeter system may comprise a reaction chamber; a pressure sensor coupled to the reaction chamber and configured to measure pressure in the reaction chamber; a pump coupled to the reaction chamber; piping coupled to the pump, wherein the piping is of sufficient length to store a preselected volume of acid; and a processor configured to instruct the pump to deliver the preselected volume of acid to the reaction chamber while also drawing a volume of gas from the reaction chamber, wherein the volume of gas is equivalent to the preselected volume of acid.

Abstract: A method of estimating a wettability characteristic of a formation includes: disposing a magnetic resonance (MR) measurement apparatus in a borehole; generating a low gradient static magnetic field and an oscillating magnetic field in a region of the formation; detecting a MR signal generated in the region; calculating relaxation parameters for at least one fluid in the region; and estimating the wettability characteristic of the region based on the relaxation parameters.

Abstract: A well fluid test device includes a cell body having a first end port disposed on an upper end of the cell body, a second end port disposed on a lower end of the cell body, a first lateral port disposed on a side of the cell body, and a second lateral port disposed on a side of the cell body, and a filter medium disposed in the cell body, wherein the first and second lateral ports are disposed above the filter medium. A method of evaluating a fluid includes injecting a fluid into a well fluid test device, the well fluid test device having a filter medium, heating the fluid in the well fluid test device, establishing a pressure differential across the filter medium, establishing a filter cake on the filter medium, and maintaining at least one of a temperature and a pressure in the well fluid test device.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for systems and methods effective to implement virtual and augmented reality. In an example, a first device may send data to a second device. The first device may include a processor and a memory. The processor may receive first image data based on a first real image from a third device. The first real image may include a fourth device image that relates to a fourth device. The processor may receive second image data based on a second real image from the fourth device. The processor may send the first image data to the second device. The processor may receive a first request from the second device to receive the second image data. The processor may send a second request to the fourth device for the second image data, receive the second image data, and send the second image data to the second device.

Abstract: The subject matter of the present disclosure is directed to developing a method of measuring the amount of producible oil and the producible oil saturation in shale-oil reservoirs using sample source rock. Further, the physical and chemical properties and amounts of producible oil in shale-oil reservoir samples may be determined. First and second solvents are applied to a sample source rock to extract petroleum from the sample source rock. The extracted source rock, the twice-extracted source rock, and the first and second extracted petroleum may be analyzed to determine the characteristics and properties of the reservoir rock.

Abstract: A method for estimating characteristics of a formation including collecting a formation sample, preparing the sample, and analyzing the sample using FTIR comprising identifying the kerogen lineshape and intensity. The method includes using the lineshape to obtain kerogen maturity, using the maturity to obtain the kerogen spectrum, and using the kerogen spectrum to obtain the mineralogy and kerogen content.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a device for sulfur characterization and quantification in a sample of sedimentary rocks or of petroleum products wherein the following stages are carried out: heating said sample in a pyrolysis oven (1) in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, oxidizing part of the pyrolysis effluents and continuously measuring the amount of SO2 generated by said part after oxidation, then transferring the pyrolysis residue of said sample into an oxidation oven (1?) and continuously measuring the amount of SO2 contained in the effluents resulting from said oxidation heating.

Abstract: A server device according to an embodiment is connected to a plurality of player terminals to communicate information with the player terminals. The server device includes: a storage unit configured to store game content information, the game content information being configured to have special numbers at a predetermined interval in serial number order; a providing unit configured to select the same number of pieces of game content as the number of the predetermined interval, and to provide the selected pieces of game content at a time; a provision notice information generating unit configured to generate provision notice information for notifying in advance of whether a piece of game content with a special number is to be provided; and an image data generating unit configured to generate image data for displaying a game screen on a display unit of the player terminal before providing the pieces of game content.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and related apparatus for determining the presence and/or quantity of H2S in the drilling debris of a subsoil layer comprising the following working steps: recovering the drilling debris of a layer; degassing the drilling debris from the previous recovery step, and separating a gaseous phase from said debris; clearing the gas released in the step of degassing, and conveying towards an H2S detector; determining the possible presence and/or quantity of H2S in the gaseous phase from the steps of degassing and clearing by means of a suitable means of detection; possible repetition of the previous phases at two layers, at least of the subsoil at different levels of depth in relation to the surface, with consequent determination of a distribution profile of H2S in the subsoil.

Abstract: A method for calculating the volume of various predetermined organic end-members in samples of rock at various depths in oil reservoir rock is utilized to produce one or more graphic displays that are use to interpret the data to identify, e.g., tar mats, in order to improve the efficient production of hydrocarbons from the well. Data is collected from the samples by known pyrolysis and compositional modeling methods; additional data is obtained by elemental analysis to determine weight percentages of C, H, N, S and O in the selected end-members and characterization of physical properties of representative samples of the reservoir rock, e.g., from core samples; the data is then processed in accordance with the method to provide a series of data points used to produce the graphic displays for visual interpretation.

Abstract: A traceable treatment composition for treating a subterranean formation having multiple zones penetrated by a well bore comprising a homogenous blend of a tracking composition and a resin composition. The tracking composition comprises a substantially non-radioactive tracking material selected from the group consisting of a metal salt. The metal portion of the metal salt may be selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, lithium, molybdenum, and vanadium.

Abstract: A method of playing a wagering game comprises receiving a wager, and generating a randomly selected first outcome of a first wagering game, the first outcome comprising a first plurality of symbols arranged in a first matrix. The method further comprises generating a randomly selected second outcome of a second wagering game, the second outcome comprising a second plurality of symbols arranged in a second matrix, and simultaneously displaying the first outcome and the second outcome on at least one display. The method further comprises detecting an occurrence of a triggering event, in response to the triggering event, copying a first special symbol occurring in the first outcome into the second outcome to yield a modified second outcome, and evaluating the first outcome and the modified second outcome for winning combinations of symbols.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for determining the source of treatment fluids being produced from a production formation having multiple zones by introducing a treatment composition having a tracking material into a zone in the subterranean formation, and detecting the tracking material in treatment composition that flows back from the subterranean formation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method allowing to determine at least one petroleum characteristic of a geologic sediment sample, wherein the sample is heated in an oxidizing atmosphere, its temperature being successively raised to a first, then to a second value, said first value below 200° C. being reached very quickly, then maintained substantially constant for a certain time, said second value ranging between 600° C. and 850° C. being reached with a temperature gradient ranging between 1 and 30° C./min, from said first value. According to the invention, the amount of SO2 contained by the effluent resulting from said oxidizing heating is measured continuously, every moment of the heating period of said sample.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel assays for zero-valent transition metals. The novel assays of the present invention are generally methods or processes for quantitatively and/or qualitatively evaluating the presence of zero-valent transition metals on and/or within samples. Such assays generally involve a digestion process whereby the sample is exposed to carbon monoxide. Transition metals, if present in or on the sample and if contacted by the carbon monoxide, are extracted by the carbon monoxide as metal carbonyl species, the presence of which confirms the presence of transition metals. Such novel assays have enormous predictive power in oil and gas exploration.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus or system for determining an amount of coal tar that can enter, and subsequently be displaced from, a given type of soil for a range of depths of the soil. The method and apparatus also provide verification of the pressure at which coal tar can be displaced from a given type of soil. In particular, the method and apparatus simulate the hydrostatic pressure that a soil sample encounters in the subsurface of the ground. Accordingly, the method and apparatus provide a relationship between the concentration of coal tar in the soil and the pressure required to displace the coal tar from the soil, which allows for an estimation of the amount of coal tar that may be displaced at a particular location or site. Further, the method and apparatus are adaptable for use in the laboratory or the field.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for obtaining a reproducible sample of solid particles. The reproducible sample is obtained by receiving solid particles into a collection system that includes a sheltered volume. Solid particles that settle outside of the sheltered volume are purged from the collection system. The remaining solid particles inside the sheltered volume correspond to the reproducible sample.

Abstract: A system for quickly and automatically extracting and analysing residual solvents is realised for operating directly in the premises where the packing materials are being manufactured, printed and/or laminated. The system provides for a single unit equipped with a display and a keyboard, and comprises an extraction (desorption) chamber (1), an analysis chamber with valves and separating columns, a detection system (17), and a data processing system (19). The extracting or desorption chamber comprises a desorption cell (1) for receiving a vial (36; 37) containing said sample, and means are provided to keep the inside of said cell (1) at a pressure higher that that of the surrounding environment until a new sample has been introduced into the cell, thus accomplishing a “washing” of cell for eliminating polluting solvents coming from the desorption of a preceding sample and/or solvents present in the surrounding environment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to assays for ascribing catalytic activity to rock samples by virtue of zero-valent transition metals potentially being present within the sample. Embodiments of the present invention are generally directed to novel assays for measuring intrinsic paleocatalytic activities (k) of sedimentary rocks for converting oil to gas and projecting the activities to the subsurface based on the measured linear relationship between ln(k) and temperature (T).

Abstract: The present invention is intended to take a sample of an emulsion circulating in a line. The emulsion is momentarily diverted from the main circulation line 1 thereof to a bypass line 2. By restoring circulation of the emulsion in main line 1, an emulsion sample still present in bypass line 2 is confined under pressure. The emulsion sample is then stabilized according to a well-known method. Since the size and the distribution of the drops no longer evolve with time, the sample can be observed and analyzed after sampling. The invention more particularly applies to the field of petroleum industry and it is notably intended to take a sample of a petroleum effluent in form of an emulsion at wellheads.

Abstract: A method of evaluating the volume ratio of gas to oil (GOR) in the fluids of a well during drilling by direct or indirect measurement of the volumes of gas and oil in the cuttings. The method includes determining the volume of gas (Vg) contained in the drilling fluids by measuring a ratio between a volume of gas produced and a corresponding volume of drilled rock, determining the volume of oil (Vo) by measuring the total organic carbon (TOC) in the drilled rock while taking account of physical characteristics of the drilled rock and of the oil under the surface conditions, and determining said volume ratio (GOR) by calculating the ratio of the previously determined volumes of gas and of oil. The method can be implemented in the field, even on a drilling site, using a Rock-Eval type equipment for example.

Abstract: A device is provided for extraction of samples of an aqueous solution in a substratum. A probe made up of a pyrometric capsule of porous porcelain has one end of lesser diameter to which is attached a tube of inert material. The tube is sealed hermetically by a rubber cap with two drilled holes. An adapted pipe is fitted into one of the drilled holes for connection to a vacuum pump, and a suction capillary is placed in the other drilled hole.

Abstract: Indicia of stability or thresholds of instability may be used to assess the proximity of hydrocarbon materials such as petroleum residua to deposition of carbon rich materials. The invention may be used to evaluate suitability of such hydrocarbon materials to various types of processing methodologies, or to determine processing parameters, either prior to processing or during processing. Prediction of proximity to deposition of carbon rich materials may result in continuous process parameters or increased output, decreased energy use or decreased amount of emissions per unit of such hydrocarbon materials compared to conventional processing technology. Products produced or products processed with this technology may also have a higher level of purity.

Abstract: A method of determining the composition of a sample including heavy oil or bitumen and water using low-field NMR. The NMR spectrum of the sample is taken at relatively low and high temperatures and the oil or water content is determined from the spectra and differential spectrum.

Abstract: A test for determining the bioavailable fraction of an organic pollutant present in soil comprises determining the fraction of the organic pollutant present in the soil which may be extracted by a cyclodextrin or derivative thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a method for testing earth samples for contamination by organic contaminants, and particularly for aromatic compounds such as those found in diesel fuel and other heavy fuel oils, kerosene, creosote, coal oil, tars and asphalts. A drying step is provided in which a drying agent is contacted with either the earth sample or a liquid extract phase to reduce to possibility of false indications of contamination that could occur when humic material is present in the earth sample. This is particularly a problem when using relatively safe, non-toxic and inexpensive polar solvents such as isopropyl alcohol since the humic material tends to be very soluble in those solvents when water is present. Also provided is an ultraviolet spectroscopic measuring technique for obtaining an indication as to whether a liquid extract phase contains aromatic organic contaminants.

Abstract: A method for determining the resistivity of water in an oil well site that includes rock that is capable of water entrapment, includes the steps of:(a) retrieving a sample of the rock;(b) identifying any entrapped water in the sample; and(c) determining the resistivity of the entrapped water. The so determined resistivity then enables oil reserves to be calculated in the well site.

Abstract: A device for determining at least one petroleum characteristic of a geologic sediment sample placed in a boat, said device including a first heater heating said sample in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, a measuring component determining hydrocarbon-containing products released after feeding the sample into said first heater, a second subsequent heater heating said sample in an oxidizing atmosphere, a measuring component determining the amount of CO.sub.2 contained in effluents discharged from the two heaters, said CO.sub.2 measuring means include a cell for measuring continuously CO.sub.2 throughout heating of the first and second heaters and a measuring component determining the amount of CO contained in the effluents discharged from the two heaters, and thereby allowing determination of said petroleum characteristic.

Abstract: A porous material (10) is contaminated with soil (14). Optionally, the porous material is partially shielded by an impermeable layer. The contaminated porous material is packaged and shipped to a user site. The contaminated porous material is removed from the package and placed in an automated processor containing medical equipment (22). The medical equipment and porous material are subjected to a cleaning, disinfecting, or sterilizing cycle in the processor. The cleaning process is evaluated by examining the porous material with an infrared or other electronic reader (24) to determine the presence of remaining soil which has not be removed during the cleaning, disinfecting, or sterilizing cycle.

Abstract: A method of determining a parameter of a physical model representing the electrical behavior of a composition is provided. The method comprises defining said model by a relationship between the electrical properties of the composition, a plurality of physical variables of the composition and said parameter, and measuring an electrical property of the composition. A sample which is representative for said composition is selected, and an electrical property of the sample is measured for various magnitudes of at least one of said physical variables. An incoherence function is selected, defining a difference between the measured electrical properties and the electrical properties as calculated from said relationship, said incoherence function being such that independent measurements are weighted in dependence of their accuracy. The parameter is determined by minimization of the incoherence function.

Abstract: A standard laboratory module for automatically producing a solution of cominants from a soil sample. A sonication tip agitates a solution containing the soil sample in a beaker while a stepper motor rotates the sample. An aspirator tube, connected to a vacuum, draws the upper layer of solution from the beaker through a filter and into another beaker. This beaker can thereafter be removed for analysis of the solution. The standard laboratory module encloses an embedded controller providing process control, status feedback information and maintenance procedures for the equipment and operations within the standard laboratory module.

Abstract: Saturation variations are obtained by displacing a first fluid (for example water) that initially saturates a sample (1) coated with resin (2) by injecting therein, through a first end plate or cap (3) and by means of a pump (7), a second fluid (for example oil). The mixture flowing out through an opposite end plate (4) is collected in an initially filled two-phase separator (9) placed on an electronic balance (10). The first excess fluid flows towards a vessel (13), and the progressive accumulation of the second fluid in separator (9) leads to a variation in the total weight. A programmed processor (14) computes permanently the saturation values of the sample with respect to the first and to the second fluid, from the measured weight variations of separator (9). The method and device can be used for laboratory measurements of rock samples for example.

Abstract: A method allowing fast assessment of at least one petroleum characteristic of geologic sediments from a sample of these sediments, said method comprising heating the sample in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and which method comprises different temperature rise stages; determining at least three magnitudes S.sub.1r, S.sub.2a and S.sub.b representative of the quantity of hydrocarbons contained in said sample, and deducing at least one petroleum characteristic of the geologic sediment from these three magnitudes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining at least one petroleum characteristic of a geologic sediment sample heated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere and an oxidizing atmosphere. The sample is heated to a first temperature value below 200.degree. C. for a predetermined period of time and then to a second temperature value ranging between 600 and 850.degree. C. according to a temperature gradient between 0.2.degree. C. and 50.degree. C./min. Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are continuously measured during the temperature stages in order to determine at least one petroleum characteristic, wherein said petroleum characteristic comprises a quantity of organic oxygen, inorganic oxygen, total organic carbon, or inorganic carbon.

Abstract: A method of evaluating at least on type of pollution characteristic in a soil sample contaminated by hydrocarbon compounds, a method wherein the soil sample is first heated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, then in an oxidizing atmosphere. The method comprises several temperature rise stages from which at least five quantities Q.sub.0, Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 are measured, wherein the quantities represent concentrations of hydrocarbon compounds in the soil sample. At least one type of pollution characteristic of the sample is determined from quantities Q.sub.0, Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4.

Abstract: Methods to determine the geographic sources of soil samples are described. A biological fingerprint profile of the sample is determined. The profile is compared to a library which is constructed of datasets which relate biological profiles and geographic locations of soil samples. The invention provides a tool for identification of pollution sources of soil origin.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing a sample to determine its mineral composition. The invention combines X-ray diffraction with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to provide a complete spectrum including molecular vibrations, probed by FTIR scans and lattice spacing measured by X-ray diffraction in a single representation. This FX spectrum provides a more complete and accurate mineralogy than either of the techniques alone. In addition, new techniques for independent X-ray diffraction analysis and FTIR analysis are described.

Abstract: Precise and accurate determination of gypsum in soils has been difficult, laborious and time consuming by currently available methods. The present invention solves such problems by: 1) Direct removal of nongypsic sulfate from 2-g soil sample with 25-mL portion of 50-% (v/v) ethanol, thus, eliminating positive errors in gypsum measurement from sulfate analysis while causing essentially no loss in gypsum content of the sample, and 2) stoichiometric conversion of soil gypsum to Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and CaCO.sub.3 (s) by two equlibrations of the soil sediment with 25-mL increments of 0.5M Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3 solution plus 30-s sonification. The SO.sub.4 in the supernatent solution is centrifuge separated, analyzed by the standard BaSO.sub.4 gravimetric and turbidimetric methods, and gypsum content is computed from equation [8]:gypsum(g)/soil(kg)=[SO.sub.4 (g) /soil(kg)(172/96.

Abstract: Provided is a method for testing earth samples for contamination by organic contaminants, and particularly for aromatic compounds such as those found in diesel fuel and other heavy fuel oils, kerosene, creosote, coal oil, tars and asphalts. A drying step is provided in which a drying agent is contacted with either the earth sample or a liquid extract phase to reduce to possibility of false indications of contamination that could occur when humic material is present in the earth sample. This is particularly a problem when using relatively safe, non-toxic and inexpensive polar solvents such as isopropyl alcohol since the humic material tends to be very soluble in those solvents when water is present. Also provided is an ultraviolet spectroscopic measuring technique for obtaining an indication as to whether a liquid extract phase contains aromatic organic contaminants.

Abstract: An apparatus analyzes a plurality of soil samples to determine characteristics of the soil samples. An input portion sequentially provides a plurality of soil samples each having a known solid content. A plurality of vessels are supported for movement with a continuous conveyor relative to the input portion to receive the soil samples. A plurality of testing stations are arranged relative to the continuous conveyor to sequentially access the samples carried by the vessels. The testing stations each test the samples to determine at least one of the characteristics of the samples.

Abstract: A collective fluid inclusions volatiles sample is released from each of a plurality of sedimentary rock samples and analyzed as it is being released to determine composition thereof. Compositions are used for mapping the earth's subsurface.

Abstract: A method is described to evaluate the R.sub.wb parameter, which can be applied to the Dual Water log interpretation model by measuring the resistivity of initial brines and of filtrates from muds prepared with shales. The method allows a more precise evaluation of the R.sub.wb parameter and eventually the reservoir porosity as well as the hydrocarbon storage capacity of a given reservoir.

Abstract: A method of geochemical prospecting where samples of soil, sediment and rock in a geological area are collected and each sample is contacted with a leach solution of water, glucose and glucose oxidase. The oxidase acts upon the glucose to produce gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The leach solution reacts with manganese dioxide carrying trace metal elements and compounds in the samples to produce a leach reaction solution. The leach reaction solution and the residue of the said sample are separated, and the leach reaction solution is analyzed to determine the trace metal content present. From the analysis, the mineral content of the geological area is predicted.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for detecting leakage of hydrocarbons from and preventing corrosion of underground storage tanks. Soil samples near an underground storage tank are taken and analyzed in the field, preferably using hexane as a solvent to detect the presence of hydrocarbons such as heating and waste oil. The soil-to-tank potential of the tank and the presence of water within the tank are measured and, if warranted, cathodic protection provided to the tank to prevent corrosion or further corrosion.

Abstract: A collective fluid inclusions volatiles sample is released from each of a plurality of sedimentary rock samples and analyzed as it is being released to determine composition thereof. Compositions are used for mapping the earth's subsurface.

Abstract: Methods are provided for using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to measure the bulk volume of oil and water in the polyurethane liner of sponge core. The method is accurate, rapid, and non-destructive. It provides information simultaneously in oil composition and viscosity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided to determine the amount of oil and water or brine in a representative core sample of reservoir rock at an overburden stress which approximates reservoir stress conditions. The core sample is initially saturated with reservoir hydrocarbon (crude oil) and aqueous fluids (water or brine). The core sample is surrounded with an elastic jacket, or sleeve, and placed in a confining pressure vessel that simulates reservoir overburden stress on the core sample. The hydrocarbon (oil) fluids and aqueous fluids (water or brine) are than extracted from the core sample with a solvent capable of dissolving both aqueous and hydrocarbon fluids. The solvent and aqueous fluids are separated from the hydrocarbon fluids by evaporation. Thereafter the aqueous fluids are separated from the solvent by extraction. The amounts of oil and aqueous fluids from the sample may be separately determined.

Abstract: A process for determining an end member age of an illite component in an earth sample which contains a diagenetic illite component and a detrital illite component. As a first step, the sample is separated into a plurality of fractions so that the fractions will have different mean ages of illite. Next, the relative percentage of one of the illite components is determined for each fraction. The mean age of total illite in each fraction is determined using potassium-argon age analysis. The determined relative percentages are then correlated with the determined mean ages to generate a linear relationship. The end member age for each illite component can then be determined by using the linear relationship since zero percent of one of the illite components corresponds to the end member age of the other illite component.