Abstract: Determination of tumor-associated glycolinkage (TAG) by:(1) competitively reacting body fluid TAG to be measured and a definite quantity of insolubilized TAG or TAG-like material with a definite quantity of lectin labelled with a labelling agent, separating the insolubilized TAG or insolubilized TAG-like material bound to the labelled lectin and unbound labelled lectin from each other, and measuring the labelling agent activity of either of them;(2) competitively reacting the material to be measured and a definite quantity of TAG or TAG-like material labelled with a labelling agent with a definite quantity of lectin or insolubilized lectin, separating the labelled TAG or labelled TAG-like material bound to lectin or insolubilized lectin and unbound labelled TAG or TAG-like material from each other, and measuring the labelling agent activity of either or them; or(3) reacting the material to be measured with the insolubilized lectin to form a TAG-insolubilized lectin complex, reacting this complex with a defini

Abstract: Allergenic factors are isolated from antigen extracts by preparing a column with pooled serum from patients with allergy to a given allergen system and passing over this column a pool of allergen extracts from different sources. Allergen specific immunoglobulin antibodies in purified form are obtained by forming an antigen-specific antibody complex from serum containing the antibodies and a material containing the antigen, recovering the complex and disassociating it, forming a second complex of the antigen with an excess of a second antibody so as to realize a combination of the second complex, free first specific antibody and free second specific antibody and then separating the second complex from the free first and second antibodies.

Abstract: The present invention concerns novel immunoprecipitating autologous antibodies which recognize the Class 1 gp90 antigen on melanoma cells. These antibodies, optionally tagged with a chromophoric or radioactive label and immobilized on an inert support, may be used to recognize and isolate the gp90 antigen from melanoma cell extracts. Monoclonal antibodies to melanoma may be screened with the gp90 antigen for those which recognize epitopes other than the FD antigenic system.The cell line containing the gp90 antigen which has been cultured in vitro is a source of gp90 antigen for generation of monoclonal antibodies which will be useful in analyzing the gp90 antigen for those epitopes which may be of diagnostic value in immunoassay of melanoma.

Abstract: Immunological preparations are prepared by immunizing hens with an immunogen having a molecular or particle weight of at least 30,000, to a stage of hyper-immunization at which there occurs a plateau-like levelling-off of the antibody content of the serum. The immunogenicity of the immunogen can be enhanced by enlarging the immunogen particle mass. The eggs of the immunized hens are collected, the yolk is separated from the eggs, followed by separation of the lipid content of the yolk. The antibodies in the egg yolk are then rendered indispersable with the aid of a water-soluble linear filamentary non-charged polymer precipitant such as PEG and the indispersable antibodies are recovered. This precipitation of antibodies is advantageously preceded by a precipitation of caseinaceous proteins, lipid and yolk particles at lower polymer concentrations. Selected antibodies (IgY or IgG) can be concentrated by pH-controlled fractional precipitation with PEG.

Abstract: A hybridoma cell line is disclosed that secretes monoclonal antibodies which serve as a high titer, reproducible, biological reagent useful in biological/medical research for isolating and identifying phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. In addition, the antibodies have potential uses in diagnosis of a variety of diseases, including certain cancers. The antibodies, which have demonstrated affinity for a variety of molecules containing o-phosphotyrosine residues, were prepared using a synthetic analog, p-azobenzyl phosphonate (ABP) covalently linked to a carrier protein, as the antigen.

Abstract: The invention pertains to an improved heterogeneous enzymeimmunoassay involving the use of a reversibly soluble polymeric substance acting as the support for the antibody. In the direct method the antigen to be detected and an enzyme labeled antigen are bound by antibody which is chemically linked to the soluble polymeric substance. The polymer is rendered insoluble and removed from the test solution. After resolubilization into a solution containing substrate for the enzyme label, the assay for antigen is completed by determination of enzymatic activity. In the indirect method, the antigen to be detected and an enzyme labeled antigen are incubated with a primary antibody unattached to the polymeric substance. After addition of a second antibody which is chemically linked to the polymeric substance, the polymer is rendered insoluble and the assay is performed as in the direct method described above.

Abstract: Ligand having at least two determinant or binding sites is contacted with a labeled first binder, an unlabeled second binder different than the first binder and a precipitating binder specific for the second binder, with such contacting precipitating a complex of the ligand and the first and second binders to thereby separate bound labeled binder from unbound labeled binder. The bound and/or unbound labeled binder is determined as a measure of the ligand.

Abstract: The present invention describes an apparatus and method for conducting immunochemical reactions in a self-contained sealed unit that requires only the addition of an unknown sample and water. The apparatus comprises a test tube with at least three chambers each containing different chemicals, including a solid sphere, and separated from each other by a water-soluble barrier.

Abstract: A conjugate useful in determining the amount of antigen or antibody in a liquid sample, said conjugate having a marker, an immunoreactive component (i.e. antigen or antibody) bound to the marker and an insolubilizing binding component which is also bound to the marker. The insolubilizing binding component portion of the conjugate will react with an insolubilizing receptor to form a solid product of conjugate and receptor unless the conjugate reacts with the corresponding antigen or antibody to be analyzed in which event the conjugate will not react with the insolubilizing receptor. The conjugate will be added to a liquid sample containing an unknown amount of, for example, an antibody. A known amount of the corresponding antigen is also added which reacts with both the conjugate and antibody. After the reaction is complete, the liquid sample is contacted with the insolubilizing receptor.

Abstract: The antigens procollagen peptide (type (III) and procollagen peptide col 1 (type III) can be determined together immunologically by either(a) reacting a specified amount in each case of labeled procollagen peptide (type III) or procollagen peptide col 1 (type III) and a highly specific antiserum containing antibodies having affinity for both the antigens mentioned together with a sample having an unknown content of procollagen peptide (type III) and/or procollagen peptide col 1 (type III), separating off the antigen-antibody complex formed and measuring the amount of labeling in the complex and/or in the supernatant, or(b) bringing a specified amount of the highly specific antiserum to reaction with a sample having an unknown content of procollagen peptide (type III) and/or procollagen peptide col 1 (type III), fixing the unreacted amount of the antibody to procollagen peptide (type III) or procollagen peptide col 1 (type III) bound to a support, and bringing to reaction with a labeled second antibody, and th

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for the quantitative determination of PEP (progestagen-associated endometrial protein) in a body fluid by radioimmunoassay. The technique is useful in monitoring the function of the human endometrium.

Abstract: A method for immunochemical assay of an antigen or antibody by labelling the antigen or antibody with a specific cyanine or merocyanine dye containing a carboxy group followed by effecting an immune reaction and photochemical processing thereof is provided. The amount of the antigen or antibody is measured in term of optical density of developed silver halide which is brought into contact with either the antigen-antibody reaction product or the unreacted material.This immunochemical assay method gives high detection sensitivity in a simple operation manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the assay of antibodies to soluble antigens in an aqueous sample, in particular in body fluids, such as blood serum or blood plasma, by contacting said sample with an antigen in vitro, wherein antibodies, if present, are bound by said antigens. The invention furthermore relates to a kit for the assay and detection of antigen-specific antibodies.According to the invention an antigen is used that is modified with a recognizable group, and said modified antigen is soluble in the test sample.The interaction between antigen and antibody takes place in homogeneous solution.

Abstract: An immunoassay of a specimen of a serum or the like to determine immune complexes, includes producing on a plastic base a layer of a non-proteinaceous, non-ionic polymer which will adhere to the plastic base and has the capability of absorbing immune complexes of the specimen, placing a specimen on the layer and treating the layer to produce an indication of the amount of immune complexes. The polymer may be polyethylene glycol, dextran, polyvinyl chloride, a polymeric polyol or an adduct of polyethylene glycol. Washing with conventional solutions, addition of an antihuman IgG coupled with an enzyme and addition of a substrate reactive therewith, are similar to the ELISA test, with color measurement as by spectrophotometer. Or, the addition of anti IgG-I.sup.125 and measurement by a scintillation counter may be used. The ethylene glycol may range in molecular weight from 2,000 to 20,000, although 6,000 to 8,000 is preferred.

Abstract: A prostate antigen distinct from prostatic acid phosphatase has been detected in normal, benign hypertrophic and malignant prostatic tissues, but not in other human tissues. The prostate antigen was purified to homogeneity from prostatic tissues by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-BioGel A anion exchange chromatography, molecular sievings on Sephadex G-100 and Sephadex G-75, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified prostate antigen shows a single protein band on analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. The molecular weight of purified antigen was estimated by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration to be 33,000 and by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 34,000 with no subunit. The prostate antigen had an isoelectric point of 6.9.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to assay of a glycoprotein component of human breast gross cystic disease fluid which has been designated GCDFP-15. This material is a useful marker in monitoring the efficacy of therapy in women with metastatic breast carcinoma and also in determining the maturity of the fetus in pregnant women. The assay for GCDEP-15 can also be used in conjunction with other assays for breast carcinoma such as an assay for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) whereby the utilization of both tests is more effective in monitoring for recurrence of disease than using either assay alone.

Abstract: An improved radioimmunoassay for the determination of cyclic nucleotides in body fluids which comprises adding a source of divalent cation prior to assay minimizes the effects of both endogenous calcium ion and EDTA used as an anticoagulant in blood plasma samples.

Abstract: A method for determination of a steroid such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS) in a sample of a human body liquid wherein the liquid sample is transferred to a sheet of microfilter paper and dried before being treated with an aqueous solvent to obtain a mixture wherein the dried body liquid is substantially redissolved in the aqueous solution. The mixture is contacted with an aqueous solution of an agent capable of selectively binding the steroid in the presence of a radioisotopically labeled form of steriod whereby part of the labeled steroid and part of the unlabeled steroid present in the sample are bound by forming a complex with the binding agent. Bound steroids are separated from unbound steroids in the aqueous solution and the radioactivity of at least the separated binding agent-steroids-complex or the unbound steroids is performed to determine the concentration of the hormone as a function of measured radioactivity. Additionally, a means for performing the method is disclosed.

Abstract: An improved method for the preparation of .sup.125 I-labelled Protein A (.sup.125 I PA) of high specific and functional activity. .sup.125 I PA has been used in combination with purified rabbit IgG (immunoglobulin G) bound to a solid support to develop a competitive binding assay capable of detecting Protein A or human, rabbit and guinea pig IgG at the nanogram level. Additionally, .sup.125 I PA may be used to detect methotrexate, leucovorin and similar substances..sup.125 I PA has also been used to detect IgG anti-Forssman antibody bound to sheep erythrocytes and to line-1 and line-10 tumor cells and as an indirect assay for tumor associated antigen in the ascitic fluid of tumor-bearing guinea pigs.Additionally, an improved method of preparation of iodination of Protein A is utilized. This procedure used the Bolton-Hunter (1973) reagent of radioactive iodine in benzene which carrier is evaporated.

Abstract: A method for the simultaneous immunochemical assay of trace components in a sample involving competitively reacting the antigens or antibodies in a sample and labeled antigens or labeled antibodies for limited binding sites. The labels are spectral sensitizing dyes. The reaction products are contacted with silver halide and exposed to light having wavelengths corresponding to the absorption spectra of the spectral sensitizing dyes.

Abstract: Method for measuring agglutinating reaction by checking an agglutinates pattern caused by immunological agglutinating reaction while using a reaction vessel having at least one smooth recess formed on an inner sidewall surface thereof. After reaction liquid is placed therein, the reaction vessel is rotated about an axis thereof, so as to accelerate the agglutinating reaction by collecting corpuscles of the liquid in the recess. If the agglutinating reaction occurs, agglutinates released from the recess quickly sediment on the bottom of the reaction vessel to form an agglutinates pattern to be detected.

Abstract: A method for the quantitative determination of renin activity in blood utilizing the measurement of Angiotensin I by treating the blood with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and the plasma with phenylmethyl sulfonylfluoride (PMSF) at a preferred pH to ascertain the full range of concentration where PMSF is effective for accurate and quick determination.Also, a method for the quantitative determination of renin activity in blood utilizing the measurement of Angiotensin I by incubating the samples after antibody addition at room temperature (23.degree. to 30.degree. C.) for 1 to 2 hours and separating the free from the antibody bound species with polyethylene glycol after having treated the blood with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and the plasma with phenylmethyl sulfonylfluoride (PMSF) at a preferred pH.

Abstract: This invention relates to a highly accurate, rapid and simple estimation of thyroxine (T.sub.4) directly from blood serum and also relates to the accurate measurement of triiodo-L-thyronine (T.sub.3) directly from blood serum. More specifically, the invention relates to a rapid, specific and reliable radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique for measurement of both T.sub.4 and T.sub.3 in unextracted serum. The method requires very small amounts of serum, e.g., 25 microliters (.mu.l) to measure T.sub.4 concentration in nearly all specimens representing clinical states of eu-, hypo- and hyperthyroidism, and 250 .mu.l to measure T.sub.3 concentrations in specimens representing most clinical states.