Abstract: Disclosed is an assay system including a compound comprising an analyte-specific moiety having substituted thereon a polymer comprising plurality of self-quenching emitter moieties and a plurality of isocharged functionality separating the emitter moieties. The present invention provides compounds that overcome the undesirable effects of self-quenching when multiple emitter moieties are used for labelling of assay reagents. Avoidance of this self-quenching phenomenon by the compounds of the invention makes it possible to introduce a more concentrated degree of labelling on to analyte-specific molecules such as oligo nucleotide probes, antibodies and other specific binding proteins and analyte-specific polysaccharides. Therefor, it is possible to effect greater assay sensitivity because the number of labels per recognition molecule(analyte-specific moiety) can be increased beyond the point previously possible without the reduction in signal caused by self-quenching.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the immunoassay of AZT (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine), also known as zidovudine, in biological fluids such as serum, semen, plasma and urine, as well as other body fluids. The invention also includes (1) various novel analogs of AZT useful in preparing immunogens for antibodies to AZT and in preparing labeled AZT, (2) immunogens for antibodies to AZT, (3) monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to AZT, (4) labeled AZT analogs and (5) diagnostic test kits for the immunoassay.

Abstract: Disclosed is a substantially optically pure hapten, useful in an immunoassay for dextropropoxyphene and/or nordextropropoxyphene. The hapten corresponds to a specified structural formula (IX).Also disclosed is an immunogen derived from the hapten as well as an antibody raised in response to an immunogen derived from the hapten.Also disclosed is a fluorescent tracer derived from a substantially optically pure compound corresponding to the hapten, the tracer being useful in an immunoassay for dextropropoxyphene and/or nordextropropoxyphene.Also disclosed is an improved immunoassay for determining dextropropoxyphene and/or nordextropropoxyphene in a biological sample involving a step of contacting the sample with antibodies raised in response to the immunogen.

Abstract: Cross-linked labelled antibody conjugates are described which have at least one non-disulphide interchain bridge. The bridge may be the residue of a homo- or heterofunctional cross-linking reagent, and is located away from the antigen binding domains of the antibody. The antibody conjugates have an enhanced binding capacity and in vivo have good blood clearance and, in the presence of a tumour high tumour: blood and tumour: bone ratios. The conjugates are of use in the diagnosis and therapy of e.g. tumours and may be prepared by reaction of a cross-linking reagent with an antibody.

Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies which bind (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-arabinofuranosyluracil and/or immunologically related compounds, hybrid cell lines which produce these monoclonal antibodies, and immunoassay methods for detecting (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-arabinofuranosyluracil and/or immunologically related compounds using these monoclonal antibodies.

Abstract: A method for detecting a prokaryotic organism while in the presence of or associated with a eukaryotic organism which comprises selectively hybridizing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences of the prokaryotic organism with a detectably labelled prokaryotic rRNA information-containing hybridization probe; and detecting the label on the probe.

Abstract: A derivatized 1-amino-1-deoxyoligosaccharide prepared by reacting, at a pH of at least 6.5, a glycopeptide or glycoprotein containing one or more Asn-linked oligosaccharides with a .beta.-aspartylglycosylamine amidohydrolase, and contacting the products with an electrophilic reagent.

Abstract: The LTD.sub.4 receptor has been defined by radioligand binding studies as a member of the family of G-protein coupled receptors. A photoactivable azido derivative of LTD.sub.4 ([.sup.125 I]Azido-LTD.sub.4) has been synthesized for use as a photoaffinity probe. Photoactivation of ([.sup.125 I]Azido-LTD.sub.4 under equilibrium binding conditions revealed the selective radiolabeling of a 45 kDa protein in guinea-pig lung membranes, as visualized by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulae, ##STR1## are provided where L is a linking group of the formula, ##STR2## is --Sn(n--C.sub.4 H.sub.9).sub.3 or --Sn(CH.sub.3).sub.3, HgCl or --N.sub.2.sup.+ ; R is hydrogen, methyl, mono-, di- or oligosaccharide; and R' is methyl. The compounds are site-specifically halogenated or radiohalogenated at the A group and coupled with macromolecules such as monoclonal antibodies, peptides or other proteins.

Abstract: A new series of bifunctional chelating agents useful for attaching metal ions to proteins, polypeptides and other polymers and methods for their preparation are described. These reagents are unique in their ability to bind a variety of metal ions and to yield a high metal ion concentration per protein molecule. Using these methods polymeric analogs of these bifunctional chelating agents called Starburst ligands can also be obtained. Protein metal chelates thus obtained will have useful radiophysical, chemical, fluorescent, photochemical and magnetic properties suitable for biomedical applications.

Abstract: Methods, compounds, compositions and kits that relate to pretargeted delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents are disclosed. In particular, methods for radiometal labeling of biotin and for improved radiohalogenation of biotin, as well as related compounds, are described.

Abstract: Derivatives comprising two hydrophilic haptens and an effector group comprising a radioactive isotope or known to be able to be labelled by a radioactive isotope or comprising an active principle or known to be able to bind an active principle, linked by a connecting bridge application to diagnosis and to therapeutics, diagnostic or therapeutic kits and immunological reagents containing them.

Abstract: A method of assay for isotopically exchangeable analytes is disclosed. Analytes are labeled by enzymatic exchange of a hydrogen atom of the analyte and a deuterium or tritium atom. Preferably, analytes are labeled by reaction with an oxidant, a reducing agent which contains a deuterium or tritium atom, and an enzyme capable of catalyzing the reversible exchange of a hydrogen atom between the analyte, the oxidant, and the reducing agent. Kits for conveniently performing the assay methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for preparing phycobiliprotein/amine-reactive dye conjugates is disclosed in which the conjugates so prepared overcome the energy transfer/fluorescent quenching dilemma encountered in the use of prior art conjugates. A phycobiliprotein, for example, phycoerythrin or allophycocyanin, is conjugated with an amine-reactive dye, for example, Texas Red or carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester, in the presence of a selective salt which causes a hydrophobic intramolecular rearrangement of the phycobiliprotein thereby exposing more hydrophobic sites for binding to the amine-reactive dye. The conjugates prepared according to the invention are useful in multiple color fluorescence assays without requiring the use of multiple exciting sources.

Abstract: A radioimmunoassay for pyridostigmine in biological fluids. The method disclosed can detect 250 pg of pyridostigmine per ml of biological fluid using 0.1 ml of biological fluid. The antibody used in this method is raised from an antigen produced by diazotizing para-aminobenzoic acid and reacting the diazotized material with pyridostigmine to form a pyridostigmine-hapten solution, which is then reacted with bovine serum albumen. The antibody used in the disclosed method has a cross-reactivity with the major metabolites of pyridostigmine of less than 2%.

Abstract: A radioimmunoassay for physostigmine in biological fluids. The method disclosed can detect 100 pg of physostigmine per ml of biological fluid using 0.1 ml of biological fluid. The antibody used in this method can be raised from an antigen produced by either or two methods--diazotizing para-aminobenzoic acid and reacting the diazotized material with physostigmine to form a physostigmine-hapten solution, which is then reacted with bovine serum albumin or by using a Mannich reaction to directly conjugate physostigmine to bovine serum albumin. The antibody used in the disclosed method has a cross-reactivity with the major metabolites of physostigmine of less than 1%.

Abstract: New polysubstituted diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid chelates and protein conjugates of the same are described together with the methods of preparing such compounds. A method of delivering radiolabelled compound of the present invention to a target site while minimizing the distribution of the compound to non-targeted organs or tissues is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for removing unbound labeling reagent from a composition comprising bound and unbound labeling reagent is described. Lilo-matrix conjugate capable of binding unbound labeling reagent is contacted with a biomolecule labeling reaction mixture and then the labeled biomolecule essentially free of unbound labeling reagent is removed.

Abstract: Ligand reagents are disclosed which consist essentially of recombinant hyperglycosylated cytokines, expressed in yeast, which are purified and conjugated to various functional moieties, for example, biotin groups, via oligosaccharide residues.

Abstract: The invention pertains to terpyridine compounds having structure (I). These compounds form fluorescent lanthanide chelates with the appropriate metal ions. The fluorescent metal chelates are useful as probes in time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.

Abstract: A system or method for identifying and/or designing novel peptides and polypeptides comprising an amino acid sequence which mimics the molecular recognition site of either (a) a macromolecule such as an immunoglobulin, an enzyme, a receptor protein, a lectin or other binding protein or (b) a small molecule or a small region of a large molecule which functions as a ligand and is recognized and binds specifically to a macromolecule is disclosed. Novel peptides and polypeptides as well as conjugates of the peptides and polypeptides are also disclosed. Applications for use of the peptides, polypeptides and conjugates in a wide range of fields such as biomedicine; biological control and pest regulation; agriculture; cosmetics; environmental control and waste management; chemistry; catalysis; nutrition and food industries; military uses; climate control, etc. are disclosed.

Abstract: Novel bifunctional hydroxyphenylazobenzoic acid analogues (HABA-type and conjugates) and biotin analogues probiotin-type conjugates) useful as reagents in assays employing catalyzed reporter deposition are described as well as intermediates useful in synthesizing these compounds.

Abstract: Methods for rapidly labeling sulfhydryl-containing antibodies or fragments with technetium or rhenium radioisotopes are disclosed. The method generally involves combining an aqueous mixture of the radiometal in an oxidized form, a reducing agent and a water-soluble polyhydroxycarbonylic acid ligand to form a stable complex of the radiometal in its reduced state and contacting the mixture with the sulfhydryl-containing antibody or fragment to produce a radiometal-labeled antibody or fragment.

Abstract: A trifunctional conjugate is provided having three chemical moieties, attached through a spacer moiety. At least two of the chemical moieties are relatively small molecules, usually less than about 7,000 Daltons in size. The spacer moiety is selected to impart certain steric properties to the conjugate. In one embodiment, the binding of a macromolecular specific binding partner to one of the chemical mouths sterically inhibits the binding of a different macromolecule to another chemical moiety. In another embodiment, the binding of a first chemical moiety to a macromolecule restricts the subsequent binding of a second chemical moiety to a proximate location on the same macromolecule.

Abstract: A screening assay for recognizing the presence of dioxins (and other related toxins) in a sample is disclosed. In one aspect of the invention, Ah receptor from mice and a radioactively labelled halogenated dioxin are used in a competitive binding assay to test for the presence of toxins. The label is .sup.125 I substituted directly on the main dioxin structure. The relative binding of the toxin in the samples (in competition with labelled dioxin) for Ah receptor can be compared against standard curves. A kit is provided for running such an assay and a preferred .sup.125 I ligand is provided.

Abstract: New and useful chromophores have been isolated from the reaction mixture of proteins exposed to reducing sugars in the presence of sulfite over time. The chromophores are believed to be intermediates in nonenzymatic polypeptide glycosylation. The measurement of this chromophore makes possible both qualitative and quantitative assessment of the presence of nonenzymatic browning. Diagnostic and test kits are also disclosed.

Abstract: An immunoassay for trichothecenes that have at least three hydroxyl groups at specified positions is disclosed. It relies on developing antibodies to close trichothecene variants that are missing at least one of the hydroxyl groups, and then using these antibodies to test specimens in which the trichothecene has been converted to the variant (usually to the OAC variant). For example, DON and T-2 tetraol can be assayed for using this invention.

Abstract: Human tumor associated Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen is purified from adenocarcinoma conditioned media, adenocarcinoma cell detergent extracts or plural effusion fluid by affinity chromatography using an insolubilized TF-specific monoclonal antibody, MAb 49H.8. The TF antigen is a glycoprotein characterized by a non-cryptic Gal .beta.(1.fwdarw.3) GalNAc epitope, a molecular weight in excess of 1,000,000 daltons, and extractability with perchloric acid, the epitope being sensitive to alkali and periodate but resistant to acid. A heterologous sandwich immunoassay has been developed for human TF antigen using a monoclonal antibody as the catcher and labelled peanut agglutinin as the probe. Since human TF antigen is shed by tumor cells, a positive determination of the TF antigen in a patient sample indicates the presence of cancer.

Abstract: A method for determining pregnancy in a dog or cat, as well as a method for distinguishing between pseudopregnancy and actual pregnancy in a dog or cat which methods comprise measuring relaxin levels in bodily fluids or tissues which carry relaxin early in pregnancy, the presence of significant amounts of relaxin being indicative of pregnancy.

Abstract: A sensitive and general method of post-separation detection and quantification of chemical compounds is described. The method involves separation of unlabeled compounds by chromatography, electrophoresis or other means and selective binding of the separated compounds to ligands containing highly neutron-activatable elements, followed by neutron irradiation. The neutron-activatable elements are converted to their radiation-emitting isotopes by neutron absorption, and detection is done by autoradiography, fluorography or other means of radiation detection. The theoretical sensitivity of the method is in the attomole (10.sup.-18 mole) range.

Abstract: The invention concerns antigens for the production of antibodies to Platelet Activating Factor (PAF). The antigens are PAF analogues of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein X comprises a high molecular weight group, R.sup.1 is a linking group and R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 are selected from C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl.Other aspects of the invention include PAF-antibodies produced using said antigens, labelled PAF analogues, intermediates for the preparation of PAF analogues and methods and a kit for the immunoassay of PAF.

Abstract: A protein containing at least one pendant sulfhydryl group is directly radiolabeled with a radiometal which binds tightly to sulfhydryl groups, using one or more pendant sulfhydral groups on the protein as endogenous ligands and optionally using an exogenous ligand which binds tightly to the radiometal ion to further stabilize the chelate.

Abstract: Substantially pure modified .beta..sub.2 -microglobulin (m.beta..sub.2 m) of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is 24-amino acid residue, with the sequence Ile-Gln-Arg-Thr-Pro-Lys-Ile-Gln-Val-Tyr-Ser-Arg-His-Pro-Ala-Glu-Asn-Gly-Ly s-Ser-Asn-Phe-Leu-Asn, R.sub.2 is a 30-amino acid residue with the sequence Tyr-Val-Ser-Gly-Phe-His-Pro-Ser-Asp-Ile-Glu-Val-Asp-Leu-Leu-Lys-Asn-Gly-Gl u-Arg-Ile-Gly-Lys-Val-Glu-His-Ser-Asp-Leu-Ser, R.sub.3 is a 20-amino acid residue with the sequence Trp-Ser-Phe-Tyr-Leu-Leu-Tyr-Tyr-Glu-Phe-Thr-Pro-Thr-Glu-Lys-Asp-Glu-Tyr-Al a, R.sub.4 is a 19-amino acid residue with the sequence Arg-Val-Asn-His-Val-Thr-Leu-Ser-Gln-Pro-Lys-Ile-Val-Lys-Trp-Asp-Arg-Asp-Me t, X is Phe, Phe-Ser, or Phe-Ser-Lys, and Y is Asp, Lys-Asp, or Ser-Lys-Asp is disclosed. The presence of the protein in body fluids is a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker for the development of a variety of disorders such as different types of cancer and diseases involving the immune system. Also disclosed are specific anti-m.

Abstract: A substance-conjugated complement component C1q is provided. A substance such as signal emitting substances or cell function regulating substances is conjugated via a sulfur atom to at least one site of the component. The site is not involved in binding immunoglobulins. A marker-labelled complement component C1q is used for measuring a complement-binding antibody, an antigen, a neutralizing antibody or a substance produced internally of and at the surface of a cell or a microorganism by measuring the marker.

Abstract: Novel isomers or mixtures of isomers of radioactive pyrethrinoids marked with iodine of the formula ##STR1## wherein X.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of halogen and --CF.sub.3, X.sub.2 is a halogen, R is the residue of an amino acid of the formula R--NH.sub.2 or a derivative thereof containing an iodine acceptor group and marked with iodine.sup.125 or iodine.sup.131, process for their preparation and intermediates and their use in radioimmunological determination.

Abstract: New and useful chromophores have been isolated from the reaction mixture of proteins exposed to reducing sugars in the presence of sulfite over time. The chromophores are believed to be intermediates in nonenzymatic polypeptide glycosylation. The measurement of this chromophore makes possible both qualitative and quantitative assessment of the presence of nonenzymatic browning. Diagnostic and test kits are also disclosed.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are disclosed for multiple simultaneous assays of different analytes using radioactive labeled antibodies to the analytes, at least one portion of the assay being an immunoradiometric assay in which there is employed a metal isotope label, e.g., .sup.57 Co, attached to an antibody to the analyte through a chelator, e.g., ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Multiple simultaneous immunoradiometric assays can be performed by this method, as can multiple simultaneous assays in which one portion of the assay is an immunoradiometric assay and another portion or portions involve one or more other radioassay techniques.

Abstract: Synthetic polypeptides having influenza virus antigenic properties are disclosed. These polypeptides correspond substantially to particular regions in the matrix protein of influenza virus. Salts, derivatives, and conjugates of these polypeptides are disclosed as well as methods for using these materials for diagnostic and medical/veterinary purposes.

Abstract: Peptide fragments of certain apolipoproteins have been found to be both immunogenic and capable of eliciting antibodies with highly apolipoprotein-specific immunoreactivity. These antibodies, in labeled and unlabeled form, as well as the labeled synthetic peptide fragments, are useful in the production of immunodiagnostic procedures and kits for quantitating type-specific apolipoproteins. Both competitive assays and immunometric assays are disclosed.

Abstract: A purified common antigen for colorectal and mucinous ovarian cancer (COTA) is provided which is antigenically distinct from CSAp, CEA and Ca 19-9. The COTA antigen is useful for producing a COTA antibody which is nonreactive with CSAp, CEA or Ca 19-9.

Abstract: Methods and materials for preparing specific binding reagents with a multiplicity of relatively noninterfering label moieties are described. By spacing the labels at the surface of a specific reagent with bulking agent, increased sensitivity can be achieved without interference between individual labeling entities.

Abstract: A secondary antibody capable of stabilizing the binding of a small molecule to its binding protein is described which secondary antibody is capable of binding said binding protein in the presence of an in the absence of the small molecule but is not capable of binding said small molecule in the absence of binding protein. Such antibodies may be obtained by forming a complex between a small molecule and its binding protein, using the complex to raise antibodies and selecting the antibodies. The antibodies may be used in competitive assays in which it is desired to improve the binding of a small molecule or labelled small molecule to its binding protein.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an improved method based on hormone-receptor binding for the determination of follicle stimulating hormone and to improved reagents useful for the determination of follicle stimulating hormone in a hormone-receptor binding assay.

Abstract: A method of controlling weight in a mammal and diagnosing, treating, and preventing disorders associated with delta-type opioid receptors comprising administering to the mammal a receptor probe or a weight control agent for inhibiting weight gain. The receptor probe or weight control agent may comprise certain azine, thiosemicarbazone, or N,N'-disubstituted thiourea derivatives of nonpeptide opioid antagonists.

Abstract: Proteinaceous, antigenic factor derived from a group C Streptococcus which is receptor for the Fc region of IgG, a method for its preparation and immunoassay and antigen detection methods employing the receptor.

Abstract: A method for determining the quantity of an antibody in a sample, the method having the steps of: (1) providing a labelled antigen to the antibody; (2) contacting the labelled antigen with the sample in solution to form a labelled antigen-antibody complex; (3) providing an agent for precipitating the complex; (4) mixing the solution containing the labelled antigen-antibody complex with the precipitating agent to produce a precipitate and a supernatant; the supernatant containing labelled antigen and the precipitate containing the labelled antigen-antibody complex and uncomplexed labelled antigen; and (5) measuring the quantity of label in the precipitate or the supernatant in a manner substantially independent of the amount of uncomplexed labelled antigen in the precipitate.

Abstract: A novel competitive assay for theophylline wherein caffeine-like (7-substituted) labeled conjugates are used to detect the presence and/or amount of theophylline present in a test sample. The use of such conjugates in a competitive assay for theophylline results in improved sensitivity of the assay method. Where the assay method is a nephelometric or turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay procedure, the assay was found to be less temperature dependent than prior art immunoassays.

Abstract: Hybridoma for production of monoclonal antibody to an antigen found on the peptide fragment of the B.beta. chain of human fibrinogen or fibrin I containing amino acid residues 1-42. The hybridoma is formed by fusing an animal myeloma cell, e.g., mouse myeloma cell, with a splenocyte from an animal, e.g., a mouse, immunized with an NH.sub.2 -terminal of human fibrinogen or fibrin I. Hybridoma for production of monoclonal antibody to an antigen found on the peptide fragment of the B.beta. chain of human fibrin II containing amino acid residues 15-42. The hybridoma is formed by fusing an animal, e.g., mouse myeloma cell with a splenocyte from an animal, e.g., mouse, immunized with a NH.sub.2 -terminal of human fibrin II. Diagnostic and therapeutic uses of the monoclonal antibodies are also disclosed.

Abstract: Method for labelling amine-containing compounds like proteins with a metal, particularly technetium-99m comprising reacting metal ions in an acidic medium with a compound represented by formulae (I) or (II), wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, alkanyl etc. to form a reactive intermediate compound and thereafter reacting said reactive intermediate compound with the amine-containing compound to be labeled. This kind of labeled amine-containing compounds have beneficial properties in immuno-diagnostic and therapeutic applications, particularly when they are used in vivo.

Abstract: The performance of double receptor, specific binding assays is improved by use of a receptor complex having the structureA.sub.BL (BL).sub.n A.sub.1wherein BL is a binding ligand, A.sub.BL is a receptor specific for binding ligand, A.sub.1 is a receptor, BL is covalently bonded to A.sub.1 and A.sub.BL is reversibly bonded to BL. Generally A.sub.BL is absorbed onto an insoluble surface and A.sub.1 is an antibody to the substance being assayed. The complex has particular utility in coated tube and rechargeable radioimmunoassay systems.