Abstract: A system and method for treating a plant structure (bulbs, corms, tubers, rhizomes, buds, cuttings and whole plants) with low-temperature plasma to increase one or more growth and development characteristic of the plant and reduce microbial attacks. The plasma device is a portable or mobile plasma device powered by a DC or high-frequency power source. The plant structure is inserted into an enclosure containing the plasma. Alternatively, the plasma device is moved to treat the whole plant structure.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate having a source region and a drain region, a first insulator between the source region and the drain region, a gate electrode having a first end on a side thereof closer to the source region than the drain region on a portion of the semiconductor substrate that is not covered with the first insulator, and having a second end on the first insulator closer to the drain region than the source region, and a second insulator that is continuous with the second end of the gate electrode and having a portion which is on the first insulator where the first insulator is not covered with the gate electrode, is on an end of the drain region, and is in contact with the gate electrode, the first insulator, and the drain region.

Abstract: A component sensor detects a fluid component with improved accuracy. The component sensor includes tube (3) including tube side (4) that permits inflow of fluid (2), substrate (5) provided to tube (3), first protrusion (6) provided at one end of substrate (5), second protrusion (7) provided at another end of substrate (5), light emitter (9) that emits infrared light (8) toward first protrusion (6), and light receiver (10) that receives infrared light (8). Infrared light (8) entering substrate (5) through first protrusion (6) experiences total reflection inside substrate (5) and exits through second protrusion (7) to head for light receiver (10). Tube side (4) includes two through holes (13) that each extend between an interior and an exterior of tube (3).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides biochips and methods of fabricating biochips. The method includes combining three portions: a transparent substrate, a first substrate with microfluidic channels therein, and a second substrate. Through-holes for inlet and outlet are formed in the transparent substrate or the second substrate. Various non-organic landings with support medium for bio-materials to attach are formed on the first substrate and the second substrate before they are combined. In other embodiments, the microfluidic channel is formed of an adhesion layer between a transparent substrate and a second substrate with landings on the substrates.

Abstract: Described herein are tissues containing semiconductor nanomaterials. In some embodiments, the tissues include vascular cells, cardiomyocytes, and/or cardiac fibroblasts. The tissue may be scaffold-free. In some embodiments, the tissue includes an electrically conductive network. The tissue may exhibit synchronized electrical signal propagation within the tissue. In some embodiments, the tissue exhibits increased functional assembly of cardiac cells and/or increased cardiac specific functions compared to a cardiac tissue prepared using a conventional tissue culture method. Methods of preparing and using such tissues are also described herein.

Abstract: An article of manufacture comprising doped, colloidal nanostructures that are configured to have a plasmonic response to light of a first resonance wavelength.

Abstract: A gas phase nanowire growth apparatus including a reaction chamber, a first input and a second input. The first input is located concentrically within the second input and the first and second input are configured such that a second fluid delivered from the second input provides a sheath between a first fluid delivered from the first input and a wall of the reaction chamber.

Abstract: In electronic devices, as a result of miniaturization, the distance between a mounting board and an upper board or a shield case and the like, or the distance between the mounting board and other electronic components mounted adjacent thereto has become smaller. An electronic component is provided with: an element body internally containing a circuit element; and a terminal formed on the element body. The terminal is formed over an end surface of the element body and a surface adjacent to the end surface. An insulating film covering the terminal is formed on the element body. The terminal is exposed from the insulating film at least at a mounting surface of the element body, and a plating film containing tin is formed on a portion of the terminal exposed from the insulating film.

Abstract: Provided herein are polymeric compositions having a relaxation time that is a function of pH. The polymeric compositions can include an anionic monomer, a cationic monomer, and a crosslinker. The crosslinker may comprise at least one of a diacrylate crosslinker and a dimethacrylate crosslinker. Also provided herein are methods of pH sensing, and methods of forming a polymeric composition. Kits of parts also are provided that include a polymeric composition. The polymeric compositions may be used to determine the pH of one or more biological tissues and/or liquids.

Abstract: Complexity of a geometry of a desired (i.e., target) three-dimensional (3D) object being produced by an additive manufacturing system, as well as atypical behavior of the processes employed by such a system, pose challenges for producing a final version of the desired 3D object with fidelity relative to the desired object. An example embodiment enables such challenges to be overcome as a function of feedback to enable the final version to be produced with fidelity. The feedback may be at least one value that is associated with at least one characteristic of a printed object following processing of the printed object. Such feedback may be obtained as part of a calibration process of the 3D printing system or as part of an operational process of the 3D printing system.

Abstract: A solid-state image sensor includes: a pixel array that includes first pixels, each having first and second photoelectric conversion units, and second pixels, each having third and fourth photoelectric conversion units; first to fourth transfer gates via which a signal charge respectively generated in the first to fourth photoelectric conversion units is respectively transferred to first to fourth charge voltage conversion units. At least one of a gate width, a gate length and an installation position of at least one transfer gate among the first to fourth transfer gates is altered to achieve uniformity in voltage conversion efficiency at the first to fourth charge voltage conversion units.

Abstract: A method for forming an image sensor package and an image sensor package are provided. The method includes: providing a first substrate and a second substrate which includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and attaching either surface of the first substrate with the first surface of the second substrate with an adhesive layer; forming a groove at the second surface of the second substrate; providing a base which includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, where the first surface of the base is provided with a sensing region and multiple contact pads; and attaching the second surface of the second substrate with the first surface of the base, where a cavity is formed between the groove and the base, and the sensing region is located within the cavity.

Abstract: Provided herein is a moisture barrier film for packaging, such as tobacco or cigarette packaging. The film comprises polylactic acid (“PLA”) that is both biodegradable and transparent. The film includes multiple layers of PLA, with a base layer having a relatively high melting point compared to two outer layers, which have a relatively low melting point. The outer layers provide heat sealing capabilities to the film. The film is coated with a metal oxide layer comprised of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and/or aluminum-titanium oxide using an atomic layer deposition (“ALD”) coating method. The ALD coating to the PLA film results in a moisture transmission rate of less than 4 g/m2/day after the film has been subjected to creasing, which induces cracking of the ALD metal oxide layer.

Abstract: A composite electronic component includes a capacitor component and an inductor component. A capacitor body has a first end face and a second end face that are opposed to each other in a longitudinal direction and a first side face. At least one of capacitor outer electrodes is provided on the first end face of the capacitor body. An inductor body has a first end face and a second end face that are opposed to each other in the longitudinal direction and a first side face. At least one of inductor outer electrodes is provided on the first end face of the inductor body. The first side face of the capacitor body is opposed to the first side face of the inductor body, and the first end face of the capacitor body and the first end face of the inductor body are positioned in the same direction.

Abstract: A device for interfacing coatings, the device comprising at least one well each comprising an elastomeric bottom surface. At least one slit is formed on the elastomeric bottom surface. At least one removable divider is removably inserted into the at least one slit, whereby at least one gap is created and the at least one well is divided into at least two compartments. A designated coating is lined on the elastomeric bottom surface of each of the at least two compartments. Removal of the at least one removable divider then causes the at least one gap to close, allowing for the designated coatings lined on the elastomeric bottom surface of each of the at least two compartments to interface with each other.

Abstract: A thin film and a method of making a thin film. The thin film comprises a patterned substrate, a smooth film of electric field tuned quantum dots solution positioned on the patterned substrate, and a thin layer of metal positioned on the thin film. The method begins by drop-casting a quantum dots solution onto a patterned substrate to create a thin film. While the quantum dots solution is drying, a linearly increasing electric filed is applied. The thin film is then placed in a deposition chamber and a thin layer of metal is deposited onto the thin film. Also included are a method of measuring the photoinduced charge transfer (PCT) rate in a quantum dot nanocomposite film and methods of forming a Shottky barrier on a transparent ITO electrode of a quantum dot film.

Abstract: A solidified body forming step includes: a first step of landing a processing surface of a cooling member on a liquid film to solidify the liquid to be solidified located in an area sandwiched between an upper surface and the processing surface; and a second step of releasing the processing surface from the solidified area solidified in the first step. The processing surface has a lower temperature than a freezing point of the liquid to be solidified. Adhesion between the solidified area and the processing surface is smaller than that between the solidified area and the upper surface.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a memory device, the method including forming a first magnetization layer; forming a tunnel barrier layer on the first magnetization layer; forming a second magnetization layer on the tunnel barrier layer; forming a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) structure by patterning the first magnetization layer, the tunnel barrier layer, and the second magnetization layer; and forming a boron oxide in a sidewall of the MTJ structure by implanting boron.

Abstract: A bearing component having a ceramic surface, the ceramic surface including a plurality of pores, and at least some of the pores are at least partially filled with a resin comprising a resole phenolic resin.

Abstract: A solid-state image sensor includes: a pixel array that includes first pixels, each having first and second photoelectric conversion units, and second pixels, each having third and fourth photoelectric conversion units; first to fourth transfer gates via which a signal charge respectively generated in the first to fourth photoelectric conversion units is respectively transferred to first to fourth charge voltage conversion units. At least one of a gate width, a gate length and an installation position of at least one transfer gate among the first to fourth transfer gates is altered to achieve uniformity in voltage conversion efficiency at the first to fourth charge voltage conversion units.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming a nitride film on a substrate to be processed (“processing target substrate”) in a processing container. The method includes an adsorption step of supplying a precursor gas including a silicon-containing gas into the processing container, and adsorbing a molecule of the precursor gas onto a surface of the processing target substrate, and a reaction step of supplying a reaction gas including a nitrogen- and hydrogen-containing gas while supplying microwaves from an antenna to generate plasma of the reaction gas just above the processing target substrate, and performing a plasma processing, by the generated plasma, on a surface of the substrate to be processed on which the molecule of the precursor gas has been adsorbed.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor structure includes the following steps. A temporary bonding layer is used to adhere a carrier to a first surface of a wafer. A second surface of the wafer is adhered to an ultraviolet tape on a frame, and the temporary bonding layer and the carrier are removed. A protection tape is adhered to the first surface of the wafer. An ultraviolet light is used to irradiate the ultraviolet tape. A dicing tape is adhered to the protection tape and the frame, and the ultraviolet tape is removed. A first cutter is used to dice the wafer from the second surface of the wafer, such that plural chips and plural gaps between the chips are formed. A second cutter with a width smaller than the width of the first cutter is used to cut the protection tape along the gaps.

Abstract: A structure for a chemical sensing device, the structure comprising at least one electrically conductive element located in, and protruding from, at least one recess. A method of manufacturing the structure includes: (a) providing a template comprising at least one recess having a recess depth; (b) providing an electrically conductive material in the at least one recess; and (c) removing part of the template to decrease the recess depth of the at least one recess, thereby forming said protruding at least one electrically conductive element.

Abstract: Kinked nanowires are used for measuring electrical potentials inside simple cells. An improved intracellular entrance is achieved by modifying the kinked nanowires with phospholipids.

Abstract: An image sensor package and image sensor chip capable of being slenderized while enhancing the reliability with respect to physical impact are provided. The image sensor package includes an image sensor chip provided with a pixel domain at a central portion of an upper surface thereof, a substrate disposed at an upper side of the image sensor chip so as to be flip-chip bonded with respect to the image sensor chip, provided with a hole formed at a position corresponding to the pixel domain, and formed of organic material, a printed circuit board at which the substrate provided with the image sensor chip bonded thereto is mounted, and a solder ball configured to electrically connect the substrate to the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a nanoshell is disclosed. The method comprises coating a nanometric core made of a first material by a second material, to form a core-shell nanostructure and applying non-chemical treatment to the core-shell nanostructure so as to at least partially remove the nanometric core, thereby fabricating a nanoshell. The disclosed nanoshell can be used in the fabrication of transistors, optical devices (such as CCD and CMOS sensors), memory devices and energy storage devices.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides biochips and methods of fabricating biochips. The method includes combining three portions: a transparent substrate, a first substrate with microfluidic channels therein, and a second substrate. Through-holes for inlet and outlet are formed in the transparent substrate or the second substrate. Various non-organic landings with support medium for bio-materials to attach are formed on the first substrate and the second substrate before they are combined. In other embodiments, the microfluidic channel is formed of an adhesion layer between a transparent substrate and a second substrate with landings on the substrates.

Abstract: Provided is a photoelectric conversion element including a photoconductor containing a complex of a conductive polymer and/or polymer semiconductor and a protein containing at least one dye having a long-lived excited state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an article fabrication system having a plurality of material deposition tools containing one or more materials useful in fabricating the article, and a material deposition device having a tool interface for receiving one of the material deposition tools. A system controller is operably connected to the material deposition device to control operation of the material deposition device. Also disclosed is a method of fabricating an article using the system of the invention and a method of fabricating a living three-dimensional structure.

Abstract: A transistor includes at least one conductive layer, at least one gate dielectric layer and at least one semiconducting film deposited on top of a receptor molecule layer previously deposited or covalently linked to the surface of the gate dielectric. The layer of biological material includes single or double layers of phospholipids, layers made of proteins such as receptors, antibodies, ionic channels and enzymes, single or double layers of phospholipids with inclusion or anchoring of proteins such as: receptors, antibodies, ionic channels and enzymes, layers made of oligonucleotide (DNA, RNA, PNA) probes, layers made of cells or viruses, layers made of synthetic receptors for example molecules or macromolecules similar to biological receptors for properties, reactivity or steric aspects.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides biochips and methods of fabricating biochips. The method includes combining three portions: a transparent substrate, a first substrate with microfluidic channels therein, and a second substrate. Through-holes for inlet and outlet are formed in the transparent substrate or the second substrate. Various non-organic landings with support medium for bio-materials to attach are formed on the first substrate and the second substrate before they are combined. In other embodiments, the microfluidic channel is formed of an adhesion layer between a transparent substrate and a second substrate with landings on the substrates.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides biochips and methods of fabricating biochips. The method includes combining three portions: a transparent substrate, a first substrate with microfluidic channels therein, and a second substrate. Through-holes for inlet and outlet are formed in the transparent substrate or the second substrate. Various non-organic landings with support medium for bio-materials to attach are formed on the first substrate and the second substrate before they are combined. In other embodiments, the microfluidic channel is formed of an adhesion layer between a transparent substrate and a second substrate with landings on the substrates.

Abstract: A method of detecting a detection target using a sensor requires a sensor having a transistor selected from the group of field-effect transistors or single electron transistors. The transistor includes a substrate, a source electrode disposed on the substrate and a drain electrode disposed on the substrate, and a channel forming a current path between the source electrode and the drawing electrode; an interaction-sensing gate comprising a specific substance; and a voltage gate. The method includes (a) providing the detection target on the interaction-sensing gate; (b) setting the gate voltage in the voltage gate at a predetermined level; (c) selectively interacting the specific substance with the detection target; (d) when the detection target interacts with the specific substance, changing a gate voltage in the voltage gate to adjust a characteristic of the transistor; and (e) measuring a change in the characteristic of the transistor to determine a presence of the detection target.

Abstract: A conductivity type of a protein semiconductor is controlled by controlling total amount of charge in amino acid residues, a p-type protein semiconductor or an n-type protein semiconductor is manufactured, and a pn junction is manufactured using the p-type protein semiconductor and the n-type protein semiconductor. The total amount of charge in amino acid residues is controlled by substituting one or more of an acidic amino acid residue, a basic amino acid residue, and a neutral amino acid residue, which are contained in protein, with an amino acid residue having different properties, chemically modifying one or more of an acidic amino acid residue, a basic amino acid residue, and a neutral amino acid residue, which are contained in the protein, or controlling polarity of a medium surrounding the protein.

Abstract: The NH3 plasma treatment by remote plasma is firstly proposed to replace the covalent bonding process during surface modification procedure that for amine bond generation.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention provides a self-assembled quantum computer including a plurality of quantum dots coupled by binding domains. Another aspect of the invention provides a method of self-assembling a quantum computer. The method includes: providing a plurality of quantum dots, each of the quantum dots coupled to between one and six binding domains; and facilitating coupling of the quantum dots through the binding domains, thereby self-assembling a quantum computer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a protein transistor device, wherein an antibody molecule (antibody-antigen) is bonded to at least two gold nanoparticles in a high reproducible self-assembly way to form molecular junctions, and wherein the two gold nanoparticles are respectively joined to a drain and a source. The protein transistor device can be controlled to regulate current via applying a bias to the gate. The conformational change of the protein molecule will cause the variation of the charge transport characteristics of the protein transistor device. The protein transistor device can be further controlled by different optical fields via conjugating a quantum dot to the molecular junctions. Therefore, the present invention has diversified applications.

Abstract: A method for differentiating between variations of an apparatus design is provided. The method includes digitally characterizing at least two aspects of a first expression wherein the at least two aspects include at least logical data and physical data relating to the first expression, and digitally characterizing the at least two next aspects of at least one next expression other than the first expression wherein the at least two next aspects include at least logical data and physical data relating to the at least one next design expression. The method further includes identifying selected differences between the at least two aspects and the at least two next aspects and displaying the first expression and at least one of the at least one next expression in a visual display wherein the selected differences are presented using at least one visually identifiable distinction.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to nanoscale wires and tissue engineering. Systems and methods are provided in various embodiments for preparing cell scaffolds that can be used for growing cells or tissues, where the cell scaffolds comprise nanoscale wires. In some cases, the nanoscale wires can be connected to electronic circuits extending externally of the cell scaffold. Such cell scaffolds can be used to grow cells or tissues which can be determined and/or controlled at very high resolutions, due to the presence of the nanoscale wires, and such cell scaffolds will find use in a wide variety of novel applications, including applications in tissue engineering, prosthetics, pacemakers, implants, or the like. This approach thus allows for the creation of fundamentally new types of functionalized cells and tissues, due to the high degree of electronic control offered by the nanoscale wires and electronic circuits.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a protein transistor device, wherein an antibody molecule (antibody-antigen) is bonded to at least two gold nanoparticles in a high reproducible self-assembly way to form molecular junctions, and wherein the two gold nanoparticles are respectively joined to a drain and a source. The protein transistor device can be controlled to regulate current via applying a bias to the gate. The conformational change of the protein molecule will cause the variation of the charge transport characteristics of the protein transistor device. The protein transistor device can be further controlled by different optical fields via conjugating a quantum dot to the molecular junctions. Therefore, the present invention has diversified applications.

Abstract: It is aimed to provide a photoelectric conversion device having high adhesion between a first semiconductor layer and an electrode layer as well as high photoelectric conversion efficiency. A photoelectric conversion device comprises an electrode layer, a first semiconductor layer located on the electrode layer and comprising a chalcopyrite-based compound semiconductor of group I-III-VI and oxygen, and a second semiconductor layer located on the first semiconductor layer and forming a pn junction with the first semiconductor layer. In the photoelectric conversion device, the first semiconductor layer has a higher molar concentration of oxygen in a part located on the electrode layer side with respect to a center portion in a lamination direction of the first semiconductor layer than a molar concentration of oxygen in the whole of the first semiconductor layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an article fabrication system having a plurality of material deposition tools containing one or more materials useful in fabricating the article, and a material deposition device having a tool interface for receiving one of the material deposition tools. A system controller is operably connected to the material deposition device to control operation of the material deposition device. Also disclosed is a method of fabricating an article using the system of the invention and a method of fabricating a living three-dimensional structure.

Abstract: A method of forming extremely small pores in a substrate that is used, for example, in patch clamp applications is provided that employs an energy absorbing material beyond a back side of the substrate to allow a laser to be focused adjacent the exit side of the substrate so as to generate a pore through the substrate and can also form a crater in the back side of the substrate and in which the pore may propagate from the crater in a drilling direction that can oppose a laser transmission direction.

Abstract: A method of a general biological approach to synthesizing compact nanotubes using a biological template is described.

Abstract: A field effect transistor device includes: a reservoir bifurcated by a membrane of three layers: two electrically insulating layers; and an electrically conductive gate between the two insulating layers. The gate has a surface charge polarity different from at least one of the insulating layers. A nanochannel runs through the membrane, connecting both parts of the reservoir. The device further includes: an ionic solution filling the reservoir and the nanochannel; a drain electrode; a source electrode; and voltages applied to the electrodes (a voltage between the source and drain electrodes and a voltage on the gate) for turning on an ionic current through the ionic channel wherein the voltage on the gate gates the transportation of ions through the ionic channel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transparent carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode using a conductive dispersant. The transparent CNT electrode comprises a transparent substrate and a CNT thin film formed on a surface the transparent substrate wherein the CNT thin film is formed of a CNT composition comprising CNTs and a doped dispersant. Further disclosed is a method for producing the transparent CNT electrode. The transparent CNT electrode exhibits excellent conductive properties, can be produced in an economical and simple manner by a room temperature wet process, and can be applied to flexible displays. The transparent CNT electrode can be used to fabricate a variety of devices, including image sensors, solar cells, liquid crystal displays, organic electroluminescence (EL) displays and touch screen panels, that are required to have both light transmission properties and conductive properties.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include hybrid quantum dot/protein nanostructure, hybrid quantum dot/protein nanostructure systems, methods of using hybrid quantum dot/protein nanostructures, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a plurality of gold nanoparticles in a plant, the method comprising growing the plant hydroponically, contacting at least a first part of the plant with a substance comprising at least one gold salt, providing an average photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) to at least second part of the plant, waiting a period of time sufficient for formation of a plurality of gold nanoparticles in at least a portion of the plant, thereby manufacturing the plurality of gold nanoparticles in the plant. Disclosed also are, inter alia, a plurality of gold nanoparticles manufactured by such a method; an article of manufacture comprising a plurality of gold nanoparticles manufactured by such a method; and a plurality of triangular gold nanoparticles manufactured by such a method.

Abstract: A method of a general biological approach to synthesizing compact nanotubes using a biological template is described.

Abstract: Methods and systems for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a blood sample and, more particularly, to methods of chemistry patterning reagent layers for multiple well biosensors. A first capillary is first configured to receive a dispensed reagent layer such that the reagent layer is distributed in a substantially uniform manner within the first capillary. The first capillary may also configured to isolate the first capillary from other capillaries present in the biosensor. After the reagent layer has been dispensed and dried, the first capillary may then be reconfigured to allow the first capillary to receive a blood sample.