The Liquid Medium Is, Or Contains, Hydrocarbon Patents (Class 44/281)
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Patent number: 11932820Abstract: A method for producing a lubricating oil composition of the present embodiment includes an irradiation step of irradiating a fullerene solution in which fullerenes are dissolved in a base oil with radiation, in which the above-described radiation is ultraviolet light or ionizing radiation.Type: GrantFiled: April 23, 2020Date of Patent: March 19, 2024Assignees: Resonac Corporation, MITSUBISHI CORPORATIONInventors: Ryuji Monden, Kunio Kondo
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Patent number: 11286438Abstract: This document relates to a fuel oil composition comprising: (i) a solid hydrocarbonaceous and/or solid carbonaceous material, wherein the material is in particulate form, and wherein at least about 90% by volume (% v) of the particles are no greater than about 20 microns in diameter; and (ii) a liquid fuel oil; wherein the solid hydrocarbonaceous and/or solid carbonaceous material is present in an amount of at most about 30 by mass (% m) based on the total mass of the fuel oil composition. The invention further relates a process for the preparation of this fuel oil composition, a method of changing a grade of a liquid fuel oil, and a method for adjusting the flash point of a liquid fuel oil.Type: GrantFiled: April 4, 2017Date of Patent: March 29, 2022Assignee: Arq IP LimitedInventors: Paul Snaith, John Francis Unsworth
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Patent number: 10858601Abstract: A fuel composition comprises humins and at least one organic oxygenated solvent which has an apparent viscosity of at most 1.5 Pa·s at 100° C. at a shear rate of 30 s?1. Humins are produced by the dehydration of carbohydrates. The organic oxygenated solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, which may be aromatic, cycloaliphatic and aliphatic, and mixtures thereof. The fuel compositions can be used as marine fuel.Type: GrantFiled: February 10, 2016Date of Patent: December 8, 2020Inventors: Edserd De Jong, Jan Cornelis Van Der Waal, Michael Dirk Boot
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Patent number: 10781378Abstract: A composition is provided for chemically liquefying and dispersing heavy organic solids in hydrocarbon streams. The composition comprises oxyalkylated tertiary dodecyl mercaptan; alkylaryl sulfonic acid or its representative salts; alkyl di-substituted 9-decenamide; and a hydrocarbon distillate.Type: GrantFiled: December 5, 2017Date of Patent: September 22, 2020Assignee: FQE CHEMICALS INC.Inventor: Douglas J. Mason
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Patent number: 10125306Abstract: A method of inhibiting asphaltene precipitation and/or deposition in a hydrocarbon, preferably crude oil, by adding to the hydrocarbon a polyester asphaltene dispersing agent which is the reaction product of an alk(en)yl substituted succinic anhydride wherein the average number of succinic groups per alk(en)yl group is less than 2.0, and at least one polyol.Type: GrantFiled: September 17, 2015Date of Patent: November 13, 2018Assignee: Croda, Inc.Inventors: Min Ma Wang, Craig Michael Sungail, Xin Chen, Jonathan Harry Kaufman
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Patent number: 9879194Abstract: Provided is a method of economically modifying low rank coal (LRC) to be high grade coal having minimized water re-absorption and minimized spontaneous ignition possibility while saving energy by coating heavy oil directly on coal without using solvent oil. Provides is a method of modifying coal using palm oil residue, including milling the coal, homogenously mixing the palm oil residue with the milled coal, melting the palm oil residue mixed with the coal so as to be coated on a surface of the coal, and simultaneously drying moisture in the coal, cooling the dried coal, and briquetting the cooled coal.Type: GrantFiled: September 28, 2012Date of Patent: January 30, 2018Assignee: Korea Institute of Energy ResearchInventors: Si-Hyun Lee, Nam-Sun Nho, Seung-Hyun Moon, Sang-Do Kim, Dong-Hyuk Chun, Young-Jun Rhim, Jeong-Hwan Lim, Ho-Kyung Choi, Ji-Ho Yoo, Young-Chan Choi, Dong-Wook Lee, In-Soo Ryu, Seung-Jae Lee, Je Kyoung Woo
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Patent number: 9574151Abstract: Colloidal coal-in-water slurries having nano-particles of coal creating a pseudo-fluid. The colloidal coal-in-water slurry generally includes from about fifty to about seventy two weight percent of coal, with about 20 to about 80 percent of the coal having a particle size of about one micron or less with a mode particle size of about 250 nanometers. The coal-in-water slurry can also include a surfactant system containing one surfactant or mixtures of two or more surfactants, or mixtures of one or more surfactants and an inorganic or organic salt. The coal-in-water slurry can be used in low NOx burner applications as the main fuel and/or the reburn fuel, in gasification processes as the input fuel either alone, or in combination with organic materials, in gas turbine applications, and in diesel engine applications.Type: GrantFiled: August 6, 2013Date of Patent: February 21, 2017Assignee: BLUE ADVANCED COLLOIDAL FUELS CORP.Inventors: Daniel D. Joseph, Gustavo A. Nunez, Maria Briceno, Takeshi Asa, Cebers Gomez
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Device for preparing the fuel gas used for power generation and a method for preparation of fuel gas
Patent number: 9464243Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and devices for preparing the fuel gas used. A device may include a furnace body, a tower type synchronous roller extruding machine with a circular ladder groove mold that is mounted at the upper end of the furnace body. The tower type synchronous roller extruding machine is provided with a bucket, the bucket is in airtight connection with the furnace body, and a first transmission shaft is mounted in the bucket. At least two tower type synchronous rollers are mounted on the first transmission shaft, and the tower type synchronous rollers are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first transmission shaft.Type: GrantFiled: November 25, 2014Date of Patent: October 11, 2016Inventor: Lingzeng Kong -
Patent number: 9267043Abstract: A polymerizable compound is provided. The polymerizable compound has two or more polymerizable functional groups in a molecule thereof, wherein one of the two or more polymerizable functional groups of the polymerizable compound is an acrylamide group having the below-mentioned formula (1). The polymerizable compound can be preferably used for inkjet ink.Type: GrantFiled: September 17, 2013Date of Patent: February 23, 2016Assignee: RICOH COMPANY, LTD.Inventors: Mitsunobu Morita, Soh Noguchi, Okitoshi Kimura
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Patent number: 8877995Abstract: Pyrolysis fuels and methods for processing pyrolysis fuel are provided. In one embodiment, a method of processing pyrolysis fuel converts biomass to pyrolysis fuel including pyrolysis oil and char particles. Also, the method includes resizing a portion of the char particles so that substantially all resized char particles have a largest dimension no greater than about 5 microns.Type: GrantFiled: December 16, 2011Date of Patent: November 4, 2014Assignee: UOP LLCInventors: Lance Awender Baird, Stanley Joseph Frey
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Publication number: 20140259882Abstract: The disclosures described herein provide for a gasification feedstock which includes a mixture of a solid feedstock with a liquid feedstock. The solid feedstock includes a heating value of less than approximately 20 Megajoules/kilogram (MJ/kg), expressed on a wet basis. The non-aqueous liquid feedstock includes a heating value of greater than approximately 14 MJ/kg, expressed on a wet basis. The resulting feedstock is useful as a gasification fuel.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 15, 2013Publication date: September 18, 2014Applicant: GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANYInventors: Thomas Frederick Leininger, Julio Zimbron Nieto, Scott Parent, Aaron John Avagliano
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Publication number: 20130338411Abstract: The present invention relates to production of fuels from carbonaceous material and biomass. In some examples, the carbonaceous material is nonpetroleum fossil fuel or petroleum residuals. Various embodiments of the present invention provide a method of liquefaction of carbonaceous material and biomass. The method includes providing or obtaining a feed mixture, the mixture including carbonaceous material and biomass. The method also includes subjecting the feed mixture to liquefaction, to provide a product slurry. Various embodiments of the present invention provide a method of fuel production from carbonaceous material and biomass. The method includes separating the product slurry from the liquefaction, to give a conversion component. The method also includes processing the conversion component, to give a fuel.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 18, 2012Publication date: December 19, 2013Inventor: Ramesh K. Sharma
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Patent number: 8445547Abstract: Liquefied petroleum coke (LPC) comprises diesel engine fuel grade petroleum coke that is produced by subjecting crude oil refinery feedstock to de-salting, coking, micronization, de-ashing, and slurrification processes to reduce impurities such as metallic components and make the LPC suitable for use in internal combustion engines, such as diesel engine systems.Type: GrantFiled: August 11, 2009Date of Patent: May 21, 2013Inventors: Alfred Jorgensen, Roger J. Swenson
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Publication number: 20130067924Abstract: Disclosed are combustible fluid fuels that in some embodiments include a high-explosive component.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 1, 2010Publication date: March 21, 2013Inventors: Alexander Schoenfeld, Yaco Nesher, Joshua Altman, Moshe Tshuva
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Publication number: 20110203164Abstract: The method of inflammable minerals liquefaction is related to the technology of producing synthetic liquid fuel and can be applied to the processing of any kinds of fossil power-generating raw materials into various inflammable liquid products. The object of the present invention is to ensure a complex utilization of the initial power-generating raw material, to intensify its processing, to decrease the power consumption of synthetic liquid fuel production and to weaken the harmful impact of the technological process on the natural environment. The method includes initial raw material milling, its hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst and separation of non-liquefied solid residue from synthetic oil. However, milling of the initial raw material is carried out in two stages in an aqueous solution of mineral salts catalyzing hydrogenation, which is saturated to an intermediate density between those of inflammable mineral and waste rock.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 9, 2009Publication date: August 25, 2011Inventors: Chuluun Enkhbold, Brodt Alexander
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Patent number: 7819931Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for converting sludges, wastes or a combination thereof to biosolids, including a) at least one heated air system, b) at least one trough arrangement, c) at least one auger system, wherein the at least one auger system is situated in the at least one trough arrangement to form a conveyor system, and d) at least one heat box enclosing at least part of the conveyor system.Type: GrantFiled: May 30, 2007Date of Patent: October 26, 2010Inventors: Morris Peltier, Foye Sparks
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Patent number: 7753969Abstract: A method of creating a multi-phase fuel wherein said fuel comprises a gas, a solid, a liquid solvent phase and an aqueous phase from animal waste comprising the combination of the animal waste, a solvent, and a water/alcohol solution into a fluid mixture, placing the mixture into a closed reactor, heating said reactor between about 245° C. and 385° C. for between about 5 and 70 minutes and cooling said resulting multi-phase fuel. The animal waste may be manure, mortalities, municipal waste, or chicken litter. The preferred solvent is petroleum with the preferred petroleum being diesel fuel. The final multi-phase fuel can be separated into four separate fuels: a solid fuel, an emulsified solid in the liquid solvent phase by blending the solid, the solvent and a surfactant, an aqueous phase, and the recovered liquid solvent phase. Petroleum is the preferred solvent and the separation may be any conventional means. The mixture preferably consists of 1 part by weight animal waste, about 1.Type: GrantFiled: July 2, 2008Date of Patent: July 13, 2010Assignee: West Virginia UniversityInventors: Alfred Herman Stiller, Laura Shannon Eddy
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Publication number: 20100031908Abstract: Liquefied petroleum coke (LPC) comprises diesel engine fuel grade petroleum coke that is produced by subjecting crude oil refinery feedstock to de-salting, coking, micronization, de-ashing, and slurrification processes to reduce impurities such as metallic components and make the LPC suitable for use in internal combustion engines, such as diesel engine systems.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 11, 2009Publication date: February 11, 2010Inventors: Alfred Jorgensen, Roger J. Swenson
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Patent number: 7560603Abstract: A fuel or fuel blendstocks for jet, gas turbine, rocket, and diesel engines, particularly jet and rocket engines utilizing components of conventional petroleum not currently utilized for jet, gas turbine, rocket, and diesel fuels, such as benzene, butanes, butanes, and methyl tert butyl ether (MTBE) alkylated with aromatic moieties to make monoaromatics used in jet and diesel fuels. Additionally, a fuel having such monoaromatics has multiple desired properties such as higher flash point, low pour point, increased density, better lubricity, aerobic degradability, reduction in toxicity, and additionally can deliver benefits in blendstocks.Type: GrantFiled: July 29, 2004Date of Patent: July 14, 2009Assignee: The Procter & Gamble CompanyInventor: Daniel Stedman Connor
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Publication number: 20090025276Abstract: The invention provides an alternative filet composition and methods of preparing and using the composition. The alternative fuel can comprise coal, or another combustible solid, and one or more components selected from a group consisting of sugar solutions, tall oil, black liquor, vegetable oils, animal fats, triglycerides, methyl esters, ethyl esters, crude glycerin by-product and fatty acids.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 7, 2008Publication date: January 29, 2009Inventor: Bo L. Tran
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Publication number: 20080295387Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method for solidifying solid fossil fuel and a solidified material obtained thereby. The solidified material is prepared by mixing at least one solid fossil fuel with 5-8 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the solid fossil fuel, of a solidifying agent, and 1-4 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the solidifying agent, of aqueous acrylic resin. When this solidifying method is used, a solidified material, which can maintain the durability and high-temperature stability of a solidified material according to the prior furnace process using only coking coal as a raw material and has high heating value, can be prepared using a single solid fossil fuel or mixture thereof, including bituminous coal, anthracite coal and powdery coke.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 27, 2007Publication date: December 4, 2008Inventor: Kap Sok Yi
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Patent number: 7419608Abstract: The present invention falls within the field of purifying oil-laden wastewater, which provides a method for purifying coke-cooling wastewater in a delayed coking process in petroleum chemical field. The method comprises the following steps: (a) cooling the coke-cooling wastewater produced in a delayed coking process to 5-55° C. under 0.1-0.25 MPa absolute pressure, to obtain cooled coke-cooling wastewater; (b) subjecting the cooled coke-cooling wastewater to solid-liquid separation, to obtain a coke breeze phase and a liquid phase; (c) further separating the obtained liquid phase, to obtain an oil phase and a water phase; and (d) further discharging water from the obtained oil phase, to obtain the separated oil phase. The present invention also provides an equipment for carrying out the method.Type: GrantFiled: May 15, 2007Date of Patent: September 2, 2008Assignees: East China University of Science and Technology, Sinopec Zhenhai Refining & Chemical Company Limited, Luoyang Petrochemical Engineering Corporation (LPEC) SinopecInventors: Hualin Wang, Zhuoqun Qian, Jianwen Wang, Baohua Dai, Jiangqing Hu, Shuilong Yu, Chengyu Xu, Tianming Hou, Hejie Li, Jianghua Xu, Lixin Zhang
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Publication number: 20080148626Abstract: Multi faceted technology for the combustion and transportation of emulsified hydrocarbon fuel. The fuel comprises a composite of a plurality of hydrocarbon in water emulsions. The composite emulsion has a unimodal hydrocarbon particle distribution, with the hydrocarbon being present in an amount of between 64% and 90% by volume.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 20, 2006Publication date: June 26, 2008Applicant: Diamond QC Technologies Inc.Inventor: Patrick Brunelle
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Patent number: 7128767Abstract: The ash content of raw coals, lignite, and other carbonaceous materials is reduced by leaching the high-ash material with an aqueous acidic waste product produced by a Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The acidic aqueous waste is mixed with coal and process conditions are described. The claim takes advantage of using otherwise uneconomic coal, lignite or other carbonaceous material by upgrading the material to a suitable feedstock for combustion in a power plant or gasifier.Type: GrantFiled: July 1, 2004Date of Patent: October 31, 2006Assignee: GTL EnergyInventors: Robert R French, Robert A. Reeves
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Patent number: 6860911Abstract: The present invention re lates to a liquid synfuel additive composition which is used as an additive to coal fines to enhance the complete combustion of the coal after turning it into a synthetic fuel. The composition is a chemical change agent in that it converts the coal/composition mix into a different material which, when burned, results in lower noxious emissions. The composition includes a wax, a base for ph adjustment and water.Type: GrantFiled: March 1, 2002Date of Patent: March 1, 2005Inventor: Joseph W. Hundley
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Patent number: 6740133Abstract: An acqueous synfuel composition to be used as an additive for coal and like combustible materials to cause chemical bonding with the coal or materials to transform it into a substance legally defined by United States Air Quality Regulations as a synfuel. The composition contains polyvinyl alcohol, a hydrocarbon wax, and water which interact with the coal or material.Type: GrantFiled: January 10, 2001Date of Patent: May 25, 2004Assignee: Clean Fuel Technologies, L.L.C.Inventor: Joseph W. Hundley, Jr.
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Patent number: 6471732Abstract: A water-in-oil type emulsion fuel oil is prepared by dispersing and emulsifying in heavy oil a water/carbon mixture prepared by dispersing carbon fine particles in water with a dispersant and a protective colloid. The emulsion fuel oil includes 100 vol % of heavy oil and 20 to 45 vol % of the water/carbon mixture. Water particles are uniformly dispersed and emulsified in the heavy oil in the form of particles having diameters exceeding 20 &mgr;m but not exceeding 35 &mgr;m, and when the amount of the water/carbon mixture to be mixed with 100 vol % of the heavy oil is 20 to 35 vol %, the dispersed water particles have diameters ranging from 25 to 35 &mgr;m, while when the amount is 35 to 45 vol %, they have diameters of from more than 20 &mgr;m to 25 &mgr;m. Because, in this emulsified fuel oil, flame temperature does not change in comparison with the heavy oil combustion to which water is not add, this emulsified fuel oil is extremely advantageous in view of a heat balance.Type: GrantFiled: January 3, 2001Date of Patent: October 29, 2002Assignees: Kuretake Co., Ltd.Inventor: Yoshinari Shimada
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Patent number: 6331575Abstract: A process for the preparation of a catalyst useful for conducting carbon monoxide conversion reactions, especially a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, use of the catalyst for conducting such reactions, especially Fischer-Tropsch reactions, and the composition produced by said process. In the preparation of the catalyst, a solution of a polyol is employed to impregnate and disperse a compound or salt of a catalytic metal, or metals, e.g., copper or an Iron Group metal such as iron, cobalt, or nickel, or in a preferred embodiment both a compound or salt of rhenium and a compound or salt of a catalytic metal, or metals, e.g., copper or an Iron Group metal such as iron, cobalt, or nickel onto a refractory inorganic oxide support, e.g., titania. The rhenium, when present only in small amount permits full and complete reduction of the catalytic metal, or metals, dispersed by the polyol.Type: GrantFiled: September 15, 1998Date of Patent: December 18, 2001Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering CompanyInventor: Charles H. Mauldin
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Publication number: 20010049901Abstract: A process for preparing a hydrocarbon in water emulsion includes the steps of providing a hydrocarbon phase containing inactive natural surfactant; mixing a solid carbon additive with the hydrocarbon phase, the solid additive being selected from the group consisting of coal, coke and mixtures thereof so as to provide a hydrocarbon suspension including the solid carbon additive; and forming an emulsion from the hydrocarbon suspension and an aqueous phase in the presence of a surfactant activating additive so as to activate the inactive natural surfactant and form a hydrocarbon in water emulsion having the solid carbon additive suspended in the hydrocarbon phase. A hydrocarbon in water emulsion is also provided including a hydrocarbon phase, a water phase, a surfactant, and a solid carbon additive suspended in the hydrocarbon phase, the solid carbon additive being selected from the group consisting of coal, coke and mixtures thereof.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 23, 1999Publication date: December 13, 2001Inventors: IGNACIO A. LAYRISSE, NILIA C. ROMERO, GUSTAVO A. NUNEZ
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Patent number: 6293975Abstract: A composition for use as a fuel comprising: less than about 10% by weight water; greater than about 35% by weight solids and from about 30 to about 65% by weight of liquid hydrocarbons; the solids comprising inorganic solids and combustible organic solids that are insoluble in methylene chloride and the composition having a minimum heat value of at least about 7,000 BTU/lb. and a viscosity such that the composition is a pumpable fluid at ambient temperature. The solids and the liquid hydrocarbons are obtained from a single refinery waste stream containing liquid hydrocarbons, water and said solids so that all of the heat value of the composition is derived from components initially present in the waste stream.Type: GrantFiled: July 29, 1998Date of Patent: September 25, 2001Assignee: US Filter CorporationInventors: Robert M. Scalliet, Raymond R. Ruth
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Patent number: 6248140Abstract: A fuel composition comprising less than about 10 percent-by-weight water, greater than about 30 percent-by-weight solids and from about 30 to about 70 percent-by-weight of a combustible nonaqueous, generally water insoluble liquid, the composition having a minimum heat value of at least 5000 BTU per pound and a viscosity such that said composition is pumpable at ambient temperature, the composition being conveniently derived, for example, from a waste stream containing a liquid, nonaqueous fraction, a solids fraction and an aqueous fraction, such as refinery waste, waste from aluminum smelting processes, paint waste or other industries.Type: GrantFiled: February 23, 1999Date of Patent: June 19, 2001Assignee: Scaltech Inc.Inventors: Klaus Genssler, Raymond R. Ruth
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Patent number: 6066679Abstract: Partially deactivated catalyst in a slurry hydrocarbon synthesis process is rejuvenated employing a cyclic rejuvenation process in which syngas or CO flow into the slurry is stopped to stop the hydrocarbon synthesis reaction, the CO purged out of the slurry with a purge gas in the presence of hydrogen, the catalyst rejuvenated with a hydrogen containing rejuvenating gas and the hydrocarbon synthesis reaction restarted by passing the synthesis gas feed back into the reactor. All or a portion of the purge gas and/or the rejuvenating gas may be recycled during the respective purge and/or rejuvenation. The hydrogen required during the purge is typically part of the purge gas.Type: GrantFiled: October 16, 1998Date of Patent: May 23, 2000Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering CompanyInventors: Stephen C. Leviness, Willard N. Mitchell
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Patent number: 5925233Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of secondary alkanesulphonic acids as asphaltene dispersing agent in crude oils and products derived therefrom, wherein a chain length of 8 to 22 C atoms is present. The secondary alkanesulfonic acids are employed in an amount of from 1 to 10,000 ppm by volume. The alkanesulfonic acid is preferably formulated as a solution or microemulsion, and can further contain optional alkyl-formaldehyde resin, oxyalkylated amines, or wax-dispersing agents. The alkanesulfonic acids provide reduced precipitate amounts, slow the rate of precipitate formation, form a more finely divided precipitate and reduce the tendency of the precipitate to be deposited on surfaces.Type: GrantFiled: October 14, 1997Date of Patent: July 20, 1999Assignee: Clariant GmbHInventors: Dennis Miller, Axel Vollmer, Michael Feustel
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Patent number: 5902359Abstract: An on-line and/or batch process to obtain a liquid mixture consisting of coal/asphaltenes-fuel oil/heavy crude oil-surfactant-water, through dispersion of a coal-water mixture, using a mechanical element defined as a static mixer or a tank with shaking.Type: GrantFiled: April 15, 1997Date of Patent: May 11, 1999Assignee: Empresa Colombiana de Petroleos--EcopetrolInventors: Jorge Luis Vargas Grosso, Oscar J. Medina Suarez, Gonzalo Diaz Leal, Rigoberto Barrero, Lilia Rodriguez
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Patent number: 5900112Abstract: A method of recycling sodium-based salts used for digesting wood in a digester during the manufacture of pulp and paper. The method comprises collecting a black liquor from the digester, concentrating the black liquor, and adding a salt to the black liquor in an amount sufficient to reduce the viscosity thereof. Preferred salts are thiocyanate salts. The black liquor is then oxidized to produce a green liquor and a causticizer added to the green liquor to produce a white liquor containing the sodium-based salts to be recycled. The white liquor is then returned to the digester.Type: GrantFiled: May 30, 1997Date of Patent: May 4, 1999Assignee: North Carolina State UniversityInventors: Richard J. Spontak, Joanna E. Roberts, Victoria A. Prevysh, Saad A Khan
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Patent number: 5788721Abstract: A fuel composition comprising less than about 10 percent-by-weight water, greater than about 35 percent-by-weight solids and from about 30 to about 70 percent-by-weight of a combustible nonaqueous, generally water insoluble liquid, the composition having a minimum heat value of at least 7000 BTU per pound and a viscosity such that said composition is pumpable at ambient temperature, the composition being conveniently derived, for example, from a waste stream such as refinery sludge containing a liquid, nonaqueous fraction, a solids fraction and an aqueous fraction.Type: GrantFiled: August 4, 1992Date of Patent: August 4, 1998Assignee: Scaltech, Inc.Inventors: Robert M. Scalliet, Raymond R. Ruth
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Patent number: 5685153Abstract: A process for enhancing the fuel form, raising the energy content, and lowering the level of impurities of low rank coals and/or carbonaceous wastes, like Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF), and sewage sludge, by providing the low rank fuel, carbonaceous waste, or mixtures thereof as a slurry in water of processable viscosity. This feed slurry is heated under pressure, usually in the presence of an alkali, to a temperature at which a significant physical and molecular rearrangement occurs, characterized by the splitting off of a substantial proportion of the oxygen bound in the low rank coal or carbonaceous waste as carbon dioxide. At these conditions, solid particles in the feed slurry lose much of their fibrous and hydrophilic character, and are broken up into smaller particles of char, resulting in a slurry of dramatically improved rheology, i.e., capable of a much higher solids concentration (or energy density) at processable viscosity.Type: GrantFiled: June 7, 1995Date of Patent: November 11, 1997Assignee: EnerTech Environmental, Inc.Inventors: Norman L. Dickinson, Robert G. Murray, Michael K. Klosky
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Patent number: 5611824Abstract: This invention involves a process for achieving more energetic fuels by ug high density fullerenes and fullerene derivatives, mixed with liquid hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative fuels. The advantages of the these materials are that they constitute a form of high density carbon which will evaporate or sublime quite easily by comparison to particles of carbon. The fullerenes, or derivatives of fullerenes, exist as molecules which are relatively volatile. These materials are generally solids and therefore easily compounded into hydrocarbon fuels slurries. The derivatives can be tailored for high solubility in hydrocarbon solvents. In addition, the fullerenes can be modified easily to adjust the oxidization susceptibility so that the residence time in the combustion zone can be shortened even further.Type: GrantFiled: June 18, 1996Date of Patent: March 18, 1997Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the ArmyInventor: William D. Stephens
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Patent number: 5503643Abstract: The fuel oil-substituted fullerene compositions of the invention are useful for improving the cold flow properties of fuels. Typically the substituted fullerenes have the general formula C.sub.Fn (GRy)x, where C.sub.Fn is a fullerene, n is the number of carbon atoms in the fullerene, x is an integer from 1 up to the maximum number of sites on the fullerene molecule available for adding substituent groups, G is a linking group that may be absent or present, and when present is an oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phenol, aniline, Mannich base or diazocarboxylate-derived group, y is an integer determined by the identity of G, and when y equals 1 R is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group and when y equals 2 at most one R may be hydrogen while the remainder are hydrocarbyl groups, and the R group may be the same or different, and wherein when x is greater than 1 the GRy may be the same or different and at most one R may be hydrogen.Type: GrantFiled: June 7, 1995Date of Patent: April 2, 1996Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering CompanyInventors: George W. Schriver, Abhimanyu O. Patil, David J. Martella, Kenneth Lewtas
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Patent number: 5439489Abstract: A process for producing a fuel composition from a waste stream containing a liquid, organic component, water and a mixture of inorganic and organic solids wherein the waste stream is separated into an oil fraction, a water fraction and a solids fraction, the solids fraction being de-watered to produce a de-watered solids fraction containing less than about 60% by weight water, the de-watered solids fraction being admixed with oil and heated in a heating apparatus wherein the de-watered solids fraction and oil are subjected to heat exchange conditions at a temperature and for a time sufficient to evaporate water and produce a fuel composition containing less than about 15% by weight water, the apparatus having means for inducing forced convection condition in the mixture of de-watered solids and oil to prevent solids settling and enhance heat exchange heating.Type: GrantFiled: August 17, 1994Date of Patent: August 8, 1995Assignee: Scaltech, Inc.Inventors: Robert M. Scalliet, Raymond R. Ruth, Craig A. Koopersmith
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Patent number: 5296005Abstract: A method of recovering coal liquids and producing metallurgical coke utilizes low ash, low sulfur coal as a parent for a coal char formed by pyrolysis with a volatile content of less than 8%. The char is briquetted and heated in an inert gas over a prescribed heat history to yield a high strength briquette with less than 2% volatile content.Type: GrantFiled: September 25, 1992Date of Patent: March 22, 1994Assignee: Coal Technology CorporationInventors: Richard A. Wolfe, Chang J. Im, Robert E. Wright
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Patent number: 5234475Abstract: A hydrocarbon fuel is provided with one or more fullerene additives such as, for example, C60, C70, C74, C76, C78, C82, and C84 fullerenes, to serve as an identifying means for the fuel. The particular fullerene additive or additives may varying from the fullerene additive or additives in other fuels both by type as well as by amount or concentration present in the fuel. Thus, for example, if 7 different fullerenes are used in combinations of 1, 2, or 3 fullerenes, and in 5 different concentration amounts, there exists a possibility of as many as 4,935 different combinations of fuels which may all be separately identified by the presence of such combinations of fullerenes therein.Type: GrantFiled: August 14, 1991Date of Patent: August 10, 1993Assignee: SRI InternationalInventors: Ripudaman Malhotra, Donald C. Lorents, Young K. Bae
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Patent number: 5207891Abstract: A composition of matter useful as an asphaltene dispersant, comprising a mixture of:(a) poly[P,P'-(propylene oxide-400)phosphite) poly[di(propylene oxide--400)diol)]]-P,P diasphalenate;(b) poly[P,P'-(propylene oxide-400)phosphite -poly[di(propylene oxide--1000) diol)]]-P,P'-diasphalenate;(c) Poly[P,P'-(propylene oxide-400)phosphite) -poly(propylene oxide-400-poly(propylene oxide-1000)diol)]]-P-P'-diasphalenate(d) Poly[P,P'-(propylene oxide-1000)phosphite -poly[di(propylene oxide-400) diol)]]-P,P'-diasphalenate;(e) poly[P,P'-(propylene oxide-1000)phosphite) poly[di(propylene oxide-1000)diol)]]-P,P'-diasphalenate;(f) poly[P,P'(propylene oxide-1000)phosphite) poly[di([propylene oxide-400-poly (propylene oxide-1000)diol)]]-P,P'-diasphaltenate;(g) cyclo[P,P'-di(polypropylene oxide -400)phosphite]-P,P'-diasphaltenate;(h) cyclo[P,P'-di-(polypropylene oxide-1000) phosphite]-P,P'-diasphaltenate;(i) cyclo[P,P'-(polypropyleneoxide-400) -(polypropyleneoxide-1000)-phosphite]-P,P'diasphaltenate;(j) poly[(dipropyleneoxide-4Type: GrantFiled: December 30, 1991Date of Patent: May 4, 1993Assignee: Texaco Inc.Inventors: Rodney L. Sung, Thomas F. DeRosa, David A. Storm, Benjamin J. Kaufman
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Patent number: 5202056Abstract: A composition of matter useful as an asphaltene dispersant, comprising a mixture of:(a) poly[di(propylene oxide-400)phosphite]-g-poly(propylene oxide-400) alcohol;(b) poly[di(propylene oxide-1000)phosphite]-g-poly(propylene oxide-400) alcohol;(c) poly[di(propylene oxide-400)phosphite]-g-poly(propylene oxide-1000) alcohol;(d) poly[di(propylene oxide-1000)phosphite]-g-poly(propylene oxide-1000) alcohol;(e) poly{star[di(propylene oxide-400)phosphite]-g-poly(propylene oxide-400)} alcohol;(f) poly{star[di(propylene oxide-1000)phosphite]-g-poly(propylene oxide-400)} alcohol;(g) poly{star[di(propylene oxide-400)phosphite]-g-poly(propylene oxide-1000) } alcohol; and(h) poly{star[di(propylene oxide-1000)phosphite]-g-poly(propylene oxide-1000)} alcohol.Type: GrantFiled: December 30, 1991Date of Patent: April 13, 1993Assignee: Texaco Inc.Inventors: Rodney L. Sung, Thomas F. Derosa, David A. Storm, Benjamin J. Kaufman
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Patent number: 5123931Abstract: A method for the beneficiation of coal by selective agglomeration and the beneficiated coal product thereof is disclosed wherein coal, comprising impurities, is comminuted to a particle size sufficient to allow impurities contained therein to disperse in water, an aqueous slurry is formed with the comminuted coal particles, treated with a compound, such as a polysaccharide and/or disaccharide, to increase the relative hydrophilicity of hydrophilic components, and thereafter the slurry is treated with sufficient liquid agglomerant to form a coagulum comprising reduced impurity coal.Type: GrantFiled: December 6, 1990Date of Patent: June 23, 1992Assignee: The Research Foundation of State University of NYInventors: Robert J. Good, Mohan Badgujar
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Patent number: 5096461Abstract: Slurries of water-saturated coal and liquid hydrocarbon carriers having the properties of low apparent viscosity, controlled sedimentation and easy separation, which properties render the slurries transportable over long distances in conventional oil pipelines to predetermined destinations where they are easily separated into their constituent parts, are prepared by combining coal with a liquid hydrocarbon carrier, a minor amount of water in excess of the amount in the water-saturated coal and, optionally, a surfactant to form a mixture and then agitating the mixture under high shear conditions to form agglomerated coal particles in which water acts as a coordinator bridging layer around and/or among the agglomerated particles.Type: GrantFiled: August 22, 1990Date of Patent: March 17, 1992Assignee: Union Oil Company of CaliforniaInventors: Theodore C. Frankiewicz, Samuel C. Hanson
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Patent number: 5008035Abstract: A process for fluidizing oily heavy slurries chosen from slurries of catalyst fines in hydrocarbon, coke slurries in hydrocarbon, and asphalt residues in hydrocarbon which comprises:(1) heating, with effective mixing, the oily heavy slurries to at least 140.degree. F., thereby forming a heated heavy slurry;(2) Adding to said heated heavy slurry with effective mixing, an effective fluidizing amount of a fluidizing agent which comprises the ingredients:______________________________________ Ingredient Wt. Percent ______________________________________ (a) water 15-85 (b) an ethoxylated nonyl phenol/ 40-5 formaldehyde resin having a molecular wt. between about 1000-25,000 (c) Surfactants having an HLB 40-5 between about 2.0-25.Type: GrantFiled: May 11, 1990Date of Patent: April 16, 1991Assignee: Nalco Chemical CompanyInventor: Henry T. Broom
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Patent number: 4978367Abstract: A fuel composition for co-combustion with natural gas in a furnace having a radiant energy zone and a convective energy zone comprising a slurry of micronized coal in No. 2 fuel oil, the ratio of coal to fuel oil being such that the co-combustion with natural gas enhances the flame radiance of the natural gas flame in the infrared wavelength range between 1 micron to 10 microns to increase the amount of energy provided to the radiant energy zone of the furnace and reducing the energy to the convective energy zone.Type: GrantFiled: December 16, 1988Date of Patent: December 18, 1990Assignee: University of FloridaInventors: Alex E. S. Green, Bruce A. S. Green, John C. Wagner