Abstract: A fuel composition is provided containing (i) a base fuel, (ii) a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil and (iii) an oxygenate. The components (ii) and (iii) can be used in a tertiary fuel blend with a base fuel (i) for the purpose of achieving for the composition (a) a neutral or close to neutral effect on elastomeric components compared to that of the base fuel, and/or (b) a neutral or better emissions performance (in particular with respect to NOx and/or particulate emissions) compared to that of the base fuel, preferably in addition to a neutral or close to neutral density for the composition with respect to that of the base fuel.

Abstract: There is described a fuel composition incorporating levulinic acid or a functional derivative thereof.

Abstract: A fuel composition is provided containing (i) a base fuel, (ii) a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil and (iii) an oxygenate. The components (ii) and (iii) can be used in a tertiary fuel blend with a base fuel (i) for the purpose of achieving for the composition (a) a neutral or close to neutral effect on elastomeric components compared to that of the base fuel, and/or (b) a neutral or better emissions performance (in particular with respect to NOx and/or particulate emissions) compared to that of the base fuel, preferably in addition to a neutral or close to neutral density for the composition with respect to that of the base fuel.

Abstract: Fuel compositions comprising primarily diethyl succinate as an oxygenation additive are described. The fuels can be diesel fuels which generate carbon based particulates in diesel engines. The result is reduced emissions of particulates from the diesel engines.

Abstract: A fuel rendering composition, an alternative supplemental fuel and a universal fuel treatment. Halogenated hydrocarbon(s) and solvent(s), particularly terpenoid containing solvent(s), are combined to form a composition that when mixed with vegetable oil, crude or refined, renders that oil suitable for use in a diesel engine. Various hydrocarbons, solvents and related compounds are disclosed. Providing a metal-organic compound such as a cyclopentadienyl compound with a halogenated hydrocarbon and solvent at appropriate rates produces a universal fuel treatment.

Abstract: The invention provides a lubricity additive in the form of an ester of an acid and an alcohol, wherein the acid is an aromatic mono-, di- or polyhydric, mono-, di- or polycarboxylic acid or mixture thereof, which may be alkylated and/or alkoxylated and wherein the alkyl and/or alkoxy groups, if any, are independently selected from groups having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, characterised in that (a) the alcohol is glycerol, and (b) the mole percent of acid groups in the lubricity additive is less than 10%, based on the total of acid and ester groups. The invention also provides a process for preparing the lubricity additive, and a middle distillate fuel oil having a sulphur concentration of 0.2% by weight or less, and a minor portion of the lubricity additive.

Abstract: There is described a fuel composition which is substantially free of alkanolamides, containing at least 95 % by volume of a hydrocarbon-based fuel and from 0.1 to 5 % by volume of an additive selected from the groups consisting of: a) the optionally alkoxylated linear or branched saturated or unsaturated monoalcolhols having 8 to 24 C atoms, containing zero or 1 to 20 mol of ethylene oxide and/or 1 to 5 mol of propylene oxide per mol of alcohol, or b) the polyols having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally partially esterified with fatty acids having 12 to 24 carbon atoms, or c) the alkoxylated fatty acids having 12 to 24 carbon atoms and 4 to 20 mol of ethylene oxide per mol of fatty acid, or d) the ethoxylated dimeric fatty acids.

Abstract: This alternative fuel is composed of agricultural products. A blend of esters of soybean oil and terpine hydrocarbons can be used for outdoor activities. The blend is useful for charcoal fluid, campfire fuel or decorative lamp fuel. The esters are a low volatile material and the terpenes are a higher volatile, low flash material. The blends can be used for lighting a charcoal fire for outdoor activities, a torch lantern device for outdoor patio use, trash fires, as well as outdoor heaters and stoves. In one embodiment, an insect control agent, citronella or a fragrance may be included.

Abstract: A fuel additive for middle distillate fuels is a mixture of at least one methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl ester of a vegetable oil or a C16-C18 fatty acid, at least one alkyl ether of propylene glycol, a surfactant, and an antioxidant. A fuel additive for gasoline is a mixture of ligroin or toluene/xylene, at least one alkyl ether of propylene glycol, a surfactant, and tertiary amyl methyl ether.

Abstract: A fuel rendering composition, an alternative supplemental fuel and a universal fuel treatment. Halogenated hydrocarbon(s) and solvent(s), particularly terpenoid containing solvent(s), are combined to form a composition that when mixed with vegetable oil, crude or refined, renders that oil suitable for use in a diesel engine. Various hydrocarbons, solvents and related compounds are disclosed. Providing a metal-organic compound such as a cyclopentadienyl compound with a halogenated hydrocarbon and solvent at appropriate rates produces a universal fuel treatment.

Abstract: A mixture suitable as fuel additive and lubricant additive and comprising essentially (A) at least one amine which carries a hydrocarbon radical having an average molecular weight of from 500 to 10,000, (B) at least one hydrocarbon polymer which has an average molecular weight of from 300 to 10,000 and may be present in unhydrogenated or hydrogenated form and (C) at least one conventional carrier oil has a weight ratio of component A to component B of from 80:20 to 60:40.

Abstract: This invention is a fuel composition comprising a major amount of base fuel and at least 3% w/w of an ester additive mixture derivable by reacting together either (a) (i) a saturated, aliphatic polyhydric alcohol having three or more primary alcohol groups, (ii) a C2-C15 saturated, aliphatic branched chain monohydric alcohol and (iii) a saturated, aliphatic C4-C10 dicarboxylic acid, or (b) a saturated aliphatic polyhydric alcohol having three or more primary alcohol groups with a C6-C15 saturated, aliphatic straight chain or branched chain monocarboxylic acid, or (c) a C2-C15 branched chain saturated aliphatic alcohol with a saturated, aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 6-10 carbon atoms. The ester additive has a boiling point ≧150° C., a molecular weight ≧200 and an oxygen content ≧13% by weight of said ester additive mixture. The additive significantly reduces particulate emissions from the exhausts of diesel powered engines.

Abstract: An ester resulting from an esterification reaction between at least one polyfunctional alcohol and at least one polyfunctional carboxylic acid using a chain stopping agent to form ester bonds with the remaining hydroxyl or carboxyl groups is disclosed. The polyfunctional carboxylic acid comprises an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid containing from 9 to 18 carbon atoms, dimerised and/or trimerised fatty acids or mixtures thereof, with the proviso that dimerised and trimerised fatty acids do not constitute more than 80% by weight of the total amount of polyfunctional carboxylic acid used. The chain stopping agent may be a monocarboxylic acid or a monofuntional alcohol having at least 14 carbon atoms. The complex esters have a kinematic viscosity at 100 C of from 30 to 1000 cSt, preferably from 30 to 200 cSt.

Abstract: Compositions comprising a wax, a nucleator, and a wax growth arrestor improve the low temperature properties of fuel oils, especially high wax content fuels.

Abstract: Products formed from polycarboxylic acids and epoxides form useful lubricity additives.

Abstract: An additive composition comprising: (a) an ashless dispersant comprising an acylated nitrogen compound; and (b) a carboxylic acid, or an ester of the carboxylic acid and an alcohol wherein the acid has from 2 to 50 carbon atoms and the alcohol has one or more carbon atoms provides an improvement in the lubricity of fuel oils and exhibits improved solubility in the fuel oil.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is a C.sub.10 -C.sub.32 alkenyl group and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are --(--OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --).sub.n OH, --(--OCH.sub.2 CHCH.sub.3 --).sub.n OH or --OCH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 OH in which n is an integer from 1 to 10 are lubricity and corrosion-prevention additives for fuels.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel range and a fuel additive composition comprising (a) about 15 to 2,000 parts per million by weight of an aromatic ester of a polyalkylphenoxyalkanol, (b) about 30 to 2,000 parts per million by weight of a poly(oxyalkylene) amine, and (c) about 30 to 2,000 parts per million by weight of an aromatic di- or tri-carboxylic acid ester; wherein the total amount of components (a) and (b) is at least about 70 parts per million by weight, and further wherein the weight ratio of component (c) to the total amount of components (a) and (b) is at least about 0.25 to 1. The fuel compositions of this invention are useful for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: Diesel fuels, particularly low sulfur diesel fuels, contain additives which increase the lubricity in the fuel and reduce the amount of smoke in the exhaust. These additives are esters having a viscosity of 3.0 cSt to 20.0 cSt at 100.degree. C. and a smoke index of at least 75.

Abstract: This invention relates to a diesel fuel composition containing an additive composition made by admixing at least two components: A) at least one dicarboxylic acid having about 8 to about 500 carbon atoms or a reactive equivalent thereof; and B) at least one amine having about 6 to about 80 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the additive composition also contains: C) at least one monocarboxylic acid of about 8 to about 28 carbon atoms or a reactive equivalent thereof. The additive composition is useful as a lubricity additive for diesel fuel, especially low sulfur diesel fuel and provide excellent storage stability, rust-inhibiting and anti-wear performance to diesel fuel.

Abstract: The invention relates to an additive for improving the flow properties of paraffin-containing mineral oils and mineral oil distillates, comprising a mixture of at least one ethylene/vinyl ester copolymer or terpolymer and at least one paraffin dispersant, wherein said mixture contains ethers and/or esters as solubilizers, wherea) the ethers conform to the formula 1R--O--R' (1)in which R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, and R' is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms,b) the esters are derived from monobasic or polybasic carboxylic acids having 4 to 30 carbon atoms (acid radical) and from monohydric or polyhydric alcohols having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (alcohol radical), orc) the ethers and/or esters are cyclic, with a ring size of from 6 to 30 carbon atoms.The invention furthermore relates to a process for improving the flow properties of mineral oils and mineral oil distillates which comprises adding the novel additive thereto.

Abstract: A polyol ester distillate fuel additive exhibits improved lubricity and friction and wear performance. The ester has between about 1% and about 35% unconverted hydroxyl groups and is characterized as having a hydroxyl number from about 5 to about 180.

Abstract: A crankcase engine lubricant which comprises the add mixture of the following components: (A) a lubricating oil which comprises the add mixture of the following components: a complex alcohol ester basestock and at least one additional basestock; and (B) an additive package; wherein the crankcase engine lubricant exhibits a percent fuel economy improvement in the range between about 0.3 to 5.0%, versus the lubricating oil without the complex alcohol ester basestock.

Abstract: A biodegradable two-cycle lubricant which is prepared from an add mixture of: (1) a biodegradable lubricating oil comprising an add mixture of the following components: a complex alcohol ester basestock which comprises the reaction product of an add mixture of the following: a polyhydroxyl compound represented by the general formula:R(OH).sub.nwherein R is any aliphatic or cyclo-aliphatic hydrocarbyl group and n is at least 2, provided that the hydrocarbyl group contains from about 2 to 20 carbon atoms; a polybasic acid or an anhydride of a polybasic acid, provided that the ratio of equivalents of the polybasic acid to equivalents of alcohol from the polyhydroxyl compound is in the range between about 1.6:1 to 2:1; and a monohydric alcohol, provided that the ratio of equivalents of the monohydric alcohol to equivalents of the polybasic acid is in the range between about 0.84:1 to 1.2:1; wherein the complex alcohol ester exhibits a viscosity in the range between about 100-700 cSt at 40.degree. C.

Abstract: Substituted carboxylic acylating agents formed by reacting an olefin with a carboxylic reactant are further reacted with .alpha.-.beta. unsaturated carboxylic compositions to form substituted carboxylic acylating agents. The substituted carboxylic acylating agents are further reacted with various compounds to form especially dispersants for use in oil compositions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a fuel oil for diesel engines, which is reduced in the discharges of particulate matters (PM) and carbon dioxide (CO) in exhaust gas upon combustion while retaining a high cetane number, characterized in that the fuel oil composition comprises a mineral oil as a principal component; and(a) 2-13 wt % of one or more dialkyl phthalate compounds represented by the chemical formula (1), and(b) 2-13 wt % of one or more glycol ether compounds represented by the chemical formula (2); andthe total content of said components (a) and (b) is from 4 to 15 wt %.

Abstract: The lubricity of low sulphur fuels is enhanced by incorporation of a lubricity enhancing additive in combination with a nitrogen compound.

Abstract: Additive composition enhancing the low temperature operability of average distillates beyond -20.degree. C. comprising at least 40% by weight of a composition consisting of: i) from 60 to 94% by weight of an antisedimentation additive resulting from the reaction of at least one aliphatic dicarboxylic compound and one polyamine of general formula (II) wherein R is a saturated aliphatic radical comprising from 1 to 32 carbon atoms, n is 2-4 and m is 1-4; and ii) 6-40 % by weight of a dispersing-stabilizing additive having a molecular weight varying from 15000 to 50000 resulting from the esterification reaction of a linear alcohol having from 6 to 24 atoms with an organic acid such as maleic acid and its halides, the ester obtained being polymerized with itself or a copolymerizing compound selected from aliphatic dicarboxylic compounds.

Abstract: Crude oils, lubricating oils or fuel oils have their flow point improved by adding to the crude oil, lubricating oil or fuel oil a minor proportion by weight of a polymer containing the repeating units: ##STR1## where x is an integer and y is 0 or an integer and wherein in the total polymer x+y is at least two.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition including fatty acid alkyl esters and glyceryl ethers, and an alternative fuel composition that includes the fuel additive composition. Also provided is a method for preparing the fuel additive composition and the alternative fuel composition. In one embodiment, the fuel additive composition is prepared by esterifying free fatty acids and etherifying glycerol with one or more olefins in the presence of an acid catalyst. In one embodiment, the fuel additive composition can be thermally cracked under conditions of increased temperature and/or pressure in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst. In another embodiment, the fuel additive composition is hydrocracked. The resulting fuel additive composition can be blended with diesel fuel to produce an alternative fuel composition. In one embodiment, the alternative fuel composition includes between approximately 25 and 95 percent diesel fuel and between approximately 5 and 75 percent of the fuel additive composition.

Abstract: A biodegradable two-cycle oil composition which comprises a C.sub.13 oxo alcohol adipate in admixture with a dispersant and a lubricity agent; it is especially useful for outboard marine engines.

Abstract: A fuel additive having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A.sub.1 is a thioether, a sulfoxide, a sulfone, a sulfonic acid, a sulfonamide, a nitrile, a carboxylic acid or ester, or a carboxamide; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl; n is an integer from 0 to 100; and when n is 0 to 10, R.sub.5 is polyalkyl having an average molecular weight of 450 to 5,000; and when n is 5 to 100, R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl, phenyl, aralkyl, alkaryl or an acyl group having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.6 is alkyl, phenyl, aralkyl or alkaryl; R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy; A.sub.2 is a thioether, a sulfoxide, a sulfone, a sulfonic acid, a sulfonamide, a nitrile, a carboxylic acid or ester, or a carboxamide; and x and y are independently integers from 0 to 10; with the proviso that when n and x are both 0, then A.sub.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising:(a) a fuel-soluble aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted amine having at least one basic nitrogen atom wherein the hydrocarbyl group has a number average molecular weight of about 700 to 3,000;(b) a polyolefin polymer of a C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 monoolefin, wherein the polymer has a number average molecular weight of about 350 to 3,000; and(c) an aromatic di- or tri-carboxylic acid ester of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group of 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and x is 2 or 3.

Abstract: A new lubricant for addition to preferably two-cycle engine fuels is provided. The lubricant may be a solid lubricant in the form of a pellet having a diameter of at least 1 mm., which is readily dispersible when dropped into the fuel. Also, the lubricant of this invention preferably comprises from 25 to 75 percent of a saturated fatty acid having 12 to 22 carbon atoms; (2) from 5 to 25 weight percent of at least one of a polyisobutylene having a molecular weight of at least 800 or a polymerized, unsaturated fatty acid having an average of at least about 24 carbon atoms per polymerized molecule; and (3) from 0 to 50 weight percent of a polybasic ester of a polyol molecule and 2 to 4 fatty acid molecules, each fatty acid molecule having an average of 4 to 22 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Poly(oxyalkylene) hydroxyaromatic ethers having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel-soluble salt thereof; where n is an integer from 5 to 100; x is an integer from 0 to 10; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or lower alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.5 is an acyl group of the formula: ##STR2## wherein y is 1, 2 or 3; R.sub.6 is a divalent hydrocarbyl radical, when y is 1, a trivalent hydrocarbyl radical, when y is 2, or tetravalent hydrocarbyl radical, when y is 3, said hydrocarbyl radicals having 1 to about 20 carbon atoms; and each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of: ##STR3## where each R.sub.7 is independently alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention relates to lubricants for two-cycle engines comprising a major amount of at least one oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of at least one compound of the general formulaA.sup.y- M.sup.y+ (I)wherein M represents one or more metal ions, y is the total valence of all M and A represents one or more anion containing groups having a total of about y individual anionic moieties and each anion containing group is a group of the formula ##STR1## wherein T is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## Additive concentrates and lubricant-fuel mixtures for two cycle engines are also disclosed as well as methods for operating two-cycle engines.

Abstract: A motor fuel for internal combustion engines contains a small amount of an additive comprising(a) a conventional amino- or amido-containing detergent for cleaning, or keeping clean, the intake system and(b) as base oil a mixture of(ba) a polyether based on propylene oxide or butylene oxide and having a molecular weight of not less than 500 and(bb) an ester of a monocarboxylic or polycarboxylic acid and an alkanol or polyol, this ester having a minimum viscosity of 2 mm.sup.2 /s at 100.degree. C.