Abstract: A diesel fuel composition comprising as an additive an ester compound which is the reaction product of an optionally substituted polycarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof and a polyhydric alcohol of formula H—(OR)n—OH, wherein R is an optionally substituted alkylene group and n is at least 1.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are antifouling compositions including a combination of one or more dispersant polymers and one or more inhibitors, the one or more dispersant polymers including the polymerized residues of one or more ?-olefins and maleic anhydride, further wherein the maleic anhydride residues are reacted with a primary amine; and the one or more inhibitors including a functionalized p-phenylene diamine. Concentrates of the antifouling compositions in solvents are stable and pourable at temperatures of 0° C. to ?40° C. The antifouling compositions are added to a petroleum product to form a treated petroleum product, wherein fouling by the treated petroleum product is reduced and a stable dispersion is formed over a wide range of processing conditions.

Abstract: The use of tetrahydrobenzoxazines I where R1 is a hydrocarbyl radical and R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen atoms, hydroxyl groups or hydrocarbyl radicals, and where R2 to R5 may also form a second and a third tetrahydrooxazine ring, with the proviso that at least one of the substituents has from 4 to 3000 carbon atoms and the remaining substituents, when they are hydrocarbyl radicals, each have from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, as stabilizers for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially turbine fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.

Abstract: The use of tetrahydrobenzoxazines I where R1 is a hydrocarbyl radical and R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen atoms, hydroxyl groups or hydrocarbyl radicals, and where R2 to R5 may also form a second and a third tetrahydrooxazine ring, with the proviso that at least one of the substituents has from 4 to 3000 carbon atoms and the remaining substituents, when they are hydrocarbyl radicals, each have from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, as stabilizers for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially turbine fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.

Abstract: Compositions for a curable substance for fixing purposes, comprising an epoxy component (a), which contains curable epoxides, and a hardener component (b), which comprises a Mannich base formulation, obtainable by reaction of specific amines, and/or mixtures of styrenated phenols with low molecular weight amines, to novel Mannich base formulations or mixtures of styrenated phenols with low molecular weight amines, and to the use of such Mannich base formulations and/or of such mixtures of styrenated phenols with low molecular weight amines, and in each case especially further additional ingredients, especially in hardener components for epoxy resins.

Abstract: A method for producing a gasoline blend having a high concentration of a butanol isomer and having good cold start and warm-up driveability performance.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition comprising a quaternary ammonium salt additive which additive is formed by the reaction of (1) a quaternising agent and (2) a compound formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and at least 1.4 molar equivalents of an amine of formula (B1) or (B2), wherein R2 and R3 are the same or different alkyl, alkenyl or aryl groups having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; X is a bond or alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is from 0 to 20; m is from 1 to 5; and R4 is hydrogen or a C1 to C22 alkyl group.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition comprising, as an additive, the product of a Mannich reaction between: (a) an aldehyde; (b) an amine; and (c) a substituted phenol; wherein the phenol is substituted with at least one branched hydrocarbyl group having a molecular weight of between 200 and 3000; and wherein in the Mannich reaction used to form the additive the molar ratio of component (a) to component (b) is 2.2-1.01:1; the molar ratio of component (a) to component (c) is 1.99-1.01:1 and the molar ratio of component (b) to component (c) is 1:1.01-1.99.

Abstract: The use of tetrahydrobenzoxazines I where R1 is a hydrocarbyl radical and R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen atoms, hydroxyl groups or hydrocarbyl radicals, and where R2 to R5 may also form a second and a third tetrahydrooxazine ring, with the proviso that at least one of the substituents has from 4 to 3000 carbon atoms and the remaining substituents, when they are hydrocarbyl radicals, each have from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, as stabilizers for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially turbine fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.

Abstract: A gasoline composition comprising, as an additive, one or more quaternary ammonium salt(s) (i) formed by the reaction of a compound of formula (A): and a compound formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and an amine of formula (B1) or (B2): wherein R is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkylaryl group; R1 is an alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group having up to 36 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are the same or different alkyl groups having from 1 to 36 carbon atoms; X is an alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is from 0 to 20; m is from 1 to 5; and R4 is hydrogen or a C1 to C36 alkyl group.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition comprising a performance enhancing additive, wherein the performance enhancing additive is the product of a Mannich reaction between: (a) an aldehyde; (b) a polyamine; and (c) an optionally substituted phenol; wherein the molar ratio of component (c) to component (b) in the reaction mixture used to prepare the performance enhancing additive is at least 1.5:1.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition comprising, as an additive, the product of a Mannich reaction between: (a) an aldehyde; (b) an amine; and (c) a substituted phenol; wherein the phenol is substituted with at least one branched hydrocarbyl group having a molecular weight of between 200 and 3000; and wherein in the Mannich reaction used to form the additive the molar ratio of component (a) to component (b) is 2.2-1.01:1; the molar ratio of component (a) to component (c) is 1.99-1.01:1 and the molar ratio of component (b) to component (c) is 1:1.01-1.99.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to Mannich condensation product sequestering agents or mixtures of Mannich condensation product sequestering agents for use in fuels and lubricating oils. The present invention is also directed to a process for preparing the Mannich condensation product sequestering agents. The present invention is also directed to a product formed by combining, under reaction conditions, a polyisobutyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, an aldehyde, an amino acid or ester thereof, and an alkali metal base to form the Mannich condensation product sequestering agent. The present invention is also directed to a lubricating oil composition, a lubricating oil concentrate, a fuel composition, and a fuel concentrate having the Mannich condensation product sequestering agents of the present invention.

Abstract: Use of a tertiary hydrocarbyl amine with C1- to C20-hydrocarbyl residues, the overall number of carbon atoms not exceeding 30, as an additive in gasoline for reducing injector nozzle fouling and modifying friction in direct injection spark ignition engines. A fuel additive composition essentially comprising nitrogen-containing dispersants, carrier oils, the above tertiary hydrocarbyl amines and optionally further friction modifiers. A fuel composition comprising a major amount of gasoline and a minor amount of the above fuel additive composition.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition comprising a performance enhancing additive, wherein the performance enhancing additive is the product of a Mannich reaction between: (a) an aldehyde; (b) a polyamine; and (c) an optionally substituted phenol; wherein the molar ratio of component (c) to component (b) in the reaction mixture used to prepare the performance enhancing additive is at least 1.5:1.

Abstract: A fuel additive concentrate comprising at least one aryl amine; and at least one metal-containing compound is disclosed. In an aspect, the fuel additive concentrate can be synergistic. Fuel composition comprising the fuel additive concentration and methods of combusting the fuel composition are also disclosed. Moreover, methods of enhancing research octane number, increasing fuel economy, and reducing the carbon footprint of a vehicle are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a process to improve the thermostability of lubricant oils contained in an internal combustion engine, which process comprises operating the said engine with a fuel containing one or more ashless thermostability boosters selected from aromatic amines, substituted phenols and polycyclic phenolic compounds or mixtures thereof. The present invention further refers to a fuel additive composition and to a fuel composition comprising specific nitrogen-containing dispersants, carrier oils, the said ashless thermostability boosters, and optionally corrosion inhibitors and friction modifiers.

Abstract: Use of a tertiary hydrocarbyl amine with C1- to C20-hydrocarbyl residues, the overall number of carbon atoms not exceeding 30, as an additive in gasoline for reducing injector nozzle fouling in direct injection spark ignition engines. A fuel additive composition essentially comprising nitrogen-containing dispersants, carrier oils, the above tertiary hydrocarbyl amines and optionally friction modifiers. A fuel composition comprising a major amount of gasoline and a minor amount of the above fuel additive composition.

Abstract: New, highly effective substantially pure Mannich detergents for use in hydrocarbon fuels reduce engine deposits in spark and compression ignition internal combustion engines. The Mannich condensation reaction products are obtainable by reacting: (i) a polyamine having primary amino groups, (ii) a hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, and (iii) an aldehyde, wherein the reaction is conducted at in a molar ratio of (i):(ii):(iii) of approximately 1:2:3 or 1:1:2. The Mannich detergent compounds may be dispersed in a liquid carrier to provide a fuel additive concentrate for hydrocarbon engine fuels which effectively control engine deposit formation in intake valves, port fuel injectors and combustion chambers.

Abstract: Polyisobutenylphenol-containing Mannich adducts are prepared by a) alkylation of a phenol with highly reactive polyisobutene at below about 50° C. in the presence of an alkylation catalyst; b) reaction of the reaction product from a) with formaldehyde, an oligomer or a polymer of formaldehyde and at least one amine which has at least one secondary amino function and no primary amino function, or c) reaction of the reaction product from a) with at least one adduct of at least one amine which has at least one secondary or primary amino function and formaldehyde, an oligomer of formaldehyde, a polymer of formaldehyde or a formaldehyde equivalent, and are used as detergent additives in fuel and lubricant compositions, and additive concentrates, fuel compositions and lubricant compositions contain these Mannich adducts.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition comprising a performance enhancing additive, wherein the performance enhancing additive is the product of a Mannich reaction between: (a) an aldehyde; (b) a polyamine; and (c) an optionally substituted phenol; wherein the polyamine component (b) includes the moiety R1R2NCHR3CHR4NR5R6 wherein each of R1, R2 R3, R4, R5 and R6 is independently selected from hydrogen, and an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl substituent.

Abstract: A diesel fuel additive composition, a fuel containing the fuel additive, a method for improving diesel engine performance using the additive and a method for making the additive for diesel engines having a high pressure fuel injection system. The fuel additive has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of from about 500 to about 10,000 and is selected from a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride or derivative thereof and a hydrocarbyl-substituted Mannich base. The additive has a molecular weight distribution such that less than about 25 wt. % of the additive has a molecular weight of 400 or less as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) based on a polystyrene calibration curve.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of amines and/or Mannich adducts as detergents and/or dispersants in fuel and lubricant compositions for direct-injection gasoline engines. The invention further relates to fuel and lubricant compositions which comprise at least one such Mannich adduct, and also a bisaminoalkylated Mannich adduct.

Abstract: A gasoline composition comprising, as an additive, one or more quaternary ammonium salt(s) (i) formed by the reaction of a compound of formula (A): and a compound formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and an amine of formula (B1) or (B2): wherein R is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkylaryl group; R1 is an alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group having up to 36 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are the same or different alkyl groups having from 1 to 36 carbon atoms; X is an alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is from 0 to 20; m is from 1 to 5; and R4 is hydrogen or a C1 to C36 alkyl group.

Abstract: An additive composition comprises a Mannich reaction product of a) a polyisobutylene (PIB) alkylated hydroxyaromatic compound, b) an aldehyde, and c) an amine containing at least one reactive amino group where the PIB is derived from a conventional PIB and a high vinylidene PIB. A fuel additive concentrate composition, a fuel composition, and a method to reduce deposit formation in a fuel system of an internal combustion engine employ the additive composition that comprises the Mannich reaction product which is unexpectedly effective in reducing deposits. A PIB alkylated hydroxyaromatic compound, that is prepared from a mixture of high vinylidene and conventional PIBs, is both a functional additive and an intermediate to a functional additive and the process to prepare it involves running the alkylation reaction at 5 to 40° C.

Abstract: The use of fuel compositions comprising selected hydrocarbon oils as carriers for detergents has been found to reduce deposit formation as well as prolong the functionality of fuel injectors. The selection and utilization of particularly characterized hydrocarbon oils as detergent carriers reduces intake valve deposits and combustion chamber deposits, in comparison to conventionally used carrier fluids.

Abstract: The use of alkoxylates and nitrogen containing detergents in a fuel additive composition to prevent intake valve sticking and reduce intake valve deposits.

Abstract: Polyisobutenylphenol-containing Mannich adducts are prepared by a) alkylation of a phenol with highly reactive polyisobutene having a number average molecular weight of less than 1000 and a polydispersity of less than 3.0, at below about 50° C. in the presence of an alkylation catalyst; b) reaction of the reaction product from a) with b1) an aldehyde chosen from formaldehyde, an oligomer and a polymer of formaldehyde and b2) at least one amine which has at least one primary or one secondary amino function and are used as detergent additives in fuel and lubricant compositions, and additive concentrates, fuel compositions and lubricant compositions contain these Mannich adducts.

Abstract: Polyisobutenylphenol-containing Mannich adducts are prepared by a) alkylation of a phenol with highly reactive polyisobutene at below about 50° C. in the presence of an alkylation catalyst; b) reaction of the reaction product from a) with formaldehyde, an oligomer or a polymer of formaldehyde and at least one amine which has at least one secondary amino function and no primary amino function, or c) reaction of the reaction product from a) with at least one adduct of at least one amine which has at least one secondary or primary amino function and formaldehyde, an oligomer of formaldehyde, a polymer of formaldehyde or a formaldehyde equivalent, and are used as detergent additives in fuel and lubricant compositions, and additive concentrates, fuel compositions and lubricant compositions contain these Mannich adducts.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt detergent made from the reaction product of the reaction of: (a) Mannich reaction product having a tertiary amino group, said Mannich reaction product being prepared from the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol, an aldehyde, and amine; and (b) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a fuel composition to reduce intake valve deposits.

Abstract: The use of an effective concentration of a hydrocarbyl amine wherein the hydrocarbyl moiety has a number average molecular weight in the range 140 to 255 as an additive in an unleaded gasoline composition is provided containing a major proportion of a gasoline suitable for use in a spark ignition engine, for reducing injector nozzle fouling in a direct injection spark ignition engine. A method of operating a direct injection spark ignition engine is also provided.

Abstract: A fuel composition and methods for using it for controlling deposit formation in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine, such as a direct injection engine, comprising a spark-ignition fuel, a detergent, and a deposit inhibitor compound.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method to clean up or keep clean the fuel system of a direct injection spark-ignited engine by operating the engine with a fuel composition that includes a liquid fuel and a fuel additive composition. The fuel additive composition useful in the present invention has at least one nitrogen-containing dispersant and optionally a fluidizer where the dispersant has a specific lipophilic parameter and the dispersant or the dispersant and the fluidizer have a specific hydrophilic-lipophilic parameter, the dispersant provides about 0.15 to about 50 ppm by weight nitrogen in the fuel composition, and the fluidizer and/or the dispersant provide about 10 to about 10,000 ppm by weight active components in the fuel composition. The method of the present invention is effective in controlling deposits in fuel injectors and combustion chambers of a direct injection spark-ignited engine.

Abstract: New, highly effective Mannich detergents for use in hydrocarbon fuels are described which reduce engine deposits in spark and compression ignition internal combustion engines. They are Mannich condensation reaction products obtained from reacting: (i) a polyamine having a sterically-hindered primary amino group, (ii) a hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, and (iii) an aldehyde. These Mannich detergent compounds may be dispersed in a liquid carrier to provide a fuel additive concentrate for hydrocarbon engine fuels which effectively control engine deposit formation in intake valves and also other engine regions such as port fuel injectors and combustion chambers.

Abstract: Deposits and soot formation in a direct injection gasoline engine are reduced by providing as fuel for the operation of said direct injection engine a fuel composition comprising a fuel-soluble cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compound.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for improving stability of biodiesel fuel. The methods comprise adding to said biodiesel fuel, an effective amount of a combined treatment that includes a (I) hindered phenol and (II) a Mannich reaction product. The compositions comprise I and II dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent.

Abstract: A fuel composition and methods for using it for controlling deposit formation in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine, such as a direct injection engine, comprising a spark-ignition fuel, a detergent, and a deposit inhibitor compound.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprises (a) a Mannich reaction product and (b) a polyetheramine where the weight ratio on an actives basis of component (a) to component (b) is 1:4-10. A fuel composition and a method for removing intake valve deposits and combustion chamber deposits in a spark-ignited internal combustion engine comprise the fuel additive composition which is very effective in removing the deposits.

Abstract: An antioxidant composition effective for stabilizing gasoline and gasoline components contains from approximately 50-95% by weight of at least one Mannich base and from approximately 5-50% by weight of at least one amine. The Mannich base is derived from p-substituted phenols or from cashew nut shell liquid.

Abstract: Treated port fuel injectors are disclosed. The treated port fuel injectors have a surface coated with a film which resists or limits deposit formation on the injector surface. The film may be formed by contacting the port fuel injector with: (i) a succinimide compound comprising the reaction product of polyisobutylene-substituted succinic anhydride and a polyamine; (ii) a Mannich base detergent; and (iii) a spark ignition fuel. The treated port fuel injectors may also include a film formed by contacting the port fuel injector with: (i) a Mannich condensation reaction product of a polyamine having a sterically-hindered primary amino group, a hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, and an aldehyde; and (ii) a spark ignition fuel. Methods of forming films on port fuel injector surfaces are also disclosed.

Abstract: New, highly effective substantially pure Mannich detergents for use in hydrocarbon fuels reduce engine deposits in spark and compression ignition internal combustion engines. The Mannich condensation reaction products are obtainable by reacting: (i) a polyamine having primary amino groups, (ii) a hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, and (iii) an aldehyde, wherein the reaction is conducted at in a molar ratio of (i):(ii):(iii) of approximately 1:2:3. The Mannich detergent compounds may be dispersed in a liquid carrier to provide a fuel additive concentrate for hydrocarbon engine fuels which effectively control engine deposit formation in intake valves, port fuel injectors and combustion chambers.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing a Mannich product employs an intermediate or pre-formed triazine. The product is useful as a detergent in fuel compositions. The fuel compositions containing the Mannich product are useful for controlling intake valve deposits in engines.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the use of fuel additives in duel delivery systems contacting or combusting fuels containing ethanol, such as E85. The additives improve the properties of the resulting fuel, minimize the impact of the fuel on the components of the fuel delivery system, improve the protection of the engine and the fuel delivery system, and also enhance the benefits to the consumer and to the environment of utilizing varying amounts of ethanol as a fuel in combustion engines.

Abstract: Provided herein is a diesel fuel additive composition comprising cerium oxide nanoparticles, optionally a manganese compound, a detergent, and a demulsifier. In one embodiment, the demulsifier has relatively low phosphorus concentration to thereby improve the solubility of the components and the thermal stability and clarity of the resulting diesel fuel. Also provided are methods for improving fuel economy, reducing smoke production, inhibiting deposition of sludge, and improved storage stability.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt detergent made from the reaction product of the reaction of: (a) Mannich reaction product having a tertiary amino group, said Mannich reaction product being prepared from the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol, an aldehyde, and amine; and (b) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a fuel composition to reduce intake valve deposits.

Abstract: The present application is directed to detergent base products and processes for forming the detergent base products. One embodiment of the process comprises forming a bis-Mannich intermediate compound by reacting (i) at least one hydroxyl substituted aromatic ring compound having on the ring an aliphatic hydrocarbyl substituent derived from a polyolefin having a number average molecular weight of about 500 to about 3000; (ii) at least one primary amine; and (iii) at least one aldehyde. The resulting bis-Mannich intermediate compound is then reacted with at least one second amine compound chosen from primary and secondary amines to form the detergent base product.

Abstract: The use of fuel compositions comprising selected hydrocarbon oils as carriers for detergents has been found to reduce deposit formation as well as prolong the functionality of fuel injectors. The selection and utilization of particularly characterized hydrocarbon oils as detergent carriers reduces intake valve deposits and combustion chamber deposits, in comparison to conventionally used carrier fluids.

Abstract: A fuel composition for use in an internal combustion engine containing (a) a diesel fuel, (b) ethanol, (c) a surfactant, and optionally (d) a combustion improver, which provides lubricity to the engine and reduces exhaust emissions.

Abstract: A gasoline additive concentrate composition comprises a solvent, an alkoxylated fatty amine, and a partial ester having at least one free hydroxyl group and formed by reacting at least one fatty carboxylic acid and at least one polyhydric alcohol. A fuel composition comprises gasoline and the gasoline additive concentrate composition. A method of operating a gasoline internal combustion engine comprises fueling the engine with the fuel composition and is effective in reducing fuel consumption.

Abstract: Injector deposits in a direct injection gasoline engine are reduced by providing as fuel for the operation of said direct injection engine a fuel composition comprising a fuel-soluble compound having the formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 are independently C1-4 alkyl, R3 is a radical of the formula CmH2m wherein m is an integer of 2 to 6, R4 and R5 are each independently (i) hydrogen (ii) C1-4 alkyl, wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-4 alkyls and R7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-30 alkyl, (iv) wherein R8 is a saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic, C7-23 hydrocarbyl group or (v) wherein R4 and R5 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a cyclic ring in which further hetero atoms.