Abstract: The present invention relates to middle distillate fuel blends, in particular renewable diesel fuel blends comprising a mixture of aryl ethers.

Abstract: The invention discloses novel diesel fuel compositions including a renewable paraffinic diesel component, a fossil diesel component and an oxygenate component, as well as methods for manufacture and use of a combination of a renewable paraffinic diesel component, and an oxygenate component for reducing NOx emissions.

Abstract: An additive composition improves the stability and the engine performances of gas oils, including gas oils of the non-road type in compliance with the decree of 10 Dec. 2010, including: (a) at least one metal deactivator or chelating agent, (b) at least one antioxidant of the hindered phenol type (alkylphenol), (c) at least one dispersant and/or detergent, (d) at least one metal passivator, where the compositions include improved properties, in particular relative to the oxidation resistance, storage stability, thermal stability, reduction in fouling of the injectors, reduction in loss of power, reduction in the tendency of the filters to clog.

Abstract: A method of forming a composition comprising contacting a fuel and at least one compound of Formula I: wherein X is carbon, oxygen, or sulfur; R1 and R2 each independently are hydrogen, a C1 to C20 alkyl, or a C6 to C10 aryl; R3 and R3? each independently are hydrogen or a C1 to C4 alkyl; R4 and R4? each independently are hydrogen, a C1 to C4 alkyl, a C4 to C10 cycloalkyl, or a C6 to C10 aryl; R5 and R5? each independently are a C4 to C10 alkyl; R6 and R6? each independently are hydrogen or a C1 to C6 alkyl; and R7 and R7? each independently are hydrogen or C1 to C4 alkyl; and wherein the compound of Formula I when subjected to GC-MS using electron ionization at greater than 70 eV produces at least one ion having a mass-to-charge ratio of 300 to 600.

Abstract: A diesel fuel substitute composition includes an alcohol, an acetal, and an additive comprising a component selected from the group consisting of C3-8 dialkyl ethers, alkylated phenols, R—NO2, and combinations thereof. A method for forming the diesel fuel substitute is also provided.

Abstract: For producing synthetic fuels, an educt mixture containing steam and oxygenates, such as methanol and/or dimethyl ether, is converted to olefins on a catalyst in a first process stage, and this olefin mixture then is divided in a separating means into a stream rich in C1-C4 hydrocarbons and a stream rich in C5+ hydrocarbons. The stream rich in C5+ hydrocarbons is divided into a stream rich in C5 and C6 hydrocarbons and a stream rich in C7+ hydrocarbons, wherein the stream rich in C5 and C6 hydrocarbons is at least partly subjected to an etherification with methanol. The ethers thus obtained are admixed to the gasoline product stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid fuel composition comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons and a cyclic hydrocarbon compound that suppresses the emission of soot particulates. The present invention also relates to a method for reducing the emission of soot particulates in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine. It is desirable for the cyclic hydrocarbon compound to contain one or more oxygen atoms.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of converting glycerol into organic reaction products. The method may include mixing glycerol with a monohydric alcohol. The mixture of glycerol and monohydric alcohol is then reacted in the presence of a heterogeneous nano-structured catalyst, wherein the monohydric alcohol is present at subcritical/supercritical temperatures and pressures. This converts the glycerol into one or more reaction products, wherein the reaction products include an oxygenated organic reaction product. Ninety percent or greater of the glycerol is converted.

Abstract: A fuel additive imparting high lubricity to gasoline and diesel fuels while concurrently increasing miles and reducing emissions. The fuel additive is formed of a plurality of individual components having individual and a combined synergistic effect along with components increasing fuel lubricity which are mixed with a liquid fuel-soluble carrier and added to the fuel supply of internal combustion engines.

Abstract: Techniques, systems and material are disclosed for transport of energy and/or materials. In one aspect, a method includes generating gaseous fuel (e.g., from biomass dissociation) at a first location of a low elevation. The gaseous fuel can be self-transported in a pipeline to a second location at a higher elevation than the first location by traveling from the first location to the second location without adding energy of pressure. A liquid fuel can be generated at the second location of higher elevation by reacting the gaseous fuel with at least one of a carbon donor, a nitrogen donor, and an oxygen donor harvested from industrial waste. The liquid fuel can be delivered to a third location of a lower elevation than the second location while providing pressure or kinetic energy.

Abstract: A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel by adding to the petroleum hydrocarbon or biologically derived fuel at least one compound having formula (I), wherein G1 represents an organic functional group having from four to forty carbon atoms.

Abstract: An additive for gasoline, especially gasoline containing ethanol in an amount of up to about 15%, reduces the potential for phase separation of water from the gasoline. The additive has two components. The first component consists essentially of glycol butyl ether. The second component consists essentially of nonylphenol polyethylene glycol ether with minor amounts of polyethylene glycol and dinonylphenyl polyoxyethylene. Typically, the additive has the first component present in an amount in the range of from about 90 to about 95% by volume, with the balance being the second component. The additive is effective when added to the gasoline in an amount in the range of from about 0.52% to 0.63% by volume.

Abstract: A motor fuel providing higher gas mileage comprising gasoline produced from petroleum and from about 1 to 30 wt % of mesitylene. This fuel can advantageously contain conventional additives used in gasoline. The use of mesitylene in gasoline blend yields a fuel blend with a higher research octane number and motor octane number. In addition, an improved jet fuel is provided, having from 1-10 wt % biomass-derived mesitylene added thereto, having improved carbon emission characteristics while maintaining required specifications. Further, an improved bio-fuel is provided, which may function as a replacement for conventional Jet A/JP-8 fuel and has lowered carbon emission specifications, the bio-fuel comprised of 75-90 wt % synthetic parafinnic kerosene (SPK) and 10-25 wt % mesitylene.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for converting biomass-derived hydrocarbon streams into products suitable for use as fuel additives. These methods involve the acidic condensation of hydrocarbon monofunctional alcohols comprising five or six carbon atoms to form ether condensation products containing at least ten carbon atoms. The oxygenated condensation products can be separated from un-reacted alcohols and gasoline range hydrocarbons to provide an oxygenated fuel additive that may be mixed with a diesel or kerosene-type liquid hydrocarbon fuel to provide an improved fuel that may have an increased cetane number, decreased emissions of environmental pollutants during combustion, or both.

Abstract: A diesel fuel formulation containing a triethoxypropane and a palm oil methyl ester (POME), and a diesel fuel supplement containing a premix of a triethoxypropane and a POME is disclosed. The triethoxypropane may be 1,2,3-triethoxypropane or 1,1,3-triethoxypropane.

Abstract: Compositions of oxygenated gasolines are disclosed that have reduced vapor pressure compared to those containing a single oxygenate and no RVP reducing compound. Such compositions can be formed at a refinery or at a terminal. Methods of reducing vapor pressure of an oxygenated gasoline are disclosed and methods of reducing vapor pressure constraints upon a refinery in the production of oxygenated gasoline are disclosed. Fundamental properties of RVP reducing compounds are disclosed including IR spectrum analysis. Processes and methods for blending and distributing these fuels are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device of producing low-sulfur high-octane-number gasoline with low cost and method thereof, the device is composed of an extractor, a first cutting column, an etherification device, a hydrogenation desulfurizer, a reforming pretreatment device, a second cutting column, an isomerization device, a reformer and a stabilizing device. Sulfur in raw material is enriched in extracted oil by introducing extractor in the invention, thereby reducing the scale of hydrogenation desulfurization device. The scale of reformer is increased by delivering heavy raffinate obtained from the first cutting column in the reformer. Benzene extractor and corresponding fractionation device are saved by adjusting the cutting temperature in the second cutting column, thereby greatly lowering investment and energy consumption, and increasing the gasoline yield. The investment of reformer is reduced, while the liquid yield is increased by introducing the reforming patent technology.

Abstract: A fuel additive to gasoline and diesel fuels which when added in small quantities relative to total volume of fuel treated and burned as fuel in an internal combustion engine, enhances fuel burning to concurrently increase mileage and reduce emissions. The fuel additive is formed of a plurality of individual components having individual and a combined synergistic effect along a liquid fuel-soluble carrier and added to the fuel supply of the intended internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel by adding to the petroleum hydrocarbon or biologically derived fuel at least one compound having formula (I), wherein G1 represents an organic functional group having from four to forty carbon atoms.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprising: a diesel base fuel; from 1 to 10% v/v of a fatty acid alkyl ester; and more than 10% v/v of an ether component, the ether component comprising one or more ether compounds having in the range of from 8 to 12 carbon atoms and selected from compounds of formula I R1—O—R2??(I) wherein R1 and R2 are independently primary or secondary alkyl.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing gasoline components from syngas. Syngas is converted to one or more of methanol, ethanol, mixed alcohols, and dimethyl ether, followed by various combinations of separations and reactions to produce gasoline components with oxygenates, such as alcohols. The syngas is preferably derived from biomass or another renewable carbon-containing feedstock, thereby providing a biorefining process for the production of renewable gasoline.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for converting light glycol streams of biological origin into products suitable for use as oxygenated fuel additives. These methods involve the acidic condensation of light glycols to form larger products, termed low molecular weight poly-glycols. The remaining hydroxyl functional groups of the poly-glycol products are then modified to decrease the overall polarity of the products, and improve their suitability for use as an oxygenated fuel additive.

Abstract: A gasoline blending components production system useful for producing both aromatics and gasoline blending components from naphtha. The production system includes a light hydrocracked naphtha splitter, a medium hydrocracked naphtha splitter, a naphtha hydrotreater, an isomerization unit, a continuous catalytic reformer and aromatics complex. The production system is operable to produce both refined benzene and para-xylene products in addition to medium hydrocracked naphtha, isomerate, a C7s cut and a C9+ cut, which are useful for gasoline blending without additional treatment. A method for producing gasoline blending components while maximizing aromatic production includes introducing both stabilized hydrocracked naphtha to the light hydrocracked naphtha splitter and straight run naphtha to the naphtha hydrotreater. Operating the production system produces three types of hydrocracked naphtha: a light hydrocracked naphtha, a medium hydrocracked naphtha and a heavy hydrocracked naphtha.

Abstract: A compound having formula (I) wherein G represents at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-C12 alkyl and C1-C12 alkoxy.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for converting biomass-derived streams of hydrocarbon diols into products suitable for use as a biomass-derived fuel additive. These methods involve the condensation of diols comprising five or six carbon atoms to form condensation products containing at least ten carbon atoms. The remaining hydroxyl functional groups of the condensation products are optionally modified to decrease overall polarity of the products, and improve miscibility with liquid hydrocarbon mixtures.

Abstract: A method and process is described for producing negative carbon fuel. In its broadest form, a carbon-containing input is converted to combustible fuels, refinery feedstock, or chemicals and a carbonaceous solid concurrently in separate and substantially uncontaminated form. In an embodiment of the invention, biomass is converted via discrete increasing temperatures under pressure to blendable combustible fuels and a carbonaceous solid. The carbonaceous solid may be reacted to synthesis gas, sold as charcoal product, carbon credits, used for carbon offsets, or sequestered.

Abstract: The reaction product resulting from the chemical reaction of an alkyl phenol with an acid or an anhydride selected from the group consisting of a saturated dicarboxylic acid, an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, an anhydride of a saturated dicarboxylic acid, an anhydride of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, and combinations thereof, has been discovered to improve the properties of various fluids. In a non-limiting example, the reaction products may have an acid number from about 0 to about 50 that may improve the lubricity and/or corrosion of fuels and lubricants, such as hydrocarbon fuels and lubricants, when added thereto.

Abstract: Gasoline fuel formulation containing (i) tricyclene, which is suitably biologically derived, and (ii) a gasoline base fuel. The formulation may contain one or more additional biofuel components or oxygenates: it may for example include ethanol, or ethanol together with one or more additional biofuels. The invention also provides a method for preparing the formulation, its use in a spark ignition engine, and the use of tricyclene in a gasoline fuel formulation for various purposes, including to enhance lubricity.

Abstract: A method and process is described for producing negative carbon fuel. In its broadest form, a carbon-containing input is converted to combustible fuels, refinery feedstock, or chemicals and a carbonaceous solid concurrently in separate and substantially uncontaminated form. In an embodiment of the invention, biomass is converted via discrete increasing temperatures under pressure to blendable combustible fuels and a carbonaceous solid. The carbonaceous solid may be reacted to synthesis gas, sold as charcoal product, carbon credits, used for carbon offsets, or sequestered.

Abstract: A jet aviation fuel based on aliphatic ethers is disclosed wherein the fuel comprises a compound according to the invention, a mixture of compounds according to the invention, a mixture of the pure or mixed aliphatic ethers admixed with conventional jet aviation fuel, or a mixture of said ethers with conventional hydrocarbon fuel, thus giving a product conforming to a jet aviation fuel standard.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition containing an alkylene-oxide-adducted hydrocarbyl amide and a friction modifier is disclosed. The alkylene-oxide-adducted hydrocarbyl amide and friction modifier are surprisingly useful for improving the acceleration response and the driving performance of vehicles having internal combustion engines when used as fuel additives in hydrocarbon-based fuels, such as gasoline fuel or diesel fuel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a mixture of substances comprising a higher tertiary butyl ether of glycerol, comprising the steps: acid-catalyzed reaction of isobutene with glycerol to form a reaction mixture, and extraction of at least part of the reaction mixture from step a by means of at least one solvent, wherein the solvent or the mixture of solvents comprises an ET(30) value of=35.0.

Abstract: A method and process is described for producing negative carbon fuel. In its broadest form, a carbon-containing input is converted to combustible fuels, refinery feedstock, or chemicals and a carbonaceous solid concurrently in separate and substantially uncontaminated form. In an embodiment of the invention, biomass is converted via discrete increasing temperatures under pressure to blendable combustible fuels and a carbonaceous solid. The carbonaceous solid may be reacted to synthesis gas, sold as charcoal product, carbon credits, used for carbon offsets, or sequestered.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts, systems, and methods for producing products such as fuels and fuel additives from polyols. In an embodiment, the invention includes a method of producing a fuel additive, including combining a polyol and a component selected from the group consisting of alcohols and organic acids to form a reaction mixture and contacting the reaction mixture with a metal oxide catalyst at a temperature of greater than about 150 degrees Celsius. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nitrogen-free fuel detergent additive, fuel additive compositions containing the same, and fuel compositions containing the same, for use in internal combustion engines, where the additive is the reaction product of (i) hydrocarbyl phenol, cresol or similar material and (ii) a aldehyde, in the presence of an optional catalyst, wherein the additive provides acceptable engine deposit control that is comparable and/or better than the deposit control provided by nitrogen-containing fuel additives.

Abstract: The use of polyoxymethylene di(alkyl polyglycol) ethers of the general formula RO(CH2CH2O)n(CH2O)m(CH2CH2O)nR is described, wherein R is an alkyl radical, n is ?3 and m is ?6, as additives to diesel fuels to reduce the particulate emission in self-ignition engines.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, reactor systems and catalysts for converting biomass and biomass-derived feedstocks to C8+ hydrocarbons using heterogenous catalysts. The product stream may be separated and further processed for use in chemical applications, or as a neat fuel or a blending component in jet fuel and diesel fuel, or as heavy oils for lubricant and/or fuel oil applications.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for converting light glycol streams of biological origin into products suitable for use as oxygenated fuel additives. These methods involve the acidic condensation of light glycols to form larger products, termed low molecular weight poly-glycols. The remaining hydroxyl functional groups of the poly-glycol products are then modified to decrease the overall polarity of the products, and improve their suitability for use as an oxygenated fuel additive.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a fuel composition for diesel engines. The fuel composition comprises 0.1-99% by weight of a component or a mixture of components produced from biological raw material originating from plants and/or animals and/or fish. The fuel composition comprises 0-20% of components containing oxygen. Both components are mixed with diesel components based on crude oil and/or fractions from Fischer-Tropsch process.

Abstract: For producing synthetic fuels, an educt mixture containing steam and oxygenates, such as methanol and/or dimethyl ether, is converted to olefins on a catalyst in a first process stage, and this olefin mixture then is divided in a separating means into a stream rich in C1-C4 hydrocarbons and a stream rich in C5+ hydrcarbons. The stream rich in C5+ hydrocarbons is divided into a stream rich in C5 and C6 hydrocarbons and a stream rich in C7+ hydrocarbons, wherein the stream rich in C5 and C6 hydrocarbons is at least partly subjected to an etherification with methanol. The ethers thus obtained are admixed to the gasoline product stream.

Abstract: Compositions containing phenolic antioxidant solutions are provided. The invention further provides methods of making and using such compositions as well as compositions that contain both biodiesel and at least one antioxidant concentrate solutions and blended fuel compositions containing biodiesel blended with other fuels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for the production of carboxylic acid esters and/or biodiesel fuel from feedstocks containing fatty acids, glycerated fatty acids, and glycerin by reactive distillation. Specifically, in one embodiment, the present invention relates to the production of biodiesel fuels having low glycerin, water, and sulfur content on an industrial scale.

Abstract: This invention describes genes, metabolic pathways, microbial strains and methods to produce methyl butanol and other compounds of interest from renewable feedstocks.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for the manufacture of a 5-substituted 2-(alkoxymethyl)furan (or a mixture of such furans) by reacting a starting material comprising at least a 5-substituted furfural with hydrogen in the presence of an alcohol and a catalyst system.

Abstract: An additive composition for use in a liquid fuel containing a mixture of alcohol, aromatic hydrocarbon, acetone, petroleum ether, and mineral oil. The fuel additive is added to a hydrocarbon fuel to reduce pollutants and improve burning efficiency of the fuel. The treated fuel is produced by mixing a sufficient amount of additive to the fuel to produce the desired result.

Abstract: Gasoline fuel formulation containing (i) tricyclene, which is suitably biologically derived, and (ii) a gasoline base fuel. The formulation may contain one or more additional biofuel components or oxygenates: it may for example include ethanol, or ethanol together with one or more additional biofuels. The invention also provides a method for preparing the formulation, its use in a spark ignition engine, and the use of tricyclene in a gasoline fuel formulation for various purposes, including to enhance lubricity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel additive composition comprising (a) an alkoxylate detergent, (b) a fatty acid or derivative thereof, or mixtures thereof wherein the additive composition is soluble in the fuel where the fuel is a blend of hydrocarbonaceous and nonhydrocarbonaceous fuel with a nonhydrocarbonaceous fuel content of at least 50 percent by weight. Additionally, the present invention further provides for a fuel composition comprising such a additive composition and such a fuel. The present invention also provides for a method of operating an engine and a method of reducing deposits in a fuel system by using such an additive composition and fuel blend.

Abstract: The use of polyoxymethylene di(alkyl polyglycol) ethers of the general formula RO(CH2CH2O)n(CH2O)n(CH2CH2O)nR is described, wherein R is an alkyl radical, n is ?3 and m is ?6, as additives to diesel fuels to reduce the particulate emission in self-ignition engines,

Abstract: A compression ignition (CI) (typically diesel) fuel formulation is provided containing (i) a C4 to C8 dialkyl ether (DAE), (ii) a naphtha fuel component and (iii) a low boiling component selected from low boiling hydrocarbons, ethers and mixtures thereof. The formulation may be produced along with a gasoline fuel formulation, by (1) preparing a gasoline fuel formulation in a manner which yields a naphtha fuel component as a byproduct, and (2) blending at least some of the naphtha byproduct with a C4 to C8 DAE and a low boiling component (iii) so as to produce the CI fuel formulation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing gasoline components from syngas. Syngas is converted to one or more of methanol, ethanol, mixed alcohols, and dimethyl ether, followed by various combinations of separations and reactions to produce gasoline components with oxygenates, such as alcohols. The syngas is preferably derived from biomass or another renewable carbon-containing feedstock, thereby providing a biorefining process for the production of renewable gasoline.