Abstract: Use of a viscosity increasing component in a diesel fuel composition, for the purpose of improving the fuel economy of an engine into which the fuel composition is or is intended to be introduced, or of a vehicle powered by such an engine, wherein the viscosity increasing component is a viscosity index (VI) improving additive, wherein the VI improving additive comprises a linear block copolymer, which contains one or more monomer blocks selected from ethylene, propylene, butylene, butadiene, isoprene and styrene monomers and wherein the VI improving additive is used at a concentration of from 0.001% w/w to 0.05% w/w.

Abstract: A fumaric acid pour point depressant for crude oil and a preparation method therefor are provided. The fumaric acid pour point depressant is obtained by polymerizing a first prepolymer, a second prepolymer, a third monomer and a fourth monomer, where the first prepolymer is obtained by pre-polymerizing vinyl acetate and a first monomer; and the second prepolymer is obtained by pre-polymerizing fumaric acid and a second monomer.

Abstract: A fuel system for an engine is provided herein. According to one embodiment, the fuel system includes a fuel supply coupled to a low pressure fuel pump, the low pressure fuel pump coupled to a high pressure fuel pump to provide fuel to a fuel rail. Further, the fuel system includes a plurality of injectors coupled to the fuel rail to provide fuel to a plurality of engine cylinders. Further still, the fuel system includes a first fuel return line coupling the fuel rail to the fuel supply and a thermal recirculation valve, the thermal recirculation valve further coupled to a low pressure pump intake line; a second fuel return line coupling the high pressure fuel pump to the first fuel return line; and a third fuel return line coupling the plurality of injectors to a high pressure pump intake line.

Abstract: An additive composition for blending with fuel, the additive composition at least 3% w/w of a viscosity index (VI) improving polymer; and a solvent mixture including in the range of from 10 to 85% v/v of a middle distillate gas oil and at least 15% v/v of one or more components selected from aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenates.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of alkyl(meth)acrylate polymers or copolymers of the formula (I) In-Poly-(E)y??(I) as cold flow improvers in biodiesel fuel (or bio-fuel) and biodiesel compositions incorporating said polymers or copolymers, obtained by nitroxyl mediated controlled free radical polymerization, wherein In is the initiator fragment starting the polymerization reaction; E is an end group bearing at least one stable free nitroxyl radical, which is bound via an oxygen atom to the polymer or copolymer; or a group which results from a substitution or elimination reaction of the attached stable free nitroxyl radical; Poly is any polymer or copolymer formed from ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s); and y is a number 1 or greater than 1 indicating the average number of end groups E attached to Poly.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes to produce polyethylene involving contacting ethylene with a metallocene catalyst system; wherein the catalyst system comprises: a stoichiometric activator; and a metallocene compound. The metallocene catalyst system is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of at least one oil-soluble olefin copolymer B) which acts as a nucleating agent for paraffin crystallization for improving the response of cold flow improvers for mineral oils C), which are different from B), in middle distillates that contain at least one ashless, nitrogenous detergent additive A), which is an oil-soluble, amphiphilic compound that comprises at least one alkyl or alkenyl group bound to a polar group, said alkyl or alkenyl group having 10 to 500 C atoms and the polar group having 2 or more nitrogen atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of at least one oil-soluble compound B) which acts as a nucleating agent for paraffin crystallization and which is selected from substantially linear hydrocarbons with at least 22 C atoms, for improving the response of cold flow improvers for mineral oils C) in middle distillates that contain at least one ashless, nitrogenous detergent additive A), which is an oil-soluble, amphiphilic compound that comprises at least one alkyl or alkenyl group bound to a polar group, said alkyl or alkenyl group having 10 to 500 C atoms and the polar group having 2 or more nitrogen atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to gels that flow through an orifice. Specifically the invention relates to gels that are dispensed through a trigger spray nozzle or aerosol spray valve. Still more specifically, the invention relates to nonaquious gels containing polymers whose instantaneous viscosity reversibly decreases when the gel experiences shear loads. The invention includes spray gel compositions, methods of making spray gels and methods of dispensing gels whose viscosity exhibits an instantaneous temporary decrease in viscosity when the gel is subjected to shear force as happens when it flows through an orifice, such as a spray nozzle or aerosol valve.

Abstract: An additive composition comprises a Mannich reaction product of a) a polyisobutylene (PIB) alkylated hydroxyaromatic compound, b) an aldehyde, and c) an amine containing at least one reactive amino group where the PIB is derived from a conventional PIB and a high vinylidene PIB. A fuel additive concentrate composition, a fuel composition, and a method to reduce deposit formation in a fuel system of an internal combustion engine employ the additive composition that comprises the Mannich reaction product which is unexpectedly effective in reducing deposits. A PIB alkylated hydroxyaromatic compound, that is prepared from a mixture of high vinylidene and conventional PIBs, is both a functional additive and an intermediate to a functional additive and the process to prepare it involves running the alkylation reaction at 5 to 40° C.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of improving the combustion efficiency of a fuel-burning device. The method includes the steps of adding a low molecular weight polymer to the fuel of the fuel-burning device and burning the fuel with the polymer in the fuel-burning device. The invention also includes fuel compositions containing such polymers.

Abstract: A process of producing a universal synthetic based gasoline fuel additive that cleans the fuel system including valves surface, lubricates the fuel pump, injectors and valves while allowing for a clean and more efficient burn. A major portion will consist of (a) Alfa-Olefins, (b) 2-propanol (c) Hydroisomerized High VI HT Base Oils, (d) Dimethyl Ketones, (e) Low Flash Mineral Spirits, (f) Low Aromatic Solvent, (g) Isomer Reformate, (h) Solvent Activated Dye. In a preferred embodiment, this universal synthetic gasoline conditioner additive for improving lubrication comprises: alpha-olefins comprising from 5 to 30 percent thereof, by weight; low odor aromatic solvents comprising from 3 to 27 percent thereof, by weight; 2-Propanol comprising of 3 to 30 percent thereof, by weight; and at least one a base oil comprising from 0.50 to 15 percent thereof, by weight; wherein: the percentages by weight are specified in relative proportion to one another.

Abstract: An additive composition for blending with fuel, the additive composition at least 3% w/w of a viscosity index (VI) improving polymer; and a solvent mixture including in the range of from 10 to 85% v/v of a middle distillate gas oil and at least 15% v/v of one or more components selected from aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenates.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of reducing drag in a pipeline and/or improving the combustion efficiency of a fuel burning device by adding a grafted polymer to a hydrocarbon product. The invention also includes a method of improving the combustion efficiency of a gasoline engine by adding a grafted polymer to fuel and combusting the fuel within the gasoline engine, the grafted polymer having a viscoelastic effect in gasoline in the gasoline engine to generally correspond to a duration of the intake stroke/compression stroke/fuel burn sequence in a gasoline engine.

Abstract: This invention relates to process for increasing color quality and thermal stability of fuel. Fuel that is provided as a feedstock is contacted or treated with an acidic, ion-exchange resin to increase the color quality and stability of the fuel. The process provides the benefit of substantially increasing the long term quality of both color and oxidation (JFTOT) stability.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of improving the combustion efficiency of a fuel-burning device. The method includes the steps of adding a low molecular weight polymer to the fuel of the fuel-burning device and burning the fuel with the polymer in the fuel-burning device. The invention also includes fuel compositions containing such polymers.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of reducing drag in a pipeline and/or improving the combustion efficiency of a fuel burning device by adding a grafted polymer to a hydrocarbon product. The invention also includes a method of improving the combustion efficiency of a gasoline engine by adding a grafted polymer to fuel and combusting the fuel within the gasoline engine, the grafted polymer having a viscoelastic effect in gasoline in the gasoline engine to generally correspond to a duration of the intake stroke/compression stroke/fuel burn sequence in a gasoline engine.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of improving the combustion efficiency of a fuel-burning device. The method includes the steps of adding a low molecular weight polymer to the fuel of the fuel-burning device and burning the fuel with the polymer in the fuel-burning device. The invention also includes fuel compositions containing such polymers.

Abstract: New, highly effective Mannich detergents for use in hydrocarbon fuels are described which reduce engine deposits in spark and compression ignition internal combustion engines. They are Mannich condensation reaction products obtained from reacting: (i) a polyamine having a sterically-hindered primary amino group, (ii) a hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, and (iii) an aldehyde. These Mannich detergent compounds may be dispersed in a liquid carrier to provide a fuel additive concentrate for hydrocarbon engine fuels which effectively control engine deposit formation in intake valves and also other engine regions such as port fuel injectors and combustion chambers.

Abstract: A certain viscosity index (VI) improving additive may be used to increase the viscosity of an autoamotive fuel composition, by an amount greater than that which theory would have predicted to occur to improve the acceleration performance of an internal combustion engine into which the fuel composition is introduced. The fuel composition is suitably a diesel fuel composition, and the additive suitably comprises a block copolymer which contains one or more monomer blocks selected from ethylene, propylene, butylene, butadiene, isoprene and styrene monomers. The additive is preferably used in the composition at a concentration of 0.5 % w/w or lower.

Abstract: The present invention relates to gels prepared from novel anionic block copolymers of aromatic vinyl compounds and conjugated dienes. The block copolymers include a high molecular weight linear and/or radial block copolymer component (SBC1 and/or SBC2), and a diblock component (E1). The block copolymer may be combined with tackifying resins, oils and other components to form the gels of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention therefore provides an additive for improving the cold flow performance of middle distillates, comprising I) at least one paraffin dispersant which is a derivative of a fatty amine, II) at least one block copolymer of the structure (AB)nA or (AB)m, where A represents blocks which are composed of olefinically unsaturated, aromatic monomers, and B represents blocks which are composed of structural elements based on polyolefins and are capable of cocrystallizing with the paraffins precipitating out of the middle distillate in the course of cooling, and n is a number in the range from 1 to 10 and m is a number in the range from 2 to 10.

Abstract: The present invention relates to macromonomer compounds possessing antioxidant properties, antioxidant polymers comprising the antioxidant macromonomers as a recurring unit, and methods of inhibiting oxidation in a substance comprising contacting the substance with the antioxidant polymers. In one embodiment, substantially all of the recurring macromonomeric units of the antioxidant polymers comprise an antioxidant moiety. In another embodiment, all of the recurring macromonomer units of the antioxidant polymers comprise an antioxidant moiety. The method of the present invention, yields antioxidant polymers with substantially all of the recurring units comprising an antioxidant moiety. These antioxidant polymers have greater bulk antioxidative properties than previously known.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to gelled fuels and solvents. Specifically the invention relates to gel thickeners that reduce vapor pressure in fuels and solvents and are shear thinning (pseudoplastic or thixotropic) or are shear thickening and remain pourable and flowable. Still more specifically, the invention relates to nonaqueous gels made with diblock copolymers that reduce the Reid Vapor Pressure of gelled gasoline and lower the total volatility of gelled hydrocarbon solvents. These gels may contain secondary amino acid or triblock polymer gelling agents. The invention includes gel compositions and methods of making gels.

Abstract: A method for improving performance of an engine comprising contacting contaminated liquid hydrocarbon fuel comprising an initial concentration of DRA with one or more effective DRA removal agent under conditions effective to produce decontaminated liquid hydrocarbon fuel comprising a reduced concentration of the DRA, and feeding the decontaminated liquid hydrocarbon fuel to the engine.

Abstract: The present application provides a method for removing drag reducer additive (“DRA”) from liquid hydrocarbon fuel. The method comprises: providing contaminated liquid hydrocarbon fuel comprising an initial concentration of DRA; contacting the contaminated liquid hydrocarbon fuel with a quantity of fresh attapulgus clay under conditions effective to produce decontaminated liquid hydrocarbon fuel comprising a reduced concentration of the DRA; said fresh attapulgus clay being effective to remove about 10% or more of a target DRA when 1 g of the fresh attapulgus clay is added in increments of from about 0.02 gram to about 0.1 gram, with agitation, to 100 ml. of contaminated liquid hydrocarbon fuel comprising from about 8 to about 9 ppm of the unsheared target DRA.

Abstract: The application relates to a method for selecting drag reducer additive (DRA) effectively removable by activated carbons and graphites to be used in fuel. The appliction also relates to effective activated carbons and graphites for removing DRA from fuel, and to a method of using effective activated carbons and graphites to remove DRA from fuel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous process for preparing additive mixtures for mineral oils and mineral oil distillates, comprising A) a cold flow improver for middle distillates, and at least one further component selected from B) and C): B) a further cold flow improver, C) an organic solvent, which comprises mixing cold flow improver and optionally solvent by means of a static mixer, the temperature of the additive mixture at the outlet of the static mixer being from 0° C. to 100° C.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising a sustained release component and an additive component, the additive component is effective to provide at least one benefit to a fuel when released into the fuel, the sustained release component is (1) a polymeric material, (2) substantially insoluble in the fuel, and (3) effective to reduce the rate of release of the additive component into the fuel relative to an identical composition without the sustained release component.

Abstract: A method for improving performance of an engine comprising contacting contaminated liquid hydrocarbon fuel comprising an initial concentration of DRA with one or more effective DRA removal agent under conditions effective to produce decontaminated liquid hydrocarbon fuel comprising a reduced concentration of the DRA, and feeding the decontaminated liquid hydrocarbon fuel to the engine.

Abstract: The invention provides fuel oils comprising a major proportion of a mixture of

Abstract: Fuel composition which combusts instantaneously, comprising from 40 to 95% by weight of an instantaneously combusting fossil fuel and from 60 to 5% by weight of a non-fossil solid fuel chosen from the group comprising urban solid waste, elastomeric and non-elastomeric polymer materials and, mixtures thereof, this fuel being suitably treated so as to be instantaneously combustible. Method and plant for the instantaneous combustion of the said composition.

Abstract: Hydrogenated block copolymers are used as a component in a cold flow additive composition.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a catalyst and an associated process for polymerizing olefins or olefin-containing compounds, to corresponding olefin polymers, to derivatives of the olefin polymers, and to lubricant and fuel compositions that include the olefin polymers or their derivatives. The polymerization catalyst is a metal complex and optional cocatalyst where the metal complex is formed from a bidentate ligand having a nitrogen coordinating group and a second coordinating group selected from oxygen, sulfur, selenium and tellurium groups and a metal compound where the metal is a transition metal, boron, aluminum, germanium or tin. Highly branched and reactive ethylene polymers are formed from the catalyst and process of the present invention. The ethylene polymers and their derivatives are useful in various applications including as performance additives in lubricants and fuels.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising: a) a Mannich condensation product of (1) a high molecular weight alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound (2) an amine having the formula:  wherein A is CH or nitrogen, R1, R2, R3 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl of 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and each R2 and R3 is independently selected in each —CR2R3— unit, and x is an integer from 1 to about 6; and (3) an aldehyde, wherein the respective molar ratio of reactants (1), (2), and (3) is 1:0.1-2:0.1-2; b) a hydrocarbyl-terminated poly(oxyalkylene) monool; and c) a carboxylic acid as represented by the formula: R4(COOH)y  or anhydride thereof, wherein R4 represents a hydrocarbyl group having about 2 to about 50 carbon atoms, and y represents an integer of 1 to about 4.

Abstract: A method of improving the compatibility of a fuel additive composition comprising blending together the following components: a) a Mannich condensation product of (1) a high molecular weight alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, (2) an amine having the formula:  wherein A is CH or nitrogen, R1, R2, R3 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl of 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and each R2 and R3 is independently selected in each —CR2R3— unit, and x is an integer from 1 to about 6;  and (3) an aldehyde, wherein the respective molar ratio of reactants (1), (2), and (3) is 1:0.1-2:0.1-2; b) a hydrocarbyl-terminated poly(oxyalkylene) monool; c) a carboxylic acid as represented by the formula: R4(COOH)y  wherein R4 represents a hydrocarbyl group having about 2 to about 50 carbon atoms, and y represents an integer of 1 to about 4; and d) an anhydride selected from the group consisting of succinic, glutaric, phthalic, and alkyl anhydrides.

Abstract: A mixture suitable as fuel additive and lubricant additive and comprising essentially (A) at least one amine which carries a hydrocarbon radical having an average molecular weight of from 500 to 10,000, (B) at least one hydrocarbon polymer which has an average molecular weight of from 300 to 10,000 and may be present in unhydrogenated or hydrogenated form and (C) at least one conventional carrier oil has a weight ratio of component A to component B of from 80:20 to 60:40.

Abstract: A gasoline is provided that includes a plant oil extract, &bgr;-carotene, and jojoba oil. The gasoline exhibits reduced emissions of undesired components during combustion of the fuel. A method for preparing the gasoline is also provided.

Abstract: A curable composition is placed on a candle, and then the composition is exposed to curing conditions such as ultraviolet light, to thereby cure the coating composition and provide a candle having a cured coating. The curable composition may be the reaction product of TMPTA (trimethylolpropanetriacrylate), itself the reaction product of trimethylolpropane and acrylic acid) and oleyl amine (an unsaturated primary amine having eighteen carbons). The candle may be made of wax or a gelled solvent, i.e., a mixture of gellant and solvent, particularly a hydrocarbon or other low polarity solvent. The undiluted coating may be applied by spraying on the oily surface of the candle. Ultraviolet cure of the coating occurs in 1-2 seconds.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising: a) a Mannich condensation product of (1) a high molecular weight alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound wherein the alkyl group has a number average molecular weight of from about 300 to about 5,000 (2) an amine which contains an amino group having at least one active hydrogen atom, and (3) an aldehyde, wherein the respective molar ratio of reactants (1), (2), and (3) is 1:0.1-10:0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid synfuel additive composition which is used as an additive to coal fines to enhance the complete combustion of the coal after turning it into a synthetic fuel. The composition is a chemical change agent in that it converts the coal/composition mix into a different material which, when burned, results in lower noxious emissions. The composition includes a wax, a base for ph adjustment and water.

Abstract: Polymers (including copolymers) derived from one or more olefins, such including ethylene and C3-C20 &agr;-olefins such as propylene and 1-butene, which polymers have (a) an average ethylene sequence length, ESL, of from, about 1.0 to less than about 3.0; (b) an average of at least 5 branches per 100 carbon atoms of the polymer chains comprising the polymer; (c) at least about 50% of said branches being methyl and/or ethyl branches; (d) at least about 30% of said polymer chains terminated with a vinyl or vinylene group; (e) a number average molecular weight, Mn, of from about 300 to about 15,000 when the polymer is intended for dispersant or wax crystal modifier uses and up to about 500,000 where intended for viscosity modifier uses; and (f) substantial solubility in hydrocarbon and/or synthetic base oil. The polymers are produced using late-transition-metal catalyst systems and, preferably, inexpensive, highly dilute refinery or steam cracker feed streams that have undergone only limited clean-up steps.

Abstract: Compositions comprising a wax, a nucleator, and a wax growth arrestor improve the low temperature properties of fuel oils, especially high wax content fuels.

Abstract: Blooming and/or syneresis in gel formulations can be reduced or eliminated by adding to an organic mixture an effective amount of a polyamide gelling agent having a softening point of less than about 105° C. wherein the polyamide is the reaction product of one or more diamines, optionally one or more mono-amines, one or more hydrogenated C36 dimer acids, optionally one or more C2-22 dicarboxylic acids, and optionally one or more C2-22 monocarboxylic acids.

Abstract: A curable composition is placed on a candle, and then the composition is exposed to curing conditions such as ultraviolet light, to thereby cure the coating composition and provide a candle having a cured coating. The curable composition may be the reaction product of TMPTA (trimethylolpropanetriacrylate), itself the reaction product of trimethylolpropane and acrylic acid) and oleyl amine (an unsaturated primary amine having eighteen carbons). The candle may be made of wax or a gelled solvent, i.e., a mixture of gellant and solvent, particularly a hydrocarbon or other low polarity solvent. The undiluted coating may be applied by spraying on the oily surface of the candle. Ultraviolet cure of the coating occurs in 1-2 seconds.

Abstract: A mixture of petroleum waxes improves the low temperature flow properties of oils.

Abstract: Ethylene copolymers with alpha-olefins utilizable as additives to increase the properties of middle distillates at low temperatures, obtainable by polymerization in the presence of catalysts comprising the reaction product between: 1) a bis-cyclopentadienyl derivative having the general formula: (Cp1Cp2)—M—(L2L3) containing groups with oxygen bound to the transition metal, wherein M is a metal from the IIIb group to the IIb group or of the lanthanides series of the periodic table of the elements; 2) a co-catalyst chosen from alumoxanes or boranes.

Abstract: An ester-terminated dimer acid-based polyamide may be blended with a solvent to form a gel. The solvent may be flammable, and a wick may be added to the resulting gel so as to form a candle. Depending on the composition, the candle may be formed into a free standing pillar, or may be better suited to being placed in a container. The solvent may be mineral oil. A solid coating may be placed around the candle, for advantages including to enhance the mechanical stability of the gelled body, and to eliminate the tendency of a gel to have an oily feel and to accept noticeable fingerprints. The solvent which, in combination with the ester-terminated dimer acid-based polymer forms a gel, may be or include a fragrance material, an insecticide or an insect repellent. A wick may or may not be present in this gel, but in any event, the composition provides for the release of the fragrance, insecticide or insect-repellent.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprising a spark-ignition fuel; a Mannich detergent; and a polybutene having a molecular weight distribution of 1.4 or less.

Abstract: Polymers (including copolymers) derived from one or more olefins, such including ethylene and C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 .alpha.-olefins such as propylene and 1-butene, which polymers have (a) an average ethylene sequence length, ESL, of from about 1.0 to less than about 3.0; (b) an average of at least 5 branches per 100 carbon atoms of the polymer chains comprising the polymer; (c) at least about 50% of said branches being methyl and/or ethyl branches; (d) at least about 30% of said polymer chains terminated with a vinyl or vinylene group; (e) a number average molecular weight, Mn, of from about 300 to about 15,000 when the polymer is intended for dispersant or wax crystal modifier uses and up to about 500,000 where intended for viscosity modifier uses; and (f) substantial solubility in hydrocarbon and/or synthetic base oil.