Abstract: Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feed storks, feed stocks produced by the described processes, and methods of making the fuel feed stocks. Components derived from processed MSW waste streams can be used to make such feed stocks which are substantially free of glass, metals, grit and noncombustibles. These feed stocks are useful for a variety of purposes including as gasification and combustion fuels.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feed stocks, feed stocks produced by the described processes, methods of making the fuel feed stocks, methods of producing energy from the fuel feed stocks. Components derived from processed MSW waste streams can be used to make such feed stocks which are substantially free of glass, metals, grit and noncombustibles and contain a sorbent. These feed stocks are useful for a variety of purposes including as gasification and combustion fuels. In addition, one or more sorbents can be added to the feed stocks in order to reduce the amount of a variety of pollutants present in traditional fuel and feed stocks, including, but not limited, sulfur and chlorine. Further, these feed stocks with added sorbent can mitigate corrosion, improve fuel conversion, extend power generating plant lifetime, reduce ash slagging, and reduced operating temperature.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing dried combustible material includes: a mixing step of mixing a number of particles made of combustible material containing moisture and a dehydrating liquid made of an emulsion containing synthetic resin to form a mixture in which surfaces of the particles are made contact with the dehydrating liquid; and a drying step of forming a synthetic resin coating made of the dehydrating liquid dried on the surfaces of the particles and evaporating the moisture of the particles, to form coated particles including the particles having a reduced moisture content percentage and the synthetic resin coating that covers the surfaces of the particles, and produce dried combustible material made up of the coated particles.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feed stocks, feed stocks produced by the described processes, and methods of making the fuel feed stocks. Components derived from processed MSW waste streams can be used to make such feed stocks which are substantially free of glass, metals, grit and noncombustibles. These feed stocks are useful for a variety of purposes including as gasification and combustion fuels.

Abstract: A fire kindler (8) comprised of a comfortably portable geometrically shaped quartered plate of combustible material having a variable plurality of horizontal apertures therethrough which extract additional evolving gases into immediate combustion for extra heat and which operates in an elevated vertical position between two parallel logs so to present a common lower crest (18A) which bifurcates into a symmetric divergent communal acclivity of surfaces (10), (12), and (14A) which rise into opposite common divergent convergent junctions (16) whereby symmetric surfaces (14B) rise convergently to terminate at vertical height in a common upper crest (18B) so that fire kindler (8) is easy to ignite and will convergently and prominently direct combustion into a hotter and steadier solitary flame whereby potential heat is aimed at a localized area of any intended fuel placed above it. Thus, developing a hot spot on the firewood which increases entropy and rate of ignition.

Abstract: A fire kindler (FIGS. 1,2 and 3) comprised of a geometrically shaped slab configuration of combustible material which operates in vertical positioning to present common lower crest (20) and a structural continuation of symmetric communal acclivity with surfaces (16),(10), and (12) which all culminate at top surface (14). Body of fire kindler (8) having apertures, (18A),(18B), and (18C) of generally horizontal and variable plurality, passing completely therethrough. Other embodiments utilizing lessor, greater, or no apertures at all.

Abstract: Process for treating coal to enhance its rank, wherein the temperature of the material is gradually increased in a controlled set of atmospheres, to allow for the reduction of surface and inherent moisture and the controlled reduction of volatile matter while maintaining the coal's natural structural integrity. The process reduces the time, capitalization, and production costs required to produce coal of enhanced rank, thus substantially increasing the cost effectiveness and production rate over prior processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a waste sludge treatment process in which a solid additive is mixed into sludge to produce solid products. The solid additive includes aggregate-like hydrophobic grains of peat.

Abstract: Organic materials, more particularly wood and woody parts of plants, are intensely crushed, defibrated, heated and physically broken up in a thermal screw press, an impregnation with previously added auxiliary substances being simultaneously effected. The thus prepared material has a peat-like appearance and provides optimal physical, chemical and biological properties for its use as a peat substitute and substrate component. Inter alia, it is suitable as an additive for the physical upgrading of strongly decomposed peat varieties and for drawing out and better aeration of peat and culture substrates produced on the base of peat. When vaccinated with suitable fungi or microorganism, it is also very advantageously used for the mycorrhization of mycotrophic plants and as an additive for the production of high-grade composts.

Abstract: A method of treating and using waste products and to products produced thereby is described. The method comprises agitating the sewage sludge mixture and waste products with a co-agent to bind the mixture in a mixing chamber (1) having paddles (2). The mixture is fed via a controlled feed (3) to a worm pump (4) leading to the base of cyclone (5) where it is broken down into a coarse particles using air from a blower fan (6). The coarse particled mixture is passed to a cyclone dryer/disinfector (7) for sterilisation by steam from an injector (8). The treated sludge mixture may be fed via a hopper (9) to an auger press (10) from which it is extruded and passed for radiation and sterilisation in a microwave oven (12) and then cut into bricketts. Alternatively, the treated sludge mixture can be passed to hopper (16) via a controlled feed (17) to plank molds (19). The moulds pass under a press (20) to form bio-degradable planks (21) for building shuttering.