Abstract: With a method as well as a system for processing of sunflower extraction grist, particularly for obtaining proteins, wherein the particles from shell kernel parts and adhering proteins of the extraction grist are separated from one another by means of screening, a solution is to be created for processing the extraction grist of sunflowers, which occurs in the production of sunflower oil, in such a manner that it can be utilized in many different ways and, in particular, in practical manner. This is achieved, in terms of method, by means of the following steps: comminuting the grist by means of breaking it in beater impact mills (3) and/or corrugated rollers (16), screening the mixture of coarse and fine particles produced, separating the plant shells (fibers) and proteins by using water (5, 18), drying (6) the components, and pressing (8) the woody components into pellets as fuel for energy production.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a solid fuel suitable for thermal power generation by making use of the fruit seed or press cake thereof of a plant which grows in large quantities in nature. [Solution] The solid fuel comprises a composition containing 70 wt % or more, on dry basis, of the fruit seed or press cake thereof of Ricinus communis, Triadica sebifera, Jatropha curcas, Brassica rapa L. var. nippo-oleifera, Plamae, Zea mays or Prosopis glandulosa (honey mesquito) and is hot compression molded.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of transforming low rank coals into high quality metallurgical coke, and the coke products produced by such methods.

Abstract: A method for dewatering a water-containing combustible solid excluding coal, comprising heating, in a sealed vessel, the water-containing combustible solid at a temperature of 100° C. to 300° C. under a pressure not less than a saturated steam pressure at said heating temperature, while applying a shearing force of 0.01 MPa to 20 MPa to said water-containing combustible solid. The method allows the production of a slurry in water which contains the water separated from the water-containing combustible solid and a combustible solid from which the water is removed, has a suitable viscosity and water content, and can be subjected to spray combustion, at low costs.

Abstract: A method for dewatering water-containing coal which includes heating the water-containing coal at a temperature of 100 to 350° C. under a pressure not less than a saturated steam pressure at the temperature for the heating, while applying a shearing force of 0.01 to 20 MPa to the coal, in a sealed vessel. The method is novel and allows the production of dewatered coal which is inhibited from reabsorbing water after dewatering and is also inhibited from absorbing oxygen after dewatering.

Abstract: A biocoke producing apparatus has a reaction vessel that has a preset temperature range and pressure range for, without carbonizing of the pulverized biomass, inducing a pyrolytic or thermal curing reaction of lignin and hemicellulose thereof. The reaction vessel has a pressurization device for pressurizing to the pressure range, a heating device for heating to the temperature range in the state of the pressurization and a cooling device for cooling after maintaining of the above state. Multiple reaction vessels are provided. A pulverization delivery conveyor is provided superior to these reaction vessels, and each of the multiple reaction vessels is connected via a connection tube to the conveyor. The connection tube is provided with a pulverizate charging device for charging a given amount of pulverized biomass in accordance with a timing of pulverizate charging to the reaction vessels.

Abstract: An energy product made from biomass, and a method of making an energy product from biomass. The energy product is made by processing biomass in a pressurizable reaction vessel with heat, pressure and agitation.

Abstract: A biocoke producing apparatus that realizes efficient mass production of biocoke; a method of controlling the same; and a process for manufacture thereof. The apparatus includes a horizontal tubular reaction vessel (10) provided on its one end side with a supply part (11) for pulverized biomass and provided on its other end side with a discharge part (12). On the supply part side, there is provided an extrusion piston (6) capable of reciprocation along the longitudinal direction in the interior of the reaction vessel and capable of pressurizing the pulverized biomass within the vessel; The temperature range and pressure range for inducing a pyrolytic or thermal curing reaction of lignin and hemicellulose contained in the pulverized biomass are preset, and the reaction vessel (10) is provided with a thermal reaction region (13) for heating the pulverized biomass at temperature within the above temperature range and with a cooling region (14).

Abstract: A biocoke producing apparatus that realizes efficient mass production of biocoke; and a process therefor. There is disclosed a biocoke producing apparatus capable of pressure molding of a moisture-regulated pulverized biomass while heating the same in a reaction vessel (1) to thereby obtain biocoke. In the reaction vessel (1), there are preset the temperature range and pressure range for, without carbonizing of the pulverized biomass, inducing a pyrolytic or thermal curing reaction of lignin and hemicellulose thereof. The reaction vessel (1) has pressurization means for pressurizing to the pressure range, heating means for heating to the temperature range in the state of the pressurization and cooling means for cooling after maintaining of the above state. Multiple reaction vessels (1) are provided. A pulverization delivery conveyor (20) is provided superior to these reaction vessels, and each of the multiple reaction vessels is connected via a connection tube (4) to the conveyor.

Abstract: A process and system is provided for briquetting particulate matter such as moisture-containing bituminous and sub-bituminous coal. This process includes partially drying the particulate matter and feeding, the partially dried particulate matter to a briquetting apparatus under conditions such that water vapor is released from the particulate matter during feeding. The particulate matter is passed through briquette forming rollers to form briquettes. The released water vapor substantially displaces or prevents the ingress of a large proportion of other gaseous components from the atmosphere surrounding an/or intermixed with the particulate matter.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for producing a refuse-derived solid fuel using combustible waste. The apparatus of the present invention includes a forming body (10) which has a hopper (10a) through which combustible waste is supplied into the forming body (10), with a drive unit (11) mounted to the forming body (10). The apparatus further includes a force-feed pipe (30) which is mounted to the forming body (10). Thermal oil flows through a space defined between layers constituting the force-feed pipe (30). A force-feed screw (50) is provided in the force-feed pipe (30). The apparatus further includes a siphon (70) which is provided in a space defined in the force-feed screw, so that thermal oil flows through the siphon (70), thus drying the combustible waste. The apparatus further includes a plurality of rod type heaters (90) which are disposed at the first end of the force-feed pipe (30), thus heating an outer surface of the compressed waste.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coal dewatering system, method and apparatus. The dewatering system includes a preheater vessel (82) having a chamber (101) for heating coal, an inlet (84) to permit the passage of coal into the chamber (101), and an outlet (86) for permitting the passage of coal from the chamber (101). The dewatering vessel also includes a heating mechanism (98) associated with the preheater vessel (82) to heat coal contained in the chamber (101) and a non-return valve (92) to substantially prevent heated coal removed from the preheater chamber (101) via the outlet (86) from re-entering the preheater vessel (82) via the outlet (86). The dewatering system further includes a dewatering unit (60) adapted to receive the heated coal from the outlet (86) via the non-return valve (92) and to thereby dewater the coal.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of compacts from comminuted material (12) such as lignocellulose material and/or other combustible material for burning in hearths, wherein the material (12) is placed into openings (11) of a mold (4) and then compressed to form compacts. The filling of a mold (4) with the material (12) and the compaction of the material (10) to form compacts (10) is performed in the pressing chamber (18) of a multi-platen press (1) with plungers (7) plunging into many openings (11) of a mold (4), and after compaction the mold (4) with the ram (3) is raised and additionally urged against the ram, while the finished compacts are driven out of the mold and then are pushed out of the press chamber (18) into a container (16) by an ejecting device. Moreover, an installation for the practice of the method includes a hopper (9) and a multi-platen press (1) with a mold raising-and-lowering device (14).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making pelletized fuel containing plastic and cellulose particles in which a feed stream containing plastic and cellulose particles is supplied to a pelletizing device. The process is used in particular in processes for recycling household and industrial waste streams into pelletized fuel. The invention also relates to pelletized fuel, to the use of the pelletized fuel as secondary fuel and to various methods of firing furnaces with the pelletized fuel. The process according to the invention is characterized in that the feed stream contains at least 40 wt. % plastic and the pelletizing device has an annular mould with holes whose effective hole length (L) and hole diameter (D) ratio (R) is at least 5. Besides a high calorific value, the pelletized fuel obtained has a good hardness, good bulk, storage and transport properties and a good grindability.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the production of low ash fuel using calcined petroleum coke by crushing and screening of calcined petroleum coke below 3 mm size, mixing the crushed and screened materials to achieve a bulk density in the range of 760 to 800 kg/m3, mixing 10-100% of the resultant calcined petroleum coke with 0 to 50% coke breeze, pre-soaking the mix so obtained with 5-10% water, mixing with hinder followed by kneading in presence of live stream, then briquetting and curing of the raw briquettes in a furnace in a controlled oxidising atmoshpere to obtain the low ash fuel.

Abstract: A process for forming durable, mechanically strong compacts from coal particulates without use of a binder is disclosed. The process involves applying a compressive stress to a particulate feed comprising substantially water-saturated coal particles while the feed is heated to a final compaction temperature in excess of about 100° C. The water present in the feed remains substantially in the liquid phase throughout the compact forming process. This is achieved by heating and compressing the particulate feed and cooling the formed compact at a pressure sufficient to prevent water present in the feed from boiling. The compacts produced by the process have a moisture content near their water saturation point. As a result, these compacts absorb little water and retain exceptional mechanical strength when immersed in high pressure water. The process can be used to form large, cylindrically-shaped compacts from coal particles (i.e.

Abstract: This invention relates to a solid combustible element and a method for manufacturing it, whereby in the element an open or closed internal space is provided, and in this space is placed a chemical product for disintegrating a combustion deposit layer. When burning this element in a combustion device, such as e.g. a hearth or a stove, the product is released so that a combustion deposit layer (e.g. consisting of soot, ash and tar) formed on the walls of the combustion device or the smoke flue is disintegrated. The element is preferably formed by compressing an amount of loose particles of one or several solid combustible materials, such as among others wood waste and sawdust, without adding any binding agent.

Abstract: A pelletized cellulosic pulp product is produced from a delignified and bleached paper pulp raw material that is useful as a combustion material. The size, shape, density and glazed outer surface of the pelletized product contributes to controlled combustion of the pellets to support a smoldering burn in use.

Abstract: The high intracellular water content contained within the cell walls of the bacterial cells of a dewatered biosludge is reduced by removing the intracellular water in a denaturing operation. This operation comprises heating the biosludge at a temperature sufficient to weaken the bacterial cell walls. The weakened cell walls are then exposed to a reduced pressure sufficient to form vapor within the cell and to thus rupture the weakened cell walls and thereby release the intracellular water in the form of a hot aqueous vapor and/or released intracellular water. The water-reduced concentrated biosludge can then serve as a fuel source in a partial oxidation reaction for the production of synthesis gas.

Abstract: A cellulosic composition 42 is provided which may be used as a charcoal briquette replacement, germination medium, oil and animal excretion absorbent, or as a source of nourishment.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for time production of fuel pellets or briquettes from sewage sludge solids and municipal solid waste with minimal drying requirements. In one of its more specific aspects, this invention relates to a solid pelleted or briquetted fuel product consisting essentially of sewage sludge solids, waste paper and/or refuse derived fuel, and crushed coal, and to its method of preparation. In still another of its specific aspects, this invention relates to a method for the production of fuel gases from sewage sludge solids and cellulosic wastes.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for manufacturing solid fuel which includes the steps of mixing a biomass, a heavy hydrocarbon and a sorbent to form a hydrocarbon-biomass slurry, the biomass being characterized by a particle size and distribution of about 50% between about 250-2000 .mu.m and about 50% less than about 250 .mu.m, and more preferably as follows:______________________________________ distribution particle size ______________________________________ 10-20% 1250-2000 .mu.m 10-20% 500-1250 .mu.m 10-20% 250-500 .mu.m balance .ltoreq.250 .mu.m ______________________________________compacting the slurry to form a solid fuel agglomerate; and baking the agglomerate so as to form a solid fuel briquette having a resistance to compression of at least about 22 kg/cm.sup.2. The mixing step includes the step of mixing the biomass, hydrocarbon and sorbent in the following proportions, by weight: ______________________________________ biomass 50-70%; hydrocarbon 30-45%; and sorbent 5-10%.

Abstract: Raw material bodies such as briquettes, for use in the production of silicon or silicon alloys, are formed by mixing a pitch and caking coal at a temperature above 100.degree. C. and up to 200.degree. C. to form a pitch/coal alloy. This hot binder composition is mixed with sand and a noncaking carbon carrier at a temperature in this range to form the starting composition from which preforms are pressed. The preforms are subjected to a heat treatment which involves raising the temperature to above 450.degree. C., preferably in a sand filled rotary furnace to harden the preforms into the bodies.

Abstract: The briquetting of bituminous coals without the use of extraneous binders is effected by a system of high temperature, high pressure mold forming of the coal fines material in an apparatus incorporating a high pressure roll-type briquetting press, to provide briquettes of enhanced quality and handeability, with good crushing strength and high impact resistance. The system incorporates a positive pressure controlled oxygen, gas recirculation flash-dryer, and a direct briquette product to raw feed heat exchange system and other innovative heat management arrangements, for high system efficiency.

Abstract: Form or pressed bodies, such as briquettes, are made of a mixture including at least two components. A first component is formed by at least one fine grained solid material which does not soften below 800.degree. C. A second component is formed by at least one binding agent that is pyrolytically decomposable. Each of the components has a mean mixing and deformation temperature such that the mean temperature of the first component is above a standard mixing and deforming temperature while the mean temperature of the second component is below the standard temperature. The standard temperature is such that a pyrolysis and degassing performed at the standard temperature does not destroy the binding ability of the second component. The second component constitutes about 15% by weight to about 50% by weight of the total mixture. Further, the second component is at least partly a liquified bituminous material having a mean CCT-value above 20%.