Abstract: A device for fine or finest processing of a rotationally symmetric work piece surface of a work piece (14), with a drive mechanism (12) for driving the work piece (14) around an axis of rotation (16), two guidance mechanisms (20, 22) acting in radial directions with respect to the axis of rotation (16) and at least one tool (38) acting in a radial direction, and a pressing mechanism (42) for pressing the work piece (14) against the drive mechanism (12), wherein the work piece (14) can be disposed between the drive mechanism (12) and the pressing mechanism (42). The pressing mechanism (42) acts in a pressing plane (74) that is offset from the axis of rotation (16) towards a space (78) in which the guidance mechanisms (20, 22) are disposed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a glass substrate for a magnetic disk having polishing accuracy on an inner circumferential end face of the substrate, and reduced thermal asperities. An inner circumferential end face of a cylindrical polishing object 12, comprising a plurality of stacked glass substrates 20, is polished. A plurality of polishing cloths disposed around a rotation axis of an inner circumference polishing section having the rotation axis are contacted to the inner circumferential end face 116 of the polishing object at even pressure. Then a polishing liquid is supplied between the inner circumferential end face of the polishing object and the inner circumference polishing section. Finally, the inner circumference polishing section and the polishing object are relatively rotated/moved with the rotation axis as a center, or relatively moved in a direction of the rotation axis, whereby the inner circumferential end face of the polishing object is polished.

Abstract: A tool for removing material from a surface includes a body defining a longitudinal bore and an opening connecting an outer surface of the body to the longitudinal bore. A cutting element comprising a cutting surface is dimensioned to be at least partially received by the opening. The cutting surface is configured to translate from a first position to a second position in response to a centrifugal force. In the second position the cutting surface is extended outwardly through the opening, beyond the outer surface of the body. In one example, the tool may be used to remove material, such as oxidation, from the inner walls of a cylindrical article selected from a pipe and a tube.

Abstract: A grinder with built-in grinding agent dispenser includes a driving shank having an adapter end for operatively coupling with a grinder machine for being driven to rotate, a grinding shaft operatively coupling with the driving shank for being driven to rotate, an abrasive arrangement provided at the grinding shaft for refining a surface of a workpiece, and a grinding agent dispenser built-in within the grinder for guiding a flow of grinding agent. The dispenser has a supplying channel connected to a supplying inlet, and a grinding channel connected to a dispensing outlet and communicatively connected to the supplying channel, wherein the supplying channel and the grinding channel are provided within the driving shank and the grinding shaft, so that when the grinding agent is feeding into the supplying channel via the supplying inlet, the grinding agent is guided to flow to the dispensing outlet, so as to disperse grinding agent.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a supercritical drying method comprises cleaning a semiconductor substrate with a chemical solution, rinsing the semiconductor substrate with pure water after the cleaning, changing a liquid covering a surface of the semiconductor substrate from the pure water to alcohol by supplying the alcohol to the surface after the rinsing, guiding the semiconductor substrate having the surface wetted with the alcohol into a chamber, discharging oxygen from the chamber by supplying an inert gas into the chamber, putting the alcohol into a supercritical state by increasing temperature in the chamber to a critical temperature of the alcohol or higher after the discharge of the oxygen, and discharging the alcohol from the chamber by lowering pressure in the chamber and changing the alcohol from the supercritical state to a gaseous state. The chamber contains SUS. An inner wall face of the chamber is subjected to electrolytic polishing.

Abstract: A machine system and method for simultaneously lapping a first machining surface of a hollow shaft and an opposing second machining surface of the hollow shaft, the machine system having a brake subsystem for securing the hollow shaft in a relatively stationary position while a drive subsystem rotates a lapping tool within the hollow shaft such that the lapping tool laps the first machining surface with an abrasive surface of a top lap while simultaneously lapping the second machining surface with an abrasive surface of a bottom lap.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing roller pockets in a stator of a gerotor device generally includes providing a stator having a cavity including a generally cylindrical section defining a central axis and a plurality of roller pockets angularly spaced around a periphery of the cylindrical section. Each roller pocket is configured to receive a respective roller, which acts as an internal tooth of the gerotor device. Each roller pocket defines a generally cylindrical roller pocket bearing surface. The method further includes grinding each roller pocket bearing surface of each roller pocket with a grinding wheel rotating about a rotational axis perpendicular to the central axis. A stator for a gerotor device is also described.

Abstract: In a method for the finishing of a crankshaft bearing bore in a cylinder crankcase of an internal combustion engine, starting from a prepared crankshaft bearing bore, a finished crankshaft bearing bore is produced with a prescribable desired size, a prescribable desired structure of the bore inner surface and a prescribable desired position of the bore axis. The prepared crankshaft bearing bore is first finished with at least one finishing tool with a geometrically defined cutting edge and then the honing of the crankshaft bearing bore is carried out. In a final finishing operation with a geometrically defined cutting edge immediately preceding the honing, an allowance of at least 0.4 mm is removed, and the honing tool is introduced into the bore coaxially in relation to the desired position of the bore axis and moved within the bore, an allowance of at least 0.08 mm being removed during the honing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for grinding a machine part that is used as a drive shaft, for example, rotates about the longitudinal axis thereof during the grinding process, and is provided with a journal at one axial end thereof and a recess at the opposite end thereof. The grinding process is carried out in one and the same grinding machine. In said grinding method, the machine part is brought into different clamped states by means of a chuck of a workpiece spindle head with releasable clamping jaws and a centering tip, a backrest, and/or a tailstock quill. Changing the clamped states has the advantage that the machine part remains in the same position in a single grinding machine, i.e. the clamped position, in all the different clamped states such that more accurate sizes, shapes, and positions can be obtained in an economical manner and all areas of the machine part which are to be ground are successively accessible to the grinding disks.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, includes: (a) obtaining a surface of a polishing target, wherein an insulating film and a metal film are exposed; and (b) polishing the surface having the exposed insulating film and the exposed metal film. The step (b) includes; (b1) polishing the surface in a condition with high frictional force, and (b2) polishing the surface in a condition with usual frictional force lower than the high frictional force after the step (b1).

Abstract: There is provided a method of polishing the inner peripheral end surfaces of disk-like substrates for a recording medium using a brush comprising, providing a plurality of pieces of disk-like substrates having circular holes at the central portion thereof; bringing a polishing material slurry containing a polishing material into contact with the object to be polished; inserting a polishing brush into the circular hole of the object from a first side of the object to be polished, and rotating the polishing brush with the shaft as a center to polish the inner peripheral end surfaces of the substrates; and inserting the polishing brush into the circular hole of the object to be polished from a second side opposite to the first side and rotating the polishing brush with the shaft as a center axis to polish the inner peripheral end surfaces of the substrates.

Abstract: When an elastic layer surface having an unapplied area of adhesive agent at its one end is ground, a method of grinding an elastic roller which assures high run-out accuracy and uniform diameter as well as which can carry out surface grinding with good production efficiency is provided. An elastic roller comprises an elastic layer 1 carried on the outer circumference of a shaft 2 via adhesive agent, and an unapplied area of adhesive agent at one end of the elastic layer in the longitudinal direction of the roller. The surface of the elastic layer is ground by a grindstone 10 moving along the longitudinal direction of the roller. The elastic layer has no taper at the both ends, and grinding carried out by the grindstone is started from an opposite end side of the end having the unapplied area of adhesive agent of the roller in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for optimising tyres after vulcanization, in order to improve the dynamic behavior of the tyre itself. The process includes first of all the stages of measuring the curve of the radial force of the tyre, calculating the first harmonic of this radial force and identifying on the tyre a point corresponding to the maximum of the first harmonic. Subsequently, material is removed from the tread over an arc subtending a principal angle positioned either side of the maximum point of the first harmonic. The removal stage is performed by removing discrete circumferential portions of the arc with differentiated depths of removal, increasing from opposite ends of this arc toward the maximum point of the first harmonic.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and computer programs for correcting a crown layer variance of a buffed tire carcass, the steps of the method including measuring a distance through a buffed crown layer at a plurality of locations around a tire carcass; identifying a maximum distance location from the distances determined at the plurality of locations around the tire carcass; inflating the tire carcass with the maximum distance location orientated at the 270 degree polar angle position; and, buffing the tire carcass.

Abstract: The honing feed system and method utilizes feedback from various sources during rapid feeding of the honing tool while rotating and stroking, to detect initial contact with a bore surface, to slow the feed to a normal honing rate, involving conditioning the feedback signals to eliminate noise factors such as the stroking movement and forces generated to rotate and feed the tool unopposed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for radially cutting tubulars in a downhole environment by emitting acoustic energy into the jet, the acoustic energy having a wavelength selected such that the jet acts as a waveguide, detecting reflected acoustic energy in the jet, and determining the depth of cut from a travel time of the acoustic energy.

Abstract: An exemplary grinding device includes a fixed barrel, a rotatable barrel, a grinding plate, an actuator and a cleaning assembly. The fixed barrel defines a chamber and includes a number of inner sidewall substantially parallel to a central axis, each of which defines a holding groove for holding a workpiece. The rotatable barrel is received in the chamber and includes an outer side substantially parallel to the central axis and defines an installation groove. The grinding plate is installed in each of the installation grooves. The actuator is configured for driving the rotatable barrel to rotate and simultaneously move up and down in the first chamber, such that the grinding plates contact the workpieces and grind the workpieces. The cleaning assembly is situated under the fixed barrel for cleaning the workpieces.

Abstract: A grinding device includes a fixed barrel, a moving barrel, a grinding plate, and an actuator. The fixed barrel defines a chamber and includes a number of inner surfaces substantially parallel to a central axis, each of which defines a holding groove therein for holding a workpiece. The moving barrel is received in the chamber and includes a side surface substantially parallel to the central axis and defines an installation groove. The grinding plate is fixedly installed in the installation groove. The actuator is configured for driving the moving barrel to spin and move back and forth along the central axis, and driving the moving barrel to move towards a workpiece so that a surface of the workpiece is grinded into a desired arc surface by the grinding plate, and driving the moving barrel to move towards another workpiece after the desired arc surface of the workpiece is obtained.

Abstract: A method of machining the internal bore of a hollow pipe comprises honing material from inner surface of the bore the pipe. A honing apparatus for use in the method comprises a machining tool comprising a honing head adapted for insertion into the end of a pipe to remove material from the inner surface of the pipe by abrasion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a machine and process for grinding dies, in which the work axis (CO) of the plate (2.1) in which the die (1) to be machined is anchored is controlled at all the points of its angular movement, allowing the interpolation of the movements of this work axis (CO) with those of an axis of rotation (BO) and with those of respective axes (X and Z), such that the machines has four axes of interpolation, which allows machining dies (1) with their inner or outer diameter rounded or non-rounded and with their transition between these diameters and the side faces constant or variable by means of a single grinding process.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a glass substrate for a magnetic disk is provided, by which polishing accuracy on an inner circumferential end face of a glass substrate is improved, and a thermal asperity trouble can be avoided.

Abstract: A method for classification of defects and running of grinding of lamination cylinders includes identifying defect areas in a map illustrating a plurality of surface measurements of a cylinder. The method includes calculating, for each area identified, a plurality of parameters. The method includes identifying a type of defect associated with the areas identified, on the basis of the parameters calculated. The method includes determining an acceptability threshold of a specific defect for each type of defect identified. The method includes defining a corrective action for each area on the basis of a comparison between the acceptability threshold associated with the type of defect of the area, and a measurement of the surface measurements of the cylinder associated with the area. The method includes determining grinding parameters on the basis of the surface measurements of the cylinder, if the corrective action is a grinding operation to remove the defects.

Abstract: A processing apparatus is provided to surface-finish or otherwise process features of a workpiece, such as a lumen of a stent. The fluid jet apparatus can have a nozzle system and a holder for holding and positioning the workpiece with respect to the nozzle system. A fluid jet outputted from the nozzle system is used to form a desired surface-finish.

Abstract: The present disclosure involves various embodiments for finishing the internal wall of a capillary tube. A quantity of abrasive particles and a rod are placed in a capillary tube, wherein a portion of the abrasive particles is magnetic. A magnet is positioned near a side of the capillary tube, thereby attracting the abrasive particles toward an internal wall of the capillary tube. A relative rotation of the capillary tube is produced with respect to the magnet, thereby causing the abrasive particles to finish the internal wall of the capillary tube.

Abstract: The end face processing apparatus of the present invention is an end face processing apparatus for processing the cut face of a cut ceramic molded body, which comprises an air blowing outlet and an extraneous material removal member, and is configured to remove burrs remaining on the cut face from the time of cutting as well as powder adhering to the cut face and on the periphery thereof using the extraneous material removal member and air from the air blowing outlet.

Abstract: Steel rod stock is shaped into a fuel injector tip having a central axis and including a shank extending between a mating end and a nozzle end. An inner surface of the fuel injector tip includes a conical needle valve seat and defines a nozzle chamber and a sac on opposite sides of the needle valve seat. The mating end includes a injector stack surface and an injector body contact surface. After shaping the fuel injector tip, it is a case hardened to a hardness in excess of HRC 55. Next, the nozzle end is shaped, after the case hardening step, to include a plurality of nozzle surfaces that each define one of a plurality of nozzle outlets extending between the sac and the outer surface. The inner surface and the nozzle surfaces are then autofrettaged to induce compressive residual stress at the case hardened needle valve seat, the case hardened sac and at least a portion of the nozzle surfaces closest to the sac.

Abstract: To polish polishing target surfaces of SiO2 insulating films or the like at a high rate without scratching the surface, the present invention provides an abrasive comprising a slurry comprising a medium and dispersed therein at least one of i) cerium oxide particles constituted of at least two crystallites and having crystal grain boundaries or having a bulk density of not higher than 6.5 g/cm3 and ii) abrasive grains having pores. Also provided are a method of polishing a target member and a process for producing a semiconductor device which make use of this abrasive.

Abstract: Disclosed is a valve comprising a valve seat, the surface of which is provided with several concentric grooves (6) with profiled elevations (7) that are embodied there between. The roughness of the valve seat surface, which is defined by the grooves and the profiled elevations, is greater than the roughness of the surface of the valve closing member while the tips of the profiled elevations (7) can be elastically deformed by the valve and form a plurality of concentric sealing surfaces when the valve is closed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing silicon wafers that include a front surface and a block surface and lateral edges, includes forming a silicon wafer by separating a rectangular, in particular, silicon block with lateral surfaces and before separation, grounding and/or polishing the lateral surfaces of the silicon block parallel to the edge of the silicon wafer.

Abstract: A tool for removing material from a surface includes a body defining a longitudinal bore and an opening connecting an outer surface of the body to the longitudinal bore. A cutting element comprising a cutting surface is dimensioned to be at least partially received by the opening. The cutting surface is configured to translate from a first position to a second position in response to a centrifugal force. In the second position the cutting surface is extended outwardly through the opening, beyond the outer surface of the body. In one example, the tool may be used to remove material, such as oxidation, from the inner walls of a cylindrical article selected from a pipe and a tube.

Abstract: Various systems, tools, and methods are described for rendering regions of coated pipe suitable for receiving press fittings. The systems, tools, and methods may also be applicable for transforming regions of pipe, coated or uncoated, and which are otherwise unsuitable for sealingly engaging press fittings, so that reliable and leak-proof seals can be made between the pipe and press fittings.

Abstract: A method for preparing a surface, previously roughed in a mechanical manner and comprising sharp-edged ridges and recesses, on metal workpieces for applying a thermally sprayed layer. The roughened layer is machined by hammer or percussion brushes with a rapidly rotating hammer or percussion brush having a plurality of resilient percussion wires that are oriented in a radially outward manner, such that the edges of the ridges are broken in order to improve the adhesion of the subsequently applied thermally sprayed layer or are at least curved forming rear sections. The brush rotates at a high rotational speed of approximately 3000-6000 rotations per minute and is displaced laterally with its rotational axis being at a parallel distance that remains constant in relation to the surface of the workpiece such that percussion wires distributed on the periphery of the brush impact with the ends thereof of the surface areas adjacent to the workpiece at an oblique angle that is less than 90° in rapid succession.

Abstract: A honing method and honing control device suitable for the honing having a large processing area is provided. The honing control device includes a grinder and an expansion member for disposition in a processing hole of a workpiece. The amount of an expanding movement when the grinder contacts the inner surface of a gauge hole via the expansion member is stored as a target expansion amount by inserting a honing head into the gauge hole having the same size as a target processing diameter of a master gauge. Then, a honing of an inner surface of the processing hole is performed by inserting the honing head within a processing hole of a workpiece moving the grinder towards an outer side of a diametrical direction by the expansion member installed within the honing head to rotate the honing head. The honing is completed when the amount of the expanding movement of the grinder reaches a target expansion amount established by the master gauge.

Abstract: A micro-concave portion machining method is provided for forming micro-concave portions on an inner circumferential surface of a cylindrical bore form in a workpiece. The micro-concave portion machining method includes performing mirror surface machining and subsequent plastic working on the inner circumferential surface. The plastic working on the inner circumferential surface forms a plurality of recesses with each of the recesses including a micro-concave portion.

Abstract: A process machining inner joint parts (11) of constant velocity universal ball joints, which inner joint parts (11) comprise a longitudinal axis (A) and at least one guiding face by which the inner joint part (11) is continuously angularly movably guided in a ball cage, and which comprise a plurality of ball tracks (12) which are distributed around the circumference of the guiding face and which divide the guiding face into a corresponding plurality of guiding webs (13) and in which torque transmitting balls can be held so as to be longitudinally displaceable. One ball track (12) and at least one guiding web (13) are machined simultaneously.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of supplying the polishing liquid by periodically interrupt the supply of the polishing liquid, thus avoid over-supply or wastage of the polishing liquid. Hence, the consumption of the polishing liquid can be decreased and the production cost can be lower.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition for chemical-mechanical polishing. The composition comprises an abrasive, a first metal rate polishing modifier agent, a second metal rate polishing modifier agent, and a liquid carrier. In one embodiment, the first metal rate polishing modifier agent has a standard reduction potential less than 0.34 V relative to a standard hydrogen electrode, and the second metal rate polishing modifier agent has a standard reduction potential greater than 0.34 V relative to a standard hydrogen electrode. In other embodiments, the first and second metal rate polishing modifier agents are different oxidizing agents.

Abstract: An ELID honing device includes a honing tool 10 positioned above a workpiece 1 having a hollow cylindrical inner surface, and vertically movable and rotationally drivable about a vertical rotation axis while being rockably suspended from an upper end, and a honing guide 20 positioned in proximity to an upper portion of the workpiece to guide the honing tool to the hollow cylindrical inner surface. The honing tool 10 has a fixed guide 12 having a predetermined radius R from the rotation axis to its outer peripheral surface, and honing stones 14a and 14b having outer peripheral surfaces movable in parallel from a diameter-increased position outside the radius R to a diameter-reduced position inside the radius R and capable of being electrolytically dressed. Further, the honing guide 20 has a hollow cylindrical ELID electrode 22 having an inner surface 22a for guiding an outer peripheral surface of the fixed guide of the honing tool and capable of being subjected to a negative voltage.

Abstract: Combinatorial processing including rotation and movement within a region is described, including defining multiple regions of at least one substrate, processing the multiple regions of the at least one substrate in a combinatorial manner, rotating a head in one of the multiple regions to perform the processing, and repositioning the head relative to the one of the multiple regions while rotating the head during the processing.

Abstract: A device for fine or finest processing of a rotationally symmetric work piece surface of a work piece (14), with a drive mechanism (12) for driving the work piece (14) around an axis of rotation (16), two guidance mechanisms (20, 22) acting in radial directions with respect to the axis of rotation (16) and at least one tool (38) acting in a radial direction, and a pressing mechanism (42) for pressing the work piece (14) against the drive mechanism (12), wherein the work piece (14) can be disposed between the drive mechanism (12) and the pressing mechanism (42). The pressing mechanism (42) acts in a pressing plane (74) that is offset from the axis of rotation (16) towards a space (78) in which the guidance mechanisms (20, 22) are disposed.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for optimising tyres after vulcanization, in order to improve the dynamic behavior of the tyre itself. The process includes first of all the stages of measuring the curve of the radial force of the tyre, calculating the first harmonic of this radial force and identifying on the tyre a point corresponding to the maximum of the first harmonic. Subsequently, material is removed from the tread over an arc subtending a principal angle positioned either side of the maximum point of the first harmonic. The removal stage is performed by removing discrete circumferential portions of the arc with differentiated depths of removal, increasing from opposite ends of this arc toward the maximum point of the first harmonic.

Abstract: According to a method for the fine machining of internal surfaces of bore holes in tools by fine boring and subsequent honing, the following steps are executed: Fine boring of at least one bore hole (131) in a tool (130) by means of a fine boring tool (128) of a fine boring device (120) for the creation of a fine bored hole; Transfer of the tool to a machining position of a honing device (140) for the machining of the fine bored bore hole by means of a honing tool (148A) of the honing device; Measurement of the fine bored bore hole with one of the measurement devices (160) allocated to the honing device in the machining position for the creation of at least one bore hole measurement signal representing the properties of the fine bored bore hole. The fine boring device is controlled subject to the bore hole measuring signal.

Abstract: A method of grinding a workpiece with a grinding wheel is provided wherein the shape of the wheel is distorted in a predetermined manner during grinding by changing the speed of rotation of the wheel. This deformation of the wheel during grinding is employed to impart a desired shape to the surface of the workpiece. A grinding wheel is also provided which is asymmetric in side view to adapt it for use in accordance with the method.

Abstract: A thinned semiconductor wafer and a method for thinning the semiconductor wafer. A semiconductor wafer is thinned from its backside to form a cavity in a central region of the backside of the semiconductor wafer. Forming the cavity also forms a ring support structure in a peripheral region of the semiconductor wafer. The ring support structure has an inner edge and an outer edge. The inner edge may be beveled or have a stepped shape.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device to resurface a sealing surface of a fluid connector in a fluid delivery component is provided. The device may include a housing adapted to be reversibly coupled to the fluid connector. Included may be an arbor which is at least partially disposed in the housing, and both rotationally and axially movable within the housing. The arbor may have a first end proximal to the sealing surface and a second distal end adapted to receive rotational actuation. A resurfacing head may be positioned at the first end of the arbor, and may have a resurfacing face that includes a circular resurfacing groove adapted to fit a circular ridge on the sealing surface of the connector. Rotational contact between the groove and the ridge may cause the resurfacing of the sealing surface. The housing may keep the resurfacing head and the sealing surface aligned during the resurfacing.

Abstract: The honing feed system and method utilizes feedback from various sources during rapid feeding of the honing tool while rotating and stroking, to detect initial contact with a bore surface, to slow the feed to a normal honing rate, involving conditioning the feedback signals to eliminate noise factors such as the stroking movement and forces generated to rotate and feed the tool unopposed.

Abstract: To optimize the results of rounding and therefore to optimize the high pressure resistance of the component, it is firstly proposed that prior to the machining step of hydro-erosive rounding, the edge (5) and the surfaces (4, 6) of the high pressure-resistant component (1) which adjoin the edge (5) are each placed under compressive stresses in the region of their surface by means of a grinding and/or honing process. Also with regard to the method, and with regard to an apparatus for the hydro-erosive rounding, it is proposed that a closure element (9) is inserted into the continuing first bore (2), downstream of the second bore (3), which branches off from the first bore, as seen in the main direction of flow (S) of the liquid (8) mixed with abrasives (7), in order to divert the liquid (8) mixed with abrasives (7) from the first bore (2) into the second bore (3).

Abstract: A grindstone contact sensing technology capable of sensing the contact position of the honing grindstone with the inner circumference of the work at high precision. A servo motor for driving the spindle rotation, and a servo motor for driving the depth of cut are provided and used respectively as spindle rotation drive source for rotating and driving the rotary spindle having the honing tool and depth-of-cut drive source for moving the honing grindstone at a specified depth of cut, and the contact position of the honing grindstone with the inner circumference of the work is sensed from various electrical information (rotating speed, torque, current value, stagnant pulses, etc.) obtained from the operations of both the servo motors.

Abstract: A machine tool for machining a molded part, such as an elastomeric coated valve component includes a rotatable cutting tool having a shape corresponding to the shape of a cavity of the valve component. A method of machining the molded part is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a method for the machining of a rotationally symmetrical workpiece, said workpiece is dipped into a container filled with processing means and is moved relative to the processing means container. In this respect, the workpiece is simultaneously rotated about its central axis by separate drives and its central axis is moved along a closed orbit in the container.