Abstract: An analog lock detector for a phase lock loop includes a detector, a logic gate, a delay circuit, and a guard gate inverter. The detector outputs up and down signals relating synthesized and reference frequencies. The logic gate outputs an initial lock signal combining the up and down signals. While the synthesized and reference frequencies are locked, the initial lock signal has a steady state except during brief intervals. The delay circuit outputs a delayed lock signal that time delays the initial lock signal by a delay amount, which matches a maximum allowed duration of the brief intervals while locked. A guard gate inverter outputs a final lock signal that combines the initial lock signal and the delayed lock signal. The final lock signal has the steady state indicating when the synthesized frequency is locked to the reference frequency, but without the brief intervals of deviation from the steady state.

Abstract: A battery powered node within a wireless mesh network maintains a mapping between temperature and oscillator drift and compensates for oscillator drift based on this mapping. When the mapping includes insufficient data points to map the current temperature to an oscillator drift value, the battery powered node requests calibration packets from an adjacent upstream node in the network. The adjacent node transmits two calibration packets with a transmit time delta and also indicates this time delta in the first calibration packet. The battery powered node receives the two calibration packets and measures the receive time delta. The battery powered node compares the transmit time delta to the receive time delta to determine oscillator drift compared to an oscillator in the adjacent node. The battery powered node then updates the mapping based on the current temperature and determined oscillator drift.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for vehicle camera signal strength indicator. An example vehicle includes a first communication module, a second communication module, and a hardware module with a processor and memory. The first communication module communicatively couples to a wireless camera. The second communication module communicatively couples to a mobile device. The second communication module is different than the first communication module. The hardware module (i) determines a metric of transmission quality based on a signal strength from the wireless camera, and (ii) sends the metric of transmission quality to the mobile device to provide feedback regarding a placement of the wireless camera on the vehicle.

Abstract: Dynamic interface management for interference mitigation is disclosed. In one aspect, an integrated circuit (IC) is provided that employs a control system configured to mitigate electromagnetic interference (EMI) caused by an aggressor communications bus. The control system is configured to receive information related to EMI conditions and adjust a data/clock mode of an interface corresponding to the aggressor communications bus. In this manner, the interface is configured to couple to the aggressor communications bus. The interface is configured to transmit signals to and receive signals from the aggressor communications bus. The control system is configured to use the information related to the EMI conditions to set the data/clock mode of the interface to mitigate the EMI experienced by a victim receiver. Thus, the control system provides designers with an additional tool that may reduce performance degradation of the victim receiver attributable to EMI.

Abstract: Methods and systems for performing interference mitigation (immunity management) in a radio communication device. A list of frequencies is provided from at least one radio subsystem to an immunity management (IMM) module. The IMM module determines whether any of the frequencies in the list represent a conflict with harmonics associated with one or more clock frequencies associated with one or more embedded systems. If a conflict exists, then the IMM module makes a change in the fundamental frequency of the corresponding clock to remove the conflict, while also ensuring that other frequencies in the list are not impacted by the change. The potential need to change clock frequencies can be evaluated at state transitions of the device, e.g., call establishment, call release, handover or channel re-allocation events.

Abstract: A receiving device performs log noise amplification on radio waves (desired waves and interfering waves), received with an antenna, to generate a received signal, converts the received signal into an intermediate frequency signal, converts the intermediate signal into a digital signal, filters out and demodulates a frequency band of a specific channel from the digital signal. Herein, a first received signal strength (RSSI 1) is detected from the digital signal, while a second received signal strength (RSSI 2) is detected from the digital signal of the specific channel. The intermediate frequency signal is amplified with a first gain which is calculated by way of the comparative judgment on the first receive signal strength and the allowable threshold. The digital signal of the specific channel is amplified with a second gain.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor device that is capable of performing background calibration during a reception operation without adversely affecting reception characteristics. During a reception operation, the semiconductor device detects a timing at which an invalid received signal occurs upon a gain change or a reception channel change and performs background calibration at the detected timing. In this instance, as the received signal is invalid, performing the calibration does not further decrease the substantial accuracy of reception. Moreover, an unnecessary signal component, which would arise when the background calibration is performed at fixed intervals, will not be generated as far as the background calibration is performed at random timing.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided with a power supply circuit having a function to generate a power supply voltage from a wireless signal and an A/D converter circuit having a function to detect the strength of the wireless signal by an A/D conversion of a voltage generated from the wireless signal. This enables to provide a semiconductor device which does not require replacement of batteries, has few limitations on its physical shape and mass, and has a function to detect a physical position. By formation of the semiconductor device with use of a thin film transistor formed over a plastic substrate, a lightweight semiconductor device, which has flexibility in physical shape and a function to detect a physical location, can be provided at low cost.

Abstract: A radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit includes a tunable filter, a negative transconductance circuit coupled with the tunable filter to produce a tuning oscillation signal, and a counter arranged to determine a frequency of the tuning oscillation signal. The RF front-end circuit also includes a control circuit arranged to shift the frequency of the tuning oscillation signal by adjusting the tunable filter until the frequency of the tuning oscillation signal falls within an acceptable frequency range corresponding to a desired channel frequency band.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for implementing automatic frequency control, and an apparatus thereof. The method discloses: calculating a correlation value of common pilot symbols in a reception signal of each path and a frequency offset value, calculating a combined frequency offset value according to the frequency offset value of each path, and determining, according to the combined frequency offset value, a frequency offset adjustment value for a voltage controlled oscillator, a frequency offset adjustment value for overall reception signals and a frequency offset adjustment value for the reception signal of each path. The present invention selects a method of small-scope frequency offset estimation, which makes frequency offset estimation more accurate.

Abstract: An electronic device capable of performing automatic frequency control (AFC) to maintain frequency and timing without good received bursts, in which an oscillation unit and a baseband processing unit are provided. Wherein, the baseband processing unit computes a compensation adjustment according to a prediction model and stored information regarding a previous digital value adjustment when detecting that the baseband processing unit is incapable of controlling the oscillation unit according to received bursts from the remote communication unit, and adjusts the oscillation unit according to the determined compensation adjustment.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with radio coexistence using clock rate adaptation are described. According to one embodiment, a device includes a system bus configured to transmit and receive data at a clock rate. The device also includes a radio logic configured to receive radio frequency signals. The device further includes a clock logic configured to adjust the clock rate of the system bus when the radio logic is receiving the radio frequency signals.

Abstract: A single chip radio transceiver includes circuitry that enables received wideband RF signals to be down converted to base band frequencies and base band signals to be up converted to wideband RF signals prior to transmission without requiring conversion to an intermediate frequency. The circuitry includes a low noise amplifier, automatic frequency control circuitry for aligning the LO frequency with the frequency of the received RF signals, signal power measuring circuitry for measuring the signal to signal and power ratio and for adjusting frontal and rear amplification stages accordingly, and finally, filtering circuitry to filter high and low frequency interfering signals including DC offset.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radio frequency (RF) receiver for receiving a communication channel modulated on one or more carrier frequencies. The receiver may include a gain adjustable RF amplifier, a wideband signal power measurement circuit, and control logic. The control logic may be adapted to use outputs of one or more measurement circuits to classify interfering signals based on measured signal power and spectral proximity to the one or more channel carrier frequencies, and to adjust the gain of the radio frequency amplifier based on the classification.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention includes a method for filtering an incoming signal in a channel filter of an automatic frequency control (AFC) loop to obtain a filtered incoming signal, generating a frequency offset from the filtered incoming signal in the AFC loop, removing the frequency offset from the incoming signal to obtain an adjusted signal, and providing the adjusted signal to an input of the channel filter.

Abstract: A system and technique for providing to flexible, programmable frequency estimators and spectrum analyzers that can operate over extremely large bandwidths and yet provide high spectral resolution are described. The system and technique may include a cascaded super-heterodyne apparatus for estimating a frequency and a bandwidth of signals proximate in frequency to a desired signal, a tunable filter coupled to an input of a receiver, and a tuner which receives a signal from said cascaded super-heterodyne apparatus and tunes the filter to filter out unwanted signals from the receiver.

Abstract: A management unit allocates network resources multiservice communication devices capable of communicating via a plurality of networks. The management unit includes a communication device interface for facilitating a bidirectional data communication with the multiservice communication devices via a wireless control channel, the bidirectional data communication including outbound control data sent to multiservice communication devices and inbound control data received from at multiservice communication devices. The wireless control channel is separate from the communication between multiservice communication devices and the networks. A network interface receives network resource data from the networks. A management processing unit generates the outbound control data in response. The management processing unit facilities the handoff of a real-time service accessed by the multiservice communication devices via a first network to a second network.

Abstract: A management unit allocates network resources to a plurality of multiservice communication devices capable of communicating via a plurality of networks. The management unit includes a communication device interface for facilitating a bidirectional data communication with the plurality of multiservice communication devices via a wireless control channel, the bidirectional data communication including outbound control data sent to at least one of the plurality of multiservice communication devices and inbound control data received from at least one of the plurality of multiservice communication devices, wherein the wireless control channel is separate from the communication between the plurality of multiservice communication devices and the plurality of networks. A network interface receives network resource data from the plurality of networks.

Abstract: A service aggregator allocates network resources to a plurality of multiservice communication devices capable of communicating via a plurality of networks. The service aggregator includes a communication device interface for facilitating a bidirectional data communication with the plurality of multiservice communication devices via a wireless control channel, the bidirectional data communication including outbound control data sent to at least one of the plurality of multiservice communication devices and inbound control data received from at least one of the plurality of multiservice communication devices, wherein the wireless control channel is separate from the communication between the plurality of multiservice communication devices and the plurality of networks. A network interface receives network resource data from the plurality of networks.

Abstract: Systems and methods for removing phase shifts due to hierarchical modulation to improve synchronization and performance in legacy and hierarchical decoders are presented. To compensate for the effects of hierarchical modulation, such methods include receiving an I,Q symbol that has been further modulated by an overlay phase shift, detecting the direction of the overlay phase shift, de-rotating the symbol by a defined angle corresponding to the overlay phase shift and said direction; and passing the symbol to legacy synchronization and forward error correction decoding stages after said de-rotating. An exemplary receiver can be provided to implement the disclosed methods.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided with a power supply circuit having a function to generate a power supply voltage from a wireless signal and an A/D converter circuit having a function to detect the strength of the wireless signal by an A/D conversion of a voltage generated from the wireless signal. This enables to provide a semiconductor device which does not require replacement of batteries, has few limitations on its physical shape and mass, and has a function to detect a physical position. By formation of the semiconductor device with use of a thin film transistor formed over a plastic substrate, a lightweight semiconductor device, which has flexibility in physical shape and a function to detect a physical location, can be provided at low cost.

Abstract: There is provided a method for generating an error signal for an automatic frequency control (AFC) loop in a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system. Sign information relating to phase differences in received pilot signals is accumulated. In one embodiment, the accumulated sign information is compared against predetermined threshold levels. The error signal is generated when at least one of the predetermined threshold levels is satisfied. In a second embodiment, the accumulated sign information is decimated. An output of the decimating step is utilized as the error signal for the AFC loop.

Abstract: Frequency conversion methods and systems for Bluetooth and FM radio communication are provided. FM data may be received and/or transmitted via the FM radio and Bluetooth data may be received and/or transmitted via the Bluetooth radio. With an integration of frequency conversion for Bluetooth and FM, both systems can operate from a single frequency source, thereby reducing part count and power consumption. Communication between Bluetooth and FM channels may be enabled via a single chip.

Abstract: In a wireless device, a method and system for a baseband receiver interface including analog and digital components are provided. An analog or a digital interface may be selected for a I/Q data signal received from a front-end receiver. The analog interface may be a conventional RF or a VLIF interface. The I/Q data signal may be digitized when received from the analog interface and saturation detection may be used during digitization of the I/Q data signal. When the analog interface is the VLIF interface, a derotator may be used to remove the VLIF frequency. The derotator may be based on a CORDIC algorithm. The I/Q data signal may be converted from serial to parallel format when received from the digital interface. The received I/Q data signal may be decimated before transferred to a baseband processor.

Abstract: Provided is a carrier frequency recovering apparatus and method based on phase shift. The carrier frequency recovering apparatus can recover carrier frequency based on phase shift caused by a frequency offset to thereby perform demodulation without deterioration, no matter how large the frequency offset is, and minimize structural complexity, although a frequency offset tolerance range is higher than a symbol rate and a method thereof. The carrier frequency recovering apparatus includes a phase shift estimation part for estimating a phase shift value caused by a frequency offset based on a received preamble signal; a compensation part for compensating a receiving signal based on the estimated phase shift value obtained in the phase shift estimation part prior to differential decoding; and a detection part for detecting the compensated signal obtained in the compensation part.

Abstract: A method for receiving a station signal is provided. First, a radio frequency signal is received and converted to a first IF signal. Next, the first IF signal is demodulated to a baseband signal and a demodulation signal is obtained, the demodulation signal being a result of differentiating a phase of the baseband signal. Then a determination as to whether a DC level of the demodulation signal has an S-curve characteristic at a specific frequency is made according to the demodulation signal. If so, the specific frequency is determined as a first station frequency, a first station signal is obtained from the radio frequency signal according to the first station frequency.

Abstract: An IC chip allows first communication for performing communication with all of the other IC chips, and second communication for performing communication while restricting communication parties. That is to say, the IC chip performs sending/receiving signals with a new communication arrangement with both the first communication which is a broadcasting arrangement and the second communication which is a communicatory arrangement. This enables the function upgrading electronic equipment to be performed easily, and enables flexible signal processing with a new communication arrangement.

Abstract: A wireless telecommunication device, a method of frequency calibrating a wireless telecommunication device, and a computer program are provided. The method comprises: receiving a reference radio signal of the wireless telecommunications system; frequency synchronizing the wireless telecommunication device with the reference radio signal by adjusting a control parameter controlling a reference frequency generated by a reference frequency generator; measuring a temperature parameter characterizing the temperature of the reference frequency generator; and generating calibration information for calibrating the wireless telecommunication device on the basis of the control parameter and the temperature parameter.

Abstract: A transceiver system includes a first section coupled to a first antenna, a second section coupled to a second antenna, and a radio frequency (RF) unit. The first section includes a transmit path and a first receive path for a first (e.g., GSM) wireless system, a transmit path and a first receive path for a second (e.g., CDMA) wireless system, and a transmit/receive (T/R) switch that couples the signal paths to the first antenna. The second section includes a second receive path for the first wireless system and a second receive path for the second wireless system. The first and second receive paths for the first wireless system are for two frequency bands. The first and second receive paths for the second wireless system are for a single frequency band and provide receive diversity. The transceiver system may include a GPS receive path coupled to a third antenna.

Abstract: A network search method for a mobile communication terminal is disclosed. In one example embodiment, a mobile communication terminal employing a Digitally Controlled Crystal Oscillator (DCXO) performs a network search method including the act of searching for a frequency using a value stored in an Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) mode.

Abstract: An IC chip allows first communication for performing communication with all of the other IC chips, and second communication for performing communication while restricting communication parties. That is to say, the IC chip performs sending/receiving signals with a new communication arrangement with both the first communication which is a broadcasting arrangement and the second communication which is a communicatory arrangement. This enables the function upgrading electronic equipment to be performed easily, and enables flexible signal processing with a new communication arrangement.

Abstract: A system and method for automatically tuning an entertainment system to interface with a modulated audio device includes a processor in communication with a tuner, an audio output device and a memory unit containing processor executable instructions. The processor executable instructions of the memory unit configure the processor to tune the tuner to a predetermined frequency, determine if a signal is present at the predetermined frequency and output an audio signal based on the predetermined frequency to the audio output device if a signal is present at the predetermined frequency.

Abstract: There is provided a frequency transceiver for automatically controlling a TX/RX IF signal in a radar or a communication system, which transmits/receives an RF signal.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an apparatus, method and system for providing reduced power consumption, fast processing of digitized communication signals and relatively easy reconfiguration for different applications, such as communication protocols/standards. The invention recognizes that the processing of signals associated with different types of communication standards can be recharacterized as deterministic data flows. Also, for each deterministic data flow, several of the same categories of computation are performed in substantially the same manner, albeit in a different order or somewhat differently, that is unique to a particular application. Based on this recharacterization, the invention divides the processing of the deterministic data flow for a communication signal among several Class processors that are separately configurable to optimize their particular category/class of computation in the processing of the signal.

Abstract: A frequency error correction device for an OFDM receiver is proposed. The receiver receives an OFDM signal with a preamble section and a payload section including pilot carriers. The frequency error correction device includes a first frequency correction unit for correcting a relative phase error in a predetermined period of time based upon a frequency error in the preamble section of the OFDM signal in time domain, and a second frequency correction unit for correcting a remaining phase error in every predetermined period of time based upon the pilot carriers of the OFDM signal in frequency domain.

Abstract: An automatic frequency control (AFC) system applies in a mobile station for automatically controlling a local frequency signal to be substantially synchronized with an input signal which is a first received signal SH from a base station, and for being capable of shifting the frequency of the local frequency signal to be close to that of a second received signal Snew from another base station when the input signal is changed from the first received signal SH to the second received signal Snew. The AFC system comprises a control module, a memory unit, and an automatic frequency controller. The memory unit stores a plurality of AFC parameter sets; each AFC parameter set corresponds to a base station within the wireless cellular system.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for interfacing a wireless communication device baseband module and a radio frequency integrated circuit. The system accepts a control signal from the baseband module. The control signal from the baseband module is generally at a first baseband voltage. The first baseband voltage is generally the baseband operating voltage level. The system distributes the control signal, via data latches, to a plurality of local level shifters. The plurality of local level shifters are associated with components of the radio frequency integrated circuit. The local level shifters convert the control signal to a shifted control signal at a second voltage level. The second voltage level is generally the component operating voltage. The shifted control signal may be maintained at the component while the radio frequency integrated circuit is intermittently shutdown. The system eliminates the need to reprogram radio frequency integrated circuit components after the shutdown period.

Abstract: An automatic frequency tuning (AFT) system which can effect immediate and accurate automatic frequency tuning of the local oscillator (LO) of a receiver, in order to achieve a stable intermediate frequency (IF) signal while reducing the power consumption and the cost of the system. In the automatic frequency tuning (AFT) system, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) converts the intermediate frequency (IF) to a digital value which is sent to a microcontroller. A signal sent from the microcontroller accurately and automatically tunes the local oscillator (LO).

Abstract: An electronic circuit having reverse scan tuning comprises an IC radio having the forward scan function, in which a VCO capacitor is connected in parallel to a series connected resistor and switch, and a second switch is connects an input to an IF limiter amplifier to either circuit ground or a voltage supply. The invention makes it convenient for a user to search for a radio station by not having to start a search for a lower band station at the lowest end of the frequency band. The user does not need to push reset button to return to the lowest frequency when the user wants to receive a station whose frequency is lower than the current station.

Abstract: An automatic frequency correction (AFC) apparatus used for CDMA multipath fading channels comprises a frequency-offset evaluator, an automatic frequency correction loop filter and a carrier frequency adjuster. The present invention provides a “multipath energy window” designing method for the non-determinacy of multipath signals in mobile communication environment. Frequency-offset information can be extracted from the multipath energy window by a simple calculation and evaluated by a maximal SNR weight process. This invention also provides a step-variable accumulation adjusting method and greatly improves the response speed of the AFC apparatus as compared with a conventional loop filter, whereby supplies better AFC required for CDMA mobile terminals.

Abstract: A multiple channel receiver (200) includes a communications receiver synthesizer (204) and at least one numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) (406) that produce local oscillator signals that are derived from a common reference oscillator (202). A DSP (212) and CPU (214) perform automatic frequency control (AFC) by adjustment of the reference oscillator (202) based upon a signal received by a receive channel using the local oscillator signal produced by the communications receiver synthesizer (204). The CPU (214) also provides a synchronous indication of adjustments to the reference oscillator (202) to control circuitry for the at least one NCO (406) so that the configuration of the NCO (406) can be altered so as to maintain a substantially constant frequency output during the adjustment of the reference oscillator (202).

Abstract: A frequency scanning radio receiver scans and receives transmissions on discrete radio frequencies. The frequency scanning radio receiver is programmable to monitor frequencies in a geographical area where the receiver is located. The receiver is coupled to a communication device, located externally or internally of the receiver, for communication with a positioning system, such as the global positioning system, to determine the geographical location of the frequency scanning radio receiver either automatically or in response to a manual request. A data base of frequency allocation data, either internal to the radio or in a remotely located host system, provides frequency data to a memory in the frequency scanning radio receiver based on geographical location of the receiver determined through the communication device to program the receiver to monitor local radio frequency transmissions.

Abstract: A modulator receives an I-phase transmission data signal and a Q-phase transmission data signal, which have been spread-spectrum processed, and modulates an intermediate frequency signal in accordance with the data signals, an IF-AGC amplifier amplifies the output of the modulator, the gain of the IF-AGC amplifier being controlled in accordance with a gain control signal, an up-converter increases the output of the IF-AGC amplifier to a propagation frequency, the gain of the up-converter being controlled in accordance with a control signal.

Abstract: Locking out of an audio broadcast station at a target channel frequency is provided by using a block-out table containing undesirable program content as determined by an authorized user, wherein the authorized user constructs the block-out table containing an identifying data of the audio broadcast station and a microcontroller compares the identifying data of the audio broadcast station with an identifying data of an audio signal to determine if the program content should be blocked out or reproduced for a listener.

Abstract: A plurality of finger units despread a received signal with a first spread code to output pilot signals of a receiving channel which has been spread with the first spread code. An AFC unit despreads the received signal with a second spread code to output a pilot signal of an AFC channel which has been spread with the second spread code. An automatic frequency controller calculates a difference between an oscillating frequency of a oscillator and a frequency of the received signal for the channels based on the pilot signals of the receiving and AFC channels to supply a frequency control signal to the oscillator, whereby the oscillating frequency of the oscillator is controlled so that the oscillating frequency is substantially equal to the frequency of the received signal.

Abstract: A receiver (10) includes an antenna (12), a preselector (14), an amplifier (16), a mixer (18), a filter (20), a signal strength measurement circuit (22), a radio frequency signal detector (26), and a processor (24). The processor (24) is programmed to receive a signal indicator level (42) from the signal strength measurement circuit (22), generate an automatic gain control command (44) based on the received signal indicator level (42), and send the automatic gain control command (44) to the amplifier (16) to control a gain of the amplifier (16). The processor (24) is programmed to receive an off channel signal strength (48) from the radio frequency signal detector (26), compare the off channel signal strength (48) to one or more threshold levels, generate a filter command (46), and send the filter command (46) to the filter (20). The filter command (46) identifies a cutoff frequency for the filter (20).

Abstract: Channel changing apparatus for automatically scanning or incrementing the channel on a radio, television or other receiver and pausing for a set period of time on each channel to allow a user to preview to content. A scan speed adjustment control allows the user to vary the length of the preview period. The channel changing apparatus may be provided on a remote control device or integral to the receiver.

Abstract: A portable radio terminal for realizing automatic frequency control (AFC) for automatically controlling the oscillation frequency of an oscillator includes a unit for intermittently performing AFC operation, and a unit for shortening an AFC operation stop period when the frequency shift of the oscillation frequency is large. An AFC control method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A reference frequency generating section 10 capable of suitably changing frequency accuracy of an output signal in accordance with an input control voltage, and a high-accurate reference frequency generating section 13 having accuracy for a temperature change extremely higher than that of the reference frequency generating section 10 and in which output frequency accuracy thereof changes only within a range of prescribed values (frequency accuracy within a range where transmission and reception of a portable telephone can be conducted) are provided. A reference frequency after an AFC operation, which is output from the reference frequency generating section 10, is compared with an output signal from the high-accurate reference frequency generating section 13, and whether or not frequency accuracy of an output signal from the reference frequency generating section 10 meets a prescribed value is determined.

Abstract: A transceiver system includes a first section coupled to a first antenna, a second section coupled to a second antenna, and a radio frequency (RF) unit. The first section includes a transmit path and a first receive path for a first (e.g., GSM) wireless system, a transmit path and a first receive path for a second (e.g., CDMA) wireless system, and a transmit/receive (T/R) switch that couples the signal paths to the first antenna. The second section includes a second receive path for the first wireless system and a second receive path for the second wireless system. The first and second receive paths for the first wireless system are for two frequency bands. The first and second receive paths for the second wireless system are for a single frequency band and provide receive diversity. The transceiver system may include a GPS receive path coupled to a third antenna.