Abstract: In one embodiment, an audio system can generate parametrically formulated noise signals. According to an embodiment, an audio system can both determine the hearing ability of an individual and increase the hearing ability of the individual by using parametrically formulated noise. According to an embodiment, an audio system can generate parametrically formulated noise having a power spectrum amplitude that is a function of an individual's hearing threshold across a range of frequencies as measured using parametrically formulated noise test signals.

Abstract: A receiver and a program capable of, when they have received a pulse noise together with a reception signal, improving quality of the reception signal are provided. A receiver according to the present disclosure includes a received-signal amplification circuit configured to amplify a monitoring received signal branched from a received signal, a gain control circuit configured to set a gain setting value for an AGC operation in the received-signal amplification circuit, the AGC operation being an operation for making an amplitude of an amplified monitoring received signal fall within a predetermined range, a pulse detection circuit configured to monitor a change in the gain setting value and detect whether or not a pulse noise is contained in the received signal based on whether or not the change in the gain setting value meets a predetermined condition.

Abstract: An interference sensor device is disclosed. The interference sensor device includes a first conductive plate, a second conductive plate aligned parallel to the first conductive plate, a non-conductive matter between the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate and a coil electrically coupled to the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate.

Abstract: A method and mobile device for decoding a paging message transmitted as multiple bursts in a wireless communication system are provided. In the method, only the first burst among four bursts of a transmitted paging message is received and equalized. The equalized first burst is compared (e.g., by computing correlation) with a reference paging message. The first comparison result value obtained from the first comparison is compared with a threshold value. If the first comparison result value is greater than the threshold value, second through fourth bursts of the paging message are not received, and a previous decoded paging message is output and a sleep state is entered. If the comparison result value is not greater than the threshold value, the second through fourth bursts are received and decoded, the decoded paging message is encoded, and a first burst of the encoded paging message is stored as the reference paging message.

Abstract: Adjacent interference is reliably detected in an FM tuner. A receiving field strength judgment circuit (102) compares a reception field strength signal SM-DC input from an S-meter circuit (92) and a reference voltage Vref2, and outputs a receiving strength judgment signal SRE. An SD band judgment circuit (104) uses a window comparator to determine, based on an f-V conversion characteristic of a detection output SDET, whether or not a voltage ?V generated based on SDET is within a voltage range corresponding to a narrow band WN, and whether or not the voltage ?V is within a voltage range corresponding to a wide band WW; and outputs determination signals SBD-N, SBD-W corresponding respectively to WN, WW. An SD circuit (106) performs a station detection based on SRE and SBD-N, and determines the presence or absence of adjacent interference based on, e.g., SBD-N and SBD-W.

Abstract: A transceiver device that performs an intercept point calibration using signal interferers is described. The signal interferers include at least self-generated signal interferers or opportunistic signal interferers in surrounding areas. Due to non-linearity in the transceiver device, intermodulation distortion (IMD) signal components are generated. Filtering of the IMD signal components is performed to allow low-frequency components, such as a second order intermodulation (IM2) to pass through. A dynamic minimization algorithm is performed to minimize distortion effects of the low-frequency components.

Abstract: Antenna noise temperature is determined for a handheld wireless communication device which typically includes a radio, e.g. having a wireless transceiver and associated circuitry connected thereto, and an antenna connected to the radio. The method includes measuring an antenna thermal noise component, measuring a radio noise component, measuring an environmental background noise component, and determining the antenna noise temperature based upon the measured antenna thermal noise, radio noise, and environmental background noise components. The method may include measuring antenna efficiency, and determining further includes weighting at least one of the measured antenna thermal noise, radio noise and environmental background noise components based upon the measured antenna efficiency.

Abstract: A radio communication apparatus includes a first detection unit configured to detect a first signal in a first carrier sense period contained in a pre assigned reception slot, a relaying unit configured to relay the detected first signal, a second detection unit configured to detect a second signal in a second carrier sense period contained in a pre assigned transmission slot, and a stopping unit configured to stop transmission in the transmission slot when the second detection unit detects the second signal.

Abstract: A method implementable in an audio receiver having an input for receiving broadcast signals including a set of channels and a squelching controller includes converting the signals associated with each channel into respective digital signals, and tuning the digital signals associated with a first subset of the channels. For each channel of the first channel subset, a respective set of amplitudes associated with respective frequencies of the associated digital signal is determined. A random-noise-level value associated with each channel of the first channel subset is determined from each set of the signal amplitudes. If a signal amplitude associated with a first channel of the first channel subset exceeds the random-noise-level of the first channel, a second subset of the channels of the set is tuned. Otherwise, the random-noise-levels are provided to the squelching controller.

Abstract: A system for detecting a broadcast channel in a radio receiver includes a receive signal strength indicator (RSSI) element configured to develop an RSSI signal that is representative of a power in a desired channel, a switchable bandwidth channel select filter having a power detector configured to compare a power output of the desired channel and at least one channel adjacent to the desired channel to develop a signal to adjacent channel power ratio (SACPR) signal that is representative of the noise in the desired channel, and a seek element configured to determine whether the RSSI signal is greater than a predetermined RSSI threshold and configured to determine whether the SACPR signal is greater than a predetermined SACPR threshold.

Abstract: Antenna noise temperature is determined for a handheld wireless communication device which typically includes a radio, e.g. having a wireless transceiver and associated circuitry connected thereto, and an antenna connected to the radio. The method includes measuring an antenna thermal noise component, measuring a radio noise component, measuring an environmental background noise component, and determining the antenna noise temperature based upon the measured antenna thermal noise, radio noise, and environmental background noise components. The method may include measuring antenna efficiency, and determining further includes weighting at least one of the measured antenna thermal noise, radio noise and environmental background noise components based upon the measured antenna efficiency.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for dynamic switching techniques for space-time coding/decoding based on channel status information for a MIMO-OFDM system. The system and method for dynamic switching of space-time coding mode include a determining step for determining a space-time coding mode based on feedback information by a transmitter; a mapping step for mapping the determined coding mode to a corresponding coder so that a number of sets symbol streams corresponding to respective transmit antennas are generated after coding a modulated symbol sequence for desired coding; and a feedback step for periodically feeding used coding mode information back to a receiver via a forward control channel.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus and a method for determining the frequency of a radio frequency signal. The coherency of a received signal is determined and only the frequency of a coherent signal is determined. Zero amplitude transitions of coherent signals are counted in respective time periods. If the counts in each time period agree within a quantization error, the accumulated counts for a fixed time period are employed to determine a frequency. The frequency determining apparatus and method are particularly useful with a frequency agile radio receiver for detecting the presence of radio frequency signals from nearby mobile and stationary transmitters. Upon determination of the frequency of the nearby transmitter, the channel of transmission can be determined from a memory within the receiver and the receiver can be tuned to monitor the transmission. Additional tests to verify the frequency determination may be applied using squelch and window detector circuits of the radio receiver.

Abstract: Antenna noise temperature is determined for a handheld wireless communication device which typically includes a radio, e.g. having a wireless transceiver and associated circuitry connected thereto, and an antenna connected to the radio. The method includes measuring an antenna thermal noise component, measuring a radio noise component, measuring an environmental background noise component, and determining the antenna noise temperature based upon the measured antenna thermal noise, radio noise, and environmental background noise components. The method may include measuring antenna efficiency, and determining further includes weighting at least one of the measured antenna thermal noise, radio noise and environmental background noise components based upon the measured antenna efficiency.

Abstract: In a dual-channel HD radio receiver, when the broadband filter channel is compromised, the broadband channel is inactivated and the narrowband channel is activated. By mixing the signals of the two channels during the change, undesirable audio artifacts can be minimized.

Abstract: The voltage on the most sensitive noise sensing line that is thin and long inside in terms of layout and is near the power supply line or the ground line is captured by use of the system clock. A layout fixing logic constituted by a flip-flop is provided, and only when the voltage on the noise sensing line is changed due to noise or the like, first sensing data is outputted at low level from the layout fixing logic. Noise immunity characteristics can be improved by changing the circuit operation of the memory by the first sensing data.

Abstract: A squelch circuit for operating at high speed and at high frequencies includes a squelch input unit, a low swing pre-amplifier and a sampling and decision circuit. The squelch input unit pre-processes the positive and negative signals of an input signal to generate four pre-processed signals that are paired and sent to the low swing pre-amplifier. The outputs of the low-swing pre-amplifier are then over-sampled by the sampling and decision circuit. Multi-phase clocks are used to control the over-sampling in the sampling and decision circuit. A logic circuit then determines if the state of the input signal based on multiple samples.

Abstract: A method for identifying a bad GSM speed frame and simultaneously maintaining a frame erasure rate below a specified value. The method is based upon a joint use of four signal quality metrics: (1) frame CRC parity check; (2) estimated burst signal-to-noise ratio; (3) estimated frame bit error count; and (4) stealing flag values of a frame. Another feature includes providing an improved estimated burst signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: A diversity reception handset includes a receiver for receiving pilot and plural increments of traffic sent from a base station within a service area of a wireless communications network. The handset includes at least two antennas, a switch for switching a receiver between the two antennas, a time-of-arrival searcher circuit connected to the receiver and responsive to the pilot for determining time of arrival of the received signals and expected time of arrival of each increment, and a controller for controlling the switch based upon determined expected time of arrival of each increment.

Abstract: A radio carrier signal is detected (20) after being converted to digital form and is filtered (22). A noise estimator (24) generates a noise estimate signal by estimating the noise in the detected signal due to atmospheric conditions and the noise due to the gain in noise figure properties of the circuitry. The output of the noise estimator is used to calculate a threshold signal (50) and another detection operation (52) determines whether the power of a signal derived from the detected signal exceeds the threshold. If the threshold is exceeded, the detected signal is passed through a signal conditioner, such as a switch (54) to an output path (56).

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for controlling the signal level in a digital receiver, wherein the level of a received analog signal is controlled in an analog control circuit (35), whereafter the level of the analog signal coming from the analog control circuit (35) is controlled in a digital control circuit (34), the analog signal is converted into a digital signal in an A/D converter (13) and the amplification factor of the digital control circuit (34) is adjusted on the basis of the signal level of the digital signal coming from the A/D converter (13). The invention also pertains to an apparatus (30) for controlling signal levels in a digital receiver, said apparatus (30) comprising at least an analog control circuit (35) to control the level of an analog signal and a digital control circuit (34) to control the level of the analog signal produced by the analog control circuit (35).

Abstract: A pulse noise canceler in which the sensibility of FM pulse noise detection is decreased when an FM wave exceeding the minimum bandwidth which is predetermined of an FM wave detector is input to the pulse noise canceler. In order to detect pulse noise from an output from the FM wave detector in an FM tuner to open a holding gate, an FM pulse noise detector is constituted by a high-pass filter, a variable control amplifier, a full wave detector, and the like. An over deviation detector is constituted by a signal meter for detecting a received field strength, an attenuator, and a high-pass filter, thereby detecting an over deviation level of the FM wave detector. This detection output from the over deviation detector is input to a bottom peak detector and becomes an over deviation signal. An over deviation signal from the over deviation detector is incorporated in the arrangement of a noise AGC amplifier in the FM pulse noise detector to influence control of the holding gate.

Abstract: This inventions is in the field of detergent enzymes. More specifically, the invention relates to the use of proteases from fungi of the genus Verticillium for detergent purposes.

Abstract: A mute circuit for an audio amplifier has been provided. The mute circuit alternately switches from a normal mode of operation to a mute mode of operation. In the normal mode of operation, the mute circuit utilizes a first op amp circuit to amplify an input signal by a predetermined factor. In the mute mode of operation, the mute circuit utilizes a second op amp circuit which is configured as an unity gain amplifier. In the mute mode, DC shifts occurring at the output of the second op amp circuit are minimized. Further, the second op amp circuit has a low output impedance thereby providing excellent attenuation of an audio input signal when the mute circuit is utilized in an audio amplifier application.

Abstract: A noise blanker is disclosed which blanks out impulse noise emanating from the alternator, ignition systems of rotor vehicles, and other sources. This is accomplished by delaying an input IF signal while generating a blanking gate pulse occurring at the same time as the noise pulses. These blanking pulses are then used in turn off the delayed IF signal precisely where the noise occurs, resulting in noise-free audio reception. The noise blanker operates to detect noise pulses by detecting the leading edge of any narrow pulse which is received at the front end of the receiver and is reflected in the IF input signal. At the same time, by virtue of the operation of an AGC amplifier the noise blanker's vulnerability to interference or capture by continuous-wave signals is reduced.

Abstract: An apparatus and method removes interfering noise pulses from low-level ro-frequency signals through the application of a video-frequency circuit which causes detection of interfering pulses above an automatically and dynamically established threshold voltage level. Upon detection of an interfering pulse a control signal activates a hold circuit causing the conventional radiometric circuit to be interrupted during the period of the occurrence of the interfering pulse, thereby blocking passage of the pulse, while simultaneously the voltage level of the video-frequency signal is held constant.

Abstract: A radio receiver including an RF amplifier stage arranged to receive transmitted RF signals and noise signals from an antenna, a mixer stage for converting the RF signals to intermediate frequency (IF) signals and supplying the IF signals to a blanker gate receiving blanking signals from a blanking signal source, the gate normally passing IF signals to discriminator means to demodulate the IF signals to audio signals, but decoupling the mixer stage from the demodulator when the blanking signal is present. The audio signal output from the discriminator is applied to a noise squelch circuit which detects noise frequencies above a predetermined frequency. If the predetermined frequency is exceeded, a squelch signal is generated to block or mute the audio signals. In the present invention, the squelch circuit employs an averaging detector instead of a peak detector in order to eliminate short duration spikes in the squelch circuit.