Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring a filtering characteristic, pre-equalizer and communication equipment. Wherein, the apparatus for measuring a filtering characteristic includes: a first measuring unit configured to measure multiple pieces of first average power of multiple first signals obtained after multiple first transmission signals pass through a transmitting end filtering module and are modulated, frequencies of the multiple first transmission signals being different; and a first processing unit configured to determine a filtering characteristic of the transmitting end according to the first average power, amplitudes of the first transmission signals and a first predefined correspondence relationship between average power of signals after passing through the transmitting end filtering module and being modulated and a product of amplitudes of the signals and the filtering characteristic of the transmitting end.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention is disclosed including a method for adaptive reception, the method. The method includes receiving, by a user equipment (UE), an indicator from a first component carrier, the indicator indicating whether a second component carrier is in the On state. Receiving, by the UE, from the second component carrier a subframe wherein a reference signal is provided at a first symbol position of the subframe in a majority of subcarriers of the subframe. The second component carrier and the UE are then synchronized based on the reference signals. The UE then initiates a data link with the second component carrier.

Abstract: A method includes detecting, using a WiFi access point, channel use data indicating traffic on a plurality of channels of an unlicensed LTE band in a wireless network. The method further includes providing the channel use data to a Long Term Evolution (LTE) access point. The method further includes selecting, using the LTE access point, a channel for use in transmitting data by the LTE access point from among the plurality of channels based on the channel use data from the WiFi access point. The method further includes providing, from the LTE access point, an indication of an upcoming transmission configured to transmit data on the channel to the WiFi access point. The method further includes broadcasting one or more messages from the WiFi access point to one or more WiFi nodes, the one or more messages configured to prevent the WiFi nodes from transmitting on the channel.

Abstract: A plurality of nodes in a first network mitigate data restrictions on access points which are an interface between the first network and a second network. The access points advertise their access parameters to the second network to the nodes. The nodes maintain a list of the advertised access parameters of each access point. The nodes determine whether to transmit data to the second network according to a first transmission mode or a second transmission mode based on the data to be transmitted and the list of access parameters maintained by that node. In the first transmission mode, the node determines to transmit the data to a first access point having a lowest cost with that node. In the second transmission mode, the node determines to transmit the data to a second access point having fewer access restrictions to the second network than the first access point.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for providing a victim database discovery procedure. The victim database discovery procedure may be guided by an initial list of potential victim databases that may be defined by physical properties such as the geographic or regional relationships of the areas that may be protected by each database. Exchange procedures are disclosed in which incumbent information between two databases is exchanged. Also described herein are exchanges of information between databases whereby a querying database may receive restrictions on associated operating parameters of Cognitive Radio Systems (CRSs) under their control in an area. Further, a procedure is described herein by which a database that receives a request for shared spectrum from a CRS may first forward the request to a neighboring or victim database to determine the allowable channels and then may make the actual allocation based on this information and its own incumbents.

Abstract: An example method is provided in one example embodiment and includes receiving a first message indicative of whether a first cell is non-interfering to at least one neighboring cell, determining whether the first cell is non-interfering to the at least one neighboring cell based upon the first message, and responsive to a determination that the first cell is not non-interfering to the at least one neighboring cells, reducing a power level of one or more downlink resources of a fractional frequency reuse portion of a frequency spectrum associated with the first cell.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus and a system for selecting a downlink primary carrier for transmitting data are disclosed. The method includes the following steps: A terminal obtains primary carrier selection information configured by a network; and the terminal determines a downlink carrier corresponding to an uplink carrier of the terminal as a downlink primary carrier for transmitting data according to the primary carrier selection information. In the embodiments of the present invention, the network selects a downlink carrier corresponding to an uplink carrier of the terminal as a downlink primary carrier for transmitting data. The terminal needs to detect only the downlink primary carrier, and the downlink carrier needs to be switched or detected only if the primary carrier receives a signaling message for detecting or receiving other carriers, so it is not necessary to switch or detect the downlink carrier frequently, which reduces battery consumption of the terminal.

Abstract: Technology for performing small data transmissions at a user equipment (UE) is disclosed. An apparatus of the UE can receive, from an eNodeB, a small data transmission indicator that instructs the UE to establish a fast radio resource control (RRC) connection with the eNodeB. The apparatus of the UE can initiate a random access channel (RACH) procedure in order to establish the fast RRC connection with the eNodeB. The fast RRC connection may not include the establishment of bearers between the UE and the eNodeB. The apparatus of the UE can perform a small data transmission with the eNodeB using the fast RRC connection between the UE and the eNodeB.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for providing services for a mobile device with access to a cellular system are disclosed. In accordance with a method a mobile device sends to a cellular system a request for a service by a machine type device. The request includes information identifying the machine type device for use by the cellular system that is then used in exchange of information in relation to at least one of authentication, authorization and configuration. Information associated with configuration of a device-to-machine connection to the machine type device is then sent to the mobile device. The device-to-machine connection for use of the service is then established between the machine type device and the mobile device based on the received information. In another embodiment the mobile device contact the machine type device first and provides the machine type device with information assigned by the cellular system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for scanning for an access point. An active scan method comprises the steps of: generating a probe request frame including information on the signal strength of a terminal; and transmitting the probe request frame to an access point. Thus, a waste of time and radio resources can be prevented.

Abstract: From a plurality of messages provided by at least a first license-exempt access node which give usage information for the at least one channel in license-exempt radio spectrum, there is derived channel-specific statistical traffic information. This information for the channel is then provided to a second access node that controls licensed radio spectrum. Or in another embodiment the second access node can get this information by sensing and measuring the channel itself. The second access node retrieves this information from its local memory and sends on the licensed radio spectrum a downlink message having contents, determined from the channel-specific statistical traffic information, for aiding a user equipment UE to access the channel with a probability defined by the contents. The UE receives this message, extracts the contents, and attempts to access that channel in the license-exempt radio spectrum utilizing the defined probability.

Abstract: This invention extends routing mechanisms that use link metrics for route selection so that: A link metric cross correlation vector is determined for all links, where each element in the vector corresponds to some other link, and reflects the change in the link metric value if a data flow would already use this other link. The invention further describes a specific embodiment where all cross-correlating links are adjacent to each other, i.e., they terminate or originate in a common node. A mechanism is described to create an extended routing graph. This extended graph permits the use of standard polynomial time algorithms that simultaneously construct the optimal route and find the optimal route metric (such as shortest-path algorithms) also for the adjacent link cross-correlating case.

Abstract: The concepts relate to radio white space utilization. One example can measure a potential radio white space frequency. The example can also communicate results of the measuring for other devices and receive other results from the other devices relating to the potential radio white space frequency. The method can further determine whether the potential radio white space frequency is actually an available radio white space frequency based upon the results and the other results.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to techniques for supporting television white space (TVWS) communication. In an aspect of the present disclosure, a low-rate TVWS enabler (Mode II wireless communication device) may provide initial enablement for all Mode I devices (e.g., access points and user terminals), as well as it may transmit a contact verification signal (CVS) on a regular basis to keep the Mode I devices enabled for the TVWS communication.

Abstract: Dynamic connection management of a network connection at an electronic communications device is disclosed. In an example, one or more connection criteria associated with connection establishment at the electronic communications device is determined at the electronic communications device. The electronic communications device determines a connection acquisition priority list based on current values of the one or more connection criteria, the connection acquisition priority list being a prioritized order of connection types. The electronic communications device attempts to establish a network connection based on the connection acquisition priority list.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus is provided for conducting wireless data communications using whitespace and non-whitespace channels. A short-range base station with an interface for whitespace channels and another interface for non-whitespace channels communicates with user equipment outfitted with equivalent interfaces. The short-range base station has a preference for using the interface for the whitespace channels, where the whitespace channels are whitespace spectrum bands that are available during periods when a primary user is not actively utilizing the whitespace. A spectrum server analyzes spectrum occupancy database information and whitespace spectrum sensing measurements to determine lists of available whitespace spectrum bands for use by the short-range base station.

Abstract: An apparatus defines a set of resources out of a first number of orthogonal radio resources and controls a transmitting means to simultaneously transmit a respective first radio signal for each resource on all resources of the set. A respective estimated interference is estimated on each of the resources of the set when the respective first radio signals are transmitted simultaneously. A first resource of the set is selected if the estimated interference on the first resource exceeds a first predefined level and, in the set, the first resource is replaced by a second resource of the first number of resources not having been part of the set. Each of the controlling and the estimating, the selecting, and the replacing is performed in order, respectively, for a predefined time.

Abstract: In wireless communication, a camera on a mobile communication device may be activated to take photographs of the surroundings. The photographs may be further converted into infrared photographs. People near the mobile communication device may be identified on the infrared photographs. The EM radiation of the mobile communication device may then be adjusted to avoid the regions in which people are identified.

Abstract: Various embodiments enable recovering from an out-of-service state in a wireless device. A processor may perform scans of a first acquisition database to acquire a first renewed service connection for a first subscriber identification module (SIM). The scans include first and second searches for first and second channels identified in first and second technology lists, respectively, from the first acquisition database, respectively, until either a renewed service connection is acquired or each of the first and second technology lists are exhausted. The first and second technology lists identify channels from first and second radio access technologies. A currently used channel of a second SIM acquired service is first on the first technology list. The processor may perform a full frequency scan to acquire a first renewed service connection for the first SIM in response to determining that each of the first and second technology lists were exhausted.

Abstract: Systems and methods for screening, where a subject walks through or in front of a passive detector (or scanning unit) to be screened for possession of unauthorized electronics devices, provide for detecting and monitoring electronics systems not authorized to be used in secure areas. By focusing a very narrow beam width antenna array, individuals can be screened who may have concealed electronics devices that can pose danger to the surroundings. There is no need for removing clothing or accessories such as a jacket or backpack, for example. The detection system may include a frequency scanned passive receiver that captures a signal from a detected electronics device, measures its strength, and identifies the device or classifies it according to a pre-determined set of categories (e.g., cellular phone, camera, or global positioning system (GPS)).

Abstract: This disclosure proposes a method to achieve D2D (device to device) communication in LTE system. Traditional communication in LTE systems is based on eNB. UEs (User Equipment) need to connect to eNB to send uplink and downlink transmission. Device to device communication is different from the traditional LTE scheme. UEs may directly connect to other UEs, sending data to each other. The disclosure provides the signaling process, based on LTE network entry procedure, to establish D2D communication in LTE system. D2D UEs send Msg1 to another D2D UE, and the recipient respond with Msg2. After the negotiation between D2D UEs, Msg3 and Msg4 are exchanged between UEs and eNB. Several embodiments are provided for the signaling of Msg3 and Msg4. The D2D data transmission may be enabled after the Msg4 or explicit data session initialization.

Abstract: One embodiment identifies all one-hop neighbor nodes and two-hop neighbor nodes of a node; determines an active set of one-hop neighbor nodes for the node, comprising: includes in the active set each one-hop neighbor node that is either an edge node or connected with at least one two-hop neighbor node with which no other one-hop neighbor nodes are connected; and if the active set is not yet complete, then: determine all combinations of one-hop neighbor nodes that are not already in the active set; and tests each combination in order of each combination's total-energy value to determine whether a specific combination is able to complete the active set; if no combination is able to complete the active set, then including all one-hop neighbor nodes in the active set; and communicates a message to each one-hop neighbor node in the active set indicating that it is in the active set.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a dynamic spectrum allocation method and device based on channel management. The method comprises the following steps: a network node generates a channel set according to an available channel list and channel classification information, and maintains and updates the channel set; and the network node selects a spectrum from the channel set and allocates the spectrum. The device comprises: a channel set generation module configured to generate a channel set according to an available channel list and channel classification information and maintain and update the channel set; and a spectrum allocation module configured to select a spectrum from the channel set and allocate the spectrum. The present disclosure can reduce the delay in the spectrum resource reconfiguration of a CR system, improves the overall performance of spectrum resource reconfiguration and increases the utilization efficiency of a spectrum.

Abstract: That a trigger for creating a temporary collaborative ad-hoc network of hardware nodes has occurred is detected. In response, the temporary collaborative ad-hoc network is created via intercommunication among the hardware nodes. After the temporary collaborative ad-hoc network has been created, the temporary collaborative ad-hoc network performs a given function. A particular hardware node within the temporary collaborative ad-hoc network can perform a roll call request so that it ascertains a list of the hardware nodes within the temporary collaborative ad-hoc network. Performing the roll call request can include ascertaining that a correctness of the list of the hardware nodes satisfies a threshold, such that the correctness of the list of the hardware nodes is not necessarily completely correct.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer readable instructions, when executed by a processor of a communication terminal, perform processes including a first obtaining operation, a second obtaining operation, a first storing operation, a third obtaining operation, a second storing operation, and a communicating operation. The first obtaining operation obtains identification information of wireless modules provided in the communication terminal. The second obtaining operation obtains a transmission channel capacity and/or a delay time for the wireless modules. The first storing operation stores the transmission channel capacities and/or the delay time in association with the identification information of the wireless modules. The third obtaining operation obtains data type information corresponding to plural types of communication data in a remote conference. The second storing operation stores the data type information in association with the identification information.

Abstract: A system and method for converting a non-cognitive radio into a cognitive radio is presented. A cognitive radio system includes, a non-cognitive radio; an electronic device, a spectrum sensing logic and configuration and management logic. The electronic device is connected to the non-cognitive radio so that it receives and/or transmits messages to/from a wireless network. The configuration and management logic is connected between the non-cognitive radio and the spectrum sensing logic. The spectrum sensing logic and the configuration and management logic are removable from the non-cognitive radio allowing the cognitive radio to operate in a non-cognitive mode. The spectrum sensing logic senses a wireless environment to determine available frequencies and available channels. The configuration and management logic transmits available frequencies, available channels or other spectrum data to a remote spectrum manager that is managing access to the wireless network.

Abstract: A network device may make a determination that a first backhaul connection, which serves a first base station, is congested and that a second backhaul connection, which serves a second base station, is not congested. This determination may be made based on a first periodic data cap imposed on the first backhaul connection, a traffic load on the first backhaul connection, a second periodic data cap imposed on the second backhaul connection, and a traffic load on the second backhaul connection. In response to the determination, the network device may configure a value of a cellular communication parameter utilized by one or both of the base stations. The configuration may comprise periodic adjustments of the value of the cellular communication parameter. The periodic adjustments may cause one or more mobile devices to be cyclically handed-over between the first base station and the second base station.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a spectral scanning controller configured to interrupt service at a wireless access point (WAP) such that the WAP performs spectral scanning during service interruption. The spectral scanning controller is configured to interrupt service at the WAP at a first scanning frequency when the spectral scanning controller is in a first configuration. The spectral scanning controller is configured to interrupt service at the WAP at a second scanning frequency different from the first scanning frequency when the spectral scanning controller is in a second configuration. The spectral scanning controller is configured to move from the first configuration to the second configuration in response to a change in at least one of a service demand, a service quality, a spectral scanning demand or a spectral scanning quality.

Abstract: A mobile device receives a signal comprising a PSS and a SSS. The mobile device performs iterative MFHT utilizing a reduced number of MFH branches. At each iteration, frequency offset estimation and Cell-ID detection are concurrently performed. An iteration starts with selecting initial frequency offsets spanning a frequency offset estimation range. The selected initial frequency offsets are placed in the MFH branches. A particular MFH branch with a maximum PSS correlation peak magnitude is selected at the iteration. A frequency offset estimate in the selected MFH branch is utilized for frequency control. The frequency offset estimation range utilized for the current iteration is reduced for the next iteration. A Cell-ID is declared if the Cell-ID is consistently detected not only within a particular iteration on the basis of having detected consistent cell ID information for the first and second halves of a radio frame, but also from iteration to iteration.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for efficient reassignment of a secondary communication channel (having a first priority) within a white space, upon arrival of a conflicting primary user signal (having a second priority higher than the first priority). In particular, the method comprises reassigning a secondary communication channel to unused portions of one or more white spaces remaining after the arrival of one or more primary users. For example, in one embodiment wherein one or more secondary communication channels are operated at contiguous secondary frequency ranges within a white space, a primary/incumbent user may arrive at a frequency range that conflicts with the secondary frequency range and that generates unused frequency portions of the white space(s). The secondary communication channel may be reassigned to the unused frequency portions of the white space (e.g.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for using 802.11 Wireless LANs in TV white space are provided that additionally allows coexistence with non-802.11 devices in the same spectrum space. The method and apparatus extend concepts used in traditional 802.11 applications in the MAC and PHY layers so that WLANs can function over TV white space channels. The method and apparatus also facilitates coexistence of non 802.11 devices and existence with other 802.11 applications by extending the Enhanced Distributed Channel Access mechanism used to provide quality of service. An OFDM system with fixed subcarrier spacing is suggested to accommodate spectrum characteristics (variable center frequency and channel bandwidth) of the TVWS.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method, in which a terminal transmits channel state information in a multi-node system, which includes the steps of: receiving information about cooperative transmission candidate nodes from a network; calculating first channel state information about the cooperative transmission candidate nodes; calculating second channel state information by assuming that the nodes included in the interference candidate modes are interference nodes among the cooperative transmission candidate nodes; and transmitting the calculated first and second channel state information to the network.

Abstract: Methods and corresponding systems for spectrum management featuring advanced frequency-allocation planning and advanced interference avoidance. The invention discloses access points that transmit directionally and assigning a predefined channel in a predefined direction, in order to reduce interference between closely located access-points.

Abstract: A method comprises off-loading data traffic from user equipment in a coverage area of a cell from a first band to second band. The off-loading comprises building a probability distribution function of a transmit configuration for power levels of sub-bands for first bands and second bands in the cell and updating the probability distribution function being configured at an end of a selected time interval.

Abstract: There are provided measures for spectrum sharing for cellular-controlled offloading using an unlicensed band. Such measures exemplarily comprise initiating an offloading of traffic from a cellular link on a cellular band to an unlicensed link on an unlicensed band, wherein the unlicensed link is synchronized with the cellular link, and sensing a channel on the unlicensed band in a symbol-synchronized sensing duration of at least one symbol length at the beginning of a predetermined subframe of the unlicensed band.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and corresponding apparatus for management of access probe transmission from a wireless communication device (WCD) to a radio access network (RAN). The WCD determines that a particular coverage area is not the strongest coverage area detected by the WCD, and the WCD responsively transmits an access probe to the RAN in that particular coverage area. For instance, the WCD may define a sequence of access probe transmissions including at least one transmission to just a coverage area that the WCD deems to not be the strongest and further including at least one transmission to just a coverage area that the WCD deems to be the strongest.

Abstract: A controller receives first or second equipment identifier from a first wireless communication apparatus, by using one wireless communication circuit of the third and fourth wireless communication circuit. When the one wireless communication circuit is the fourth wireless communication circuit, the controller sets an encryption key information for wireless communications with the first wireless communication apparatus, to encryption key information including an equipment identifier that does not coincide with a received equipment identifier among the received plurality of encryption key information, and controls the third wireless communication circuit to transmit and receive encrypted transmission data to and from the first wireless communication apparatus by using key data included in set encryption key information.

Abstract: A method for traffic control in a cellular telephony system (100), each cell comprising at least one node, an RBS (130), for the control of traffic to and from users (150) in the cell. The traffic to each UE (150) can comprise at least one flow, and the method is intended for control of the flows in the traffic to UEs (150) in the system (100), and comprises one control function for each controlled flow to each of said UEs (150). Said control function comprises a congestion avoidance function (240, 440) which detects the presence or absence of congestion in a flow to an UE (150), and which, upon congestion or low utilization of the network reduces the bit rate to the UE (150) in a non-linear fashion, and which, in the absence of congestion, linearly increases the bit rate of the traffic to the UE (150).

Abstract: A communication method in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system is provided. The communication method includes: communicating, by a first station, with a second station, via an operating channel of the new BSS, a width of the operating channel being equal to one among 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 80+80 MHz and 160 MHz. The operating channel includes a primary channel selected among a set of channels by the second station, the selected primary channel is not identical to a secondary 20 MHz channel of one or more existing BSSs scanned by the second station, and the secondary 20 MHz of the one or more existing BSSs is contiguous with a primary 20 MHz channel of the one or more existing BSSs.

Abstract: A method of wireless transmission applicable to transmission between a first communication terminal and a second transmission terminal is provided. The first communication terminal transmits data via a first channel selected as a primary transmission channel. The transmission quality of the primary transmission channel is detected. When it is determined that the quality of the primary transmission channel degrades, a third channel replaces the first channel as the primary transmission channel, and a replacement request is sent from the first communication terminal via a second channel. The first communication channel then transmits data via the third channel as the primary transmission channel.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media, for facilitating selection of networks are provided. In some embodiments, the method includes receiving at a user device a first signal via a first channel of a MIMO-enabled network and a second signal via a second channel of the MIMO-enabled network. A first power associated with the first signal and a second power associated with the second signal are identified. The first power associated with the first channel and the second power associated with the second channel are used to determine an undesired connection of the user device with the MIMO-enabled network.

Abstract: A carrier frequency offset calibration method and a carrier frequency offset calibration system are provided. The carrier frequency offset calibration method is adapted to calibrate the carrier frequency offsets of a transmission signal which includes a primary carrier and a secondary carrier. In the carrier frequency offset calibration method, the transmission signal is analyzed according to known carrier frequencies, a primary feedback value and a secondary feedback value, so as to obtain a primary carrier offset value and a secondary carrier offset value. The relationship between the primary carrier offset value and the secondary offset value is considered to determine whether to adjust the primary feedback signal and the secondary feedback signal.

Abstract: A method for detecting a radio signal in a wireless communication system is provided. According to the method, a wireless device measures an input signal received by a RF unit of. The wireless device eliminates a duplicated part between the input signal and a complex conjugate signal of the input signal to generate a filtered signal. The wireless device determines whether a target signal exists in the input signal based on the filtered signal.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method, an apparatus, and a terminal for determining a transmission mode, which relate to the field of communications technologies and are invented to enable a selection of a transmission mode with lower power consumption for a terminal to reduce the power consumption of the terminal. The method includes: selecting a transmission mode for a terminal according to a network resource condition; judging whether the selected transmission mode matches according to capability information reported by the terminal and if the selected transmission mode matches, setting the transmission mode as a current transmission mode of the terminal. The embodiments of the present invention are mainly applicable to a Long Term Evolution Advance (LTE-A) system.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method for tuning the resonant frequency of an antenna in a wireless communication device are disclosed, along with embodiments of a wireless communication device using such a method. Embodiments sense the out-of-band impedance of the antenna, which comprises an antenna element and selectively adjustable impedance disposed between the antenna element and a ground plane of the wireless device, and adjust the selectively adjustable impedance to achieve a desired resonant frequency of the antenna. Embodiments separate an antenna signal into an in-band signal and out-of-band impedance, generate an error signal related to the out-of-band impedance, apply the error signal to a controller circuit configurable to generate an impedance error signal representing the change in antenna impedance, and apply the impedance error signal to the selectively adjustable impedance. Embodiments of a method and electronic circuit for determining the change in impedance of an antenna are also disclosed.

Abstract: Wireless networking devices scan for available channels and gather data about the channels and the RF environment. Using this information, each wireless networking device determines a cost value for each available channel and a quality value for its overall RF neighborhood. Each wireless networking device select the channel with the best cost value as a candidate channel for use. The wireless networking devices may submit channel requests to the arbiter for approval. If two or more wireless networking devices are requesting the same channel, the arbiter assigns the channel to the wireless networking device with the worst RF neighborhood quality. The arbiter informs the wireless networking devices if their channel requests are approved. If a wireless networking device's channel request is not approved, the wireless networking device will rescan the remaining available channels to select a different candidate channel to be approved.

Abstract: A method is provided comprising: determining one or more initial distribution estimators of a true probability distribution; determining for each series of estimators of a nuisance parameter; generating candidate targeted estimators of the probability distribution for a targeted feature using an iterative modification of the initial distribution estimator(s) designed to reduce bias in the estimate of the target feature with respect to the initial distribution estimator, based on the series of estimators and the targeted feature; selecting one of the candidate estimators as an estimator for the true probability distribution for the targeted feature; and applying a mapping to the estimator for the true probability distribution or relevant portion thereof to obtain an estimated value for the targeted feature.

Abstract: Embodiments include processes, systems, and devices for reshaping virtual baseband signals for transmission on non-contiguous and variable portions of a physical baseband, such as a white space frequency band. In the transmission path, a spectrum virtualization layer maps a plurality of transmission components associated with a transmission symbol produced by a physical layer protocol to sub-carriers of the allocated physical frequency band. The spectrum virtualization layer then outputs a physical transmission symbol composed of time-domain samples derived from the mapped frequency components and a cyclic prefix. In the receive path, a time-domain symbol received on the physical baseband is reshaped and equalized by the virtual spectrum layer in order to recompose a time-domain samples of a transmission stream in the virtual baseband.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for reducing delay during beam alignment in a beamformed wireless communication system are provided. A method for selecting a beam pattern in a Base Station (BS) includes determining whether a direction finding signal is received through each time interval of a direction finding channel, transmitting information of whether the direction finding signal is received with respect to each time interval of the direction finding channel, changing a receive beam pattern and receiving a random access signal from a Mobile Station (MS) with at least one transmit beam pattern over a random access channel, and selecting one of transmit beam patterns of the MS and one of receive beam patterns of the BS according to the random access signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for augmenting associations between places and fingerprints may include a processor and memory storing executable computer code causing the apparatus to at least perform operations including detecting items of fingerprint data from one or more beacon devices, as the apparatus traverses one or more physical places. The fingerprint data may correspond to generated summaries of radio information corresponding to the physical places. The computer program code may further cause the apparatus to detect that the apparatus is stationary in at least one of the physical places for a predetermined time period and determine a location of the apparatus in the physical place based in part on determining fingerprint data, detected from a subset of the beacon devices which are in the physical place, that most accurately resembles canonical fingerprint data corresponding to one of a plurality of physical places. Corresponding methods and computer program products are also provided.