Abstract: A speakerphone arbitration method is used to eliminate the effects of echo in imperfect telephone circuits. The method assumes that speech energy received at the speaker phone is an echo, unless the speech energy has characteristics that indicate it is not echo, such as the duration of the speech energy, and the time at which the speech energy is received relative to the time when the user of the speakerphone finishes speaking, or pauses while speaking. The method also may allow arbitration if the speech energy is more energetic than a typical echo, regardless of the duration or time when it is received.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus (100) and communication method provides an audio-based call connection operation. For example, one method includes receiving an incoming call message (108) and receiving an input audio answer signal (120), such as a user's voice, in response to the incoming call message (108). This method includes detecting an amplitude or characteristic of the input audio answer signal (120) and sending an answer call message (126) based on the detected amplitude level of the input audio answer signal (120). In another embodiment, the process includes storing the input audio answer signal (120) as preconnection audio information (304b) and subsequently sending the preconnection audio information (304b) as a post connection greeting. For example, a user saying the word “hello,” completes the call without any additional greeting required.

Abstract: A diplexer capable of passing signals of a high frequency band without being attenuated over a wide frequency band, and a high-frequency switch using the diplexer are provided. The diplexer includes a low-pass filter 82 having a parallel resonant circuit formed by a first capacitor C1 and a first inductor L1 and a serial resonant circuit formed by a second capacitor C2 and a second inductor L2. With this structure, two attenuation poles are provided in the low-pass filter 82. Thus, a passband of a high-pass filter 83 can be widened.

Abstract: A wireless communication system has a central computer, one or more wireless access points and one or more personal badges that communicate wirelessly with the one or more wireless access points. The badges provide the user with a communications device that permits the user to initiate telephone calls and conferences, receive telephone calls, receive pages and be located within a particular environment.

Abstract: A telecommunications apparatus for use with a plug having at least first, second and third pins. The telecommunications apparatus includes a plug connector for receiving the plug. The plug connector includes at least first, second and third electrical contacts for electrically contacting the first, second and third pins, respectively, when the plug is inserted in the plug connector.

Abstract: Microelectronic devices, methods of operating microelectronic devices, and methods of providing microelectronic devices are described. In one embodiment, a microelectronic device includes a microelectronic package which provides a housing within which integrated circuitry is received. An integrated circuit die is received within the microelectronic package and includes integrated circuitry formed thereon. The integrated circuitry comprises first transmit/receive circuitry configured to transmit and receive radio frequency signals.

Abstract: A method for multiple stage dialing using voice recognition (VR) includes the steps of receiving a first voice command that designates an entry in an address book; dialing a first portion of a dialing stream until a pause code is detected; receiving a second voice command; and dialing a second portion of the dialing stream in response to the second voice command. The first and second portions of the dialing stream may include a long distance carrier address and an access code, respectively. The third voice command may correspond to an entry name field of the further address book entry.

Abstract: A communication device is provided having a speech encoder and a speech decoder and being able to retrieve and store voice messages in a memory. The messages are stored in the memory according to a message format. This format is more compressed than the speech encoding format which is provided by the speech encoder. The device includes a frame interpolation block for decompressing a stored message and thereby creating a signal according to the speech encoding format. A frame decimation block is also provided for compressing a speech encoded signal thereby allowing a corresponding voice message to be stored in the memory according to the message format.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an infrared controlled hand-free operator for cellular phones housed in a vehicle. More particularly, it is concerned with a hand-free operator which can automatically transmit an infrared signal similar to a control signal of a vehicle's audio stereo system to turn the stereo system off or mute when income signals are received by a cellular phone mounted to a vehicle. The hand-free operator thus can automatically cut off the noise sound of an audio stereo system in operation so as to make the operation of a cellular phone free of interference in a vehicle on the move.

Abstract: A method for transmitting an alarm over a cordless broadcast system having a base station in communication with a mobile unit and a computer. The computer includes a speech recognition system. The method includes requesting an alarm setting for a specified time with a voice command at the mobile unit and storing the requested alarm setting in the computer. The alarm is broadcast at the specified time to the mobile unit.

Abstract: Transmission and reception device for a mobile radio base station comprising a plurality of transmission and reception units and hence a plurality of carriers, the transmission and reception units being accommodated in push-in modules and each having a modulator (10), a channel frequency device (19) and an output stage (20). At least some of the push-in modules comprise two full transmission and reception units having a first and a second transmission branch (1, 2). The two transmission branches (1, 2) are connected to a transmission connection (4) via an incorporated hybrid combiner (3) in order to provide two mutually combined carriers in a first mode of operation for relatively high capacity. In a second mode of operation for high output power, the two transmission branches (1, 2) are additionally connected to one another by means of an internal changeover device (25, 26, 27) such that the same transmitted signal is routed at least via the output stages (20) of both transmission branches (1, 2).

Abstract: Voice dialing is performed through an ear-microphone in a mobile terminal with an ear-microphone, having a voice dialing function. The mobile terminal enters a voice dial mode, upon receipt of key data generated by user's pressing a specific key positioned on the ear-microphone, and outputs an outgoing message for performing voice dialing. After outputting the outgoing message, the mobile terminal sequentially demodulates voice data for voice dial phone numbers and outputs the demodulated voice data. The mobile terminal dials a voice dial phone number selected by the user during the output of the voice data.

Abstract: A full-duplex radio transceiver, in which cancellation of transmission signals in the receive path is achieved by sampling the transmission signals, and controllably adjusting the gain and phase of the sampled signal, before subtracting the adjusted signal from the received signals in order to minimise the component of the transmission signals appearing in the received signals. Processing is done in a DSP at or near baseband.

Abstract: A radio frequency combining system is disclosed that uses commercially available quadrature hybrid couplers configured in a unique manner to combine any radio frequency sources such as transmitters into a single load such as an antenna. The radio frequency combining system is bidirectional and can be used in the receive mode to combine the output of a receive antenna with outputs from an interference canceller to then supply received signals to a multiple receiver system.

Abstract: A system for automatically tuning the radio equipment of an aircraft in response to a verbal communication to the system.

Abstract: An arrangement for providing voice dialing service to wireless subscribers when they are not being served by their home mobile switch, and service node. When a voice dialing request from a roamer is detected, the voice dialing data file of the roamer is requested by a broadcast message from the home service node of the roamer. The home service node responds to the broadcast request by transmitting the voice dialing data file to the requesting service node. The requesting service node retains the voice dialing data file as long as there are sufficiently frequent requests (e.g., once per day), for voice dialing service from the roamer. Advantageously, this arrangement allows voice dialing service to be provided to roamers as well as to mobile stations in their home area.

Abstract: A method for increasing the voice recognition rate in a voice recognition calling device wherein the frequencies of a ring sound are separated from those of a voice bandwidth to enable the application of input voice from a combined voice and ring input to a voice recognition processor. In an alternative embodiment, the duration of the ring sound is shortened to increase the voice recognition rate of a voice recognition calling device.

Abstract: In a portable communication device (104) that is able to operate in a speakerphone mode, a user interface such as a keypad (120) and display (122) are provided to allow the user to select (1104) an enhanced mode so that leading fricatives of speech are more likely to be detected as speech, and played over a speaker (214). Upon selecting the enhanced mode of operation, the voicing value of each frame of vocoded speech received is increased, thus making it more likely for energetic fricative frames to be detected as speech.

Abstract: Eyeglasses including a radio receiver, a radio transmitter, power supply, antenna and earphones. Said receiver, transmitter, power supply, and antenna are within the bow pieces. The antenna is a wire within the framework and extends from the rear end of one bow piece, passing through the front framework, to the rear end of the other bow piece, and is electrically connected to said transmitter and receiver circuitry. The invention, however, is not intended to be restricted to any particular construction, therefore in some but not all applications, another means to emit, or radiate, the radio waves may be used instead of the "wire" antenna. The earphones are external, and are electrically connected to said circuitry by wires entering into the bow pieces through a hole in each portion of said bow pieces.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a single pole double throw switch including a transmitting and receiving port, a transmitting port, and a receiving port. A transmission switch is coupled between the transmitting port and the transmitting and receiving port. A reception switch is coupled between the receiving port and the transmitting and receiving port. The reception switch includes a field effect transistor having a gate, a drain and a source. A voltage generating circuit receives first and second power supply voltages. The first power supply voltage is greater than the second power supply voltage. The voltage generating circuit generates a third voltage lower than the second power supply voltage and applies the third voltage to the gate of the field effect transistor of the reception switch during transmission.

Abstract: An improved voice activity detection system and method is provided for use in speakerphones and other voice activated systems. To facilitate switching between various operating modes, the voice activity detection scheme utilizes a new voice energy term which is based on an integral of the absolute value of a derivative of a speech signal. Voice activity is detected during a silence mode by comparing a first ratio of a current voice energy value to a background noise value with a voice activity threshold value. Voice activity is detected when the first ratio is greater than the voice activity threshold value. Another step involves identifying a direction of the voice activity during a transmit and receive mode by comparing a second ratio of a transmit path voice energy value to a receive path voice energy value with a transmit threshold value and a receive threshold value. When the second ratio is greater than the transmit threshold value, voice activity is present in the transmit path.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the echo in a hands-free digital cellular communications system is presented. Acting upon speech signals being present in the downlink, uplink speech frames generated by the hands-free communication device are attenuated to prevent the downlink speech signals from being transmitted at full volume back on the uplink as an echo. Added to the attenutated uplink speech frame is a noise frame generated by the hands-free communication device, which provides a consistent level of background noise to the person at the other end of the call. The noise codeword is further randomly ordered to prevent any modulative effects from the process.

Abstract: A temperature compensation circuit (10) for a crystal oscillator module (12) used in a communication device (200). An existing microcontroller (210) of the communication device (200) is used to provide temperature compensating digital data (30) for a crystal oscillator (18). The temperature compensating digital data (30) is converted to a temperature compensation signal (22) in a digital-to-analog converter (32) which controls the crystal oscillator frequency. The crystal oscillator module (12) includes an onboard voltage regulator (34) which supplies a characterized regulated voltage (36) to the digital-to-analog converter (32) such that the temperature compensation signal (22) from the digital-to-analog converter (32) is inherently corrected for voltage variations in the voltage regulator (34). Changes in the temperature compensation of the crystal oscillator (18) are allowed only when the communication device (200) is not transmitting or receiving.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the use of discontinuous transmission in a cellular telephone. The preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a voice activity detector for detecting the presence or absence of speech and an energy detector for measuring the energy level of sound input to a microphone of a cellular telephone during the absence of speech. The present invention also includes a comparator for comparing the measured noise energy level against a threshold value. The determination as to the presence or absence of speech and the output of the comparator are provided to a controller. The controller enables discontinuous transmission when the energy level detected during the absence of speech is less than or equal to the threshold value and disables discontinuous transmission when the measured energy level exceeds the threshold value.

Abstract: In a wireless sound monitoring system, ambient sounds are monitored by a microphone and transmitted over a phase or frequency modulated transmitter to a receiver. A sound actuated switch responsive to ambient sounds louder than a predetermined level turns the transmitter on and causes a hidden tone to be generated. A delay circuit caused the hidden tone to be terminated before the transmitter is turned off when the sound level decreases. In the receiver, a mute circuit responds to the hidden tone to control the output of a loudspeaker, and thus, the hidden tone prevents a squelch tail from being heard. The monitoring unit also includes a pulse generator to cause the hidden tones to be generated at regular intervals, but with short pulse widths.

Abstract: Improved RF switching techniques operate in conjunction with an existing cellular telephone having an RF amplifier, an antenna, receiver circuitry, a duplexer, and a battery. The duplexer has a first port adapted for connection to the receiver circuitry, a second port adapted for connection to the RF amplifier, and a third port adapted for connection to the antenna. The improved RF switching techniques are characterized by a first switch, a second switch, and a battery of less than 6.0 volts. The first switch, coupled to the RF amplifier, connects the RF amplifier to any one of the antenna and the second port of the duplexer. A second switch, coupled to the antenna, connects the antenna to any one of the RF amplifier and the third port of the duplexer. During transmit-only operation, the first switch connects the RF amplifier to the antenna.

Abstract: A voice controlled vehicle accessory system is responsive to voice commands and/or manual commands wherein the manual commands are entered via a single pushbutton 16 having multiple functions depending upon the instantaneous state of a system controller 10. A single housing houses the microphone for the voice recognition unit and the single pushbutton adjacent to each other in a common location in the vehicle, thereby reducing manufacturing costs and increasing user convenience since the two separate input functions are intuitively placed in a common location.

Abstract: A hands-free circuitry in which, in order to prevent howling caused by acoustic coupling between a speaker and a microphone, a loss is inserted in a transmit audio path in a receive mode while a loss is inserted in a receive voice path in a transmit mode and values of the losses are controlled according to the volume set value of the speaker. Since the quantities of the losses are minimized when a howling margin is sufficient, simplex communication can be prevented that a user cannot listen to party's receive voice signal due to excessive attenuation.

Abstract: A digital portable telephone apparatus with a holding function normally has a VOX function and previously notifies, when absence of sound is detected in a sound presence condition, transmission power off of the talking channel by way of a postamble signal. The postamble signal is sent out periodically during a sound absence period and includes mobile station background noise generation information. Holding tone data which are the same data in successive sound sampling times are incorporated into the background noise generation information, and a resulted signal is transmitted. Accordingly, the transmission time of holding tone may be intermittent, and the transmission power can be saved.

Abstract: A radio telephone for a vehicle is provided having means (3) for switching between a handset mode and a hands-free mode, and control means (4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) responsive to said means for switching, said control means controlling the telephone such that in hands-free mode the party speaking at a given time has priority in the conversation while in handset mode the party holding the handset has priority at a given time.

Abstract: A radio relay system including a water-proof conductor housing on which is located a pair of antennas, one antenna being used for transmitting and receiving radio carrier wave signals of a first and a second frequency, respectively, while the other antenna is used for transmitting and receiving radio carrier wave signals of a third and a fourth frequency, respectively. A skirt for each of the antennas is located adjacent the antennas on the housing, one skirt has a length equal to a quarter of the wavelength of the first frequency while the other skirt has a length equal to a quarter wavelength of the third frequency.

Abstract: A voice transmission method and apparatus in a duplex radio system are disclosed in which a voice signal to be transmitted in a constant period of time is subjected to 1/N time compression, N being a numeral not smaller than 2.0. The time-compressed voice signal is supplied to a transmitter as a modulating signal and a transmitting operation is performed by the transmitter in synchronism with a period of time when the modulating signal is inputted to the transmitter. A receiving operation of receiving a time-compressed and modulated signal transmitted from the transmitter to demodulate it is performed by a receiver in a period of time other than the period of time when the transmitting operation is performed. A demodulated signal is subjected to N-ple time expansion to obtain a reproduced receive voice signal, and both the transmitting operation and the receiving operation are repeated at the constant period of time.

Abstract: A voice communication apparatus in which voice and voiceless parts are detected from voice signal data which is derived from analog-to-digital converted input voice signal, the voice signal data is temporarily stored in a transmitting buffer in a time series manner so that, when a voice part is detected, transmission of the voice signal data stored in the transmitting buffer is started from a voice start point of the voice part preceding a voice detection point, whereby a head part truncation, which would occur at the time of shifting from the voiceless part to the voice part can be eliminated and thus a high quality of natural speech communication can be realized.

Abstract: A seamless frequency hopping system utilizes a programmable digital signal processor with interface circuitry in conjunction with a frequency hopping radio to incorporate the concepts of audio time compression, hop by hop automatic gain control and time repeating squelch to improve the sound of frequency hopped analog communication. Incoming uncompressed audio is first sliced into time segments that each correspond to one frequency hop. The uncompressed audio is then compressed to a certain percentage of its original length in time. A dead time as well as a pilot signal is added to the front of the audio. The processed audio signal is then sent to the radio where it is modulated and broadcast. A second radio receives the incoming signal and demodulates it to once again become an audio signal.

Abstract: This active antenna is incorporated in the terminal station of a system for data exchange with a central station, by the modulation of a microwave carrier. The terminal station is of the chip card type. The modem of the active antenna is constituted by a transistor, the bias current of which is switched over from a low value at demodulation to a high value at modulation. The switch-over is obtained by a circuit with three resistors (R.sub.d, R.sub.gd, R.sub.g), which themselves have their values switched over by two transistors parallel connected with the resistors, these transistors being controlled by two signals emitted by the control circuit of the terminal station. The active antenna can be applied to long-distance data exchange, for example in the remote management of toll-charge systems, remote cash dispensing, localization of moving bodies etc.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing audio interference produced by a transducer (18) in response to an audio signal has a first input for receiving the audio signal and a second input (22) for receiving sound signals. The audio interference affects a speech recognition system (34). The second input provides a possibly contaminated signal representing the sound signals. The sound signals comprise a desired audio signal, and possibly comprise the audio interference. An interference reduction device (30) is coupled to the first and second inputs, for transforming the possibly contaminated signal into features that are substantially free from the effects of the audio interference.

Abstract: In a voice-controllable transceiver of a wireless intercom, the bias voltage for the condenser microphone is divided during transmission to give a current of 0.6 mA to 1mA. During reception, the driving voltage for the speaker is multiplied and rectified to a current of 1mA to 30mA. Both currents are used to charge a battery, resulting in a voice-controllable circuit having low power consumption circuit. The voice-controllable transceiver therefore does not require an external power source or frequent battery replacement.

Abstract: An automated voice operated transmitter control (VOX) arrangement devoid of any separate manual actuation requirement and adaptable to a dynamic acoustic environment is described. The VOX decides whether it should be operating, automatically selects a threshold condition (70) from a predetermined list according to a average acoustic signal level over a first time period, and provides a VOX PTT signal to activate a radio frequency transmitter (24) when the acoustic signal level, over a second time period that is less than the first time period and exceeds a debounce time (78), exceeds the threshold condition.

Abstract: A device automatically re-keys a transmitter after a transmission ceases, and thereafter transmits a preselected audio signal. The device has a key-open sensor for sensing the end of a transmission and for initiating the audio signal. A keying circuit is controlled by the sensor to re-key the transmitter. An audio sensor senses the presence of the audio signal and controls the keying circuit to un-key the transmitter when the audio signal ceases.

Abstract: A portable transceiver with a transmit/receive switch which includes an audio amplifier, level detector and comparator all direct coupled and included on a single integrated chip. The comparator includes one input that has a slow attack time and a fast decay time for differentiating between slow changing background noise and fast bursts of voice so that the transceiver is voice operated.

Abstract: A voice frequency communication apparatus which is capable of detecting and processing the voice frequency terminal signal and non-voice frequency terminal signal and is also capable of realizing communication with ordinary voice frequency terminal signal and non-voice frequency terminal signal without erroneous changeover of the signal processing path because of always monitoring the sending/receiving data with CPU because of providing the constitution to always monitor the sending/receiving data by providing a central control circuit (CPU) having the constitution to always monitor the digital signal output of the detection circuit having the fuction to convert, when the analog input signal is non-voice frequency terminal signal, such non-voice frequency terminal signal into the digital data signal after detecting such signal and to convert, on the contrary, the digital data signal into the analog non-voice frequency terminal signal and the digital data signal to be input from the digital communication line

Abstract: A toy including headgear mounted thereon a simulated weapon system, a visor, apparatus for indicating on the visor a sighting reference and non-hand actuated apparatus for producing simulated firing on a target. Preferably the headgear and the non-hand actuated apparatus are operative for producing simulated firing on a target which appears on a television screen in an interactive television game.

Abstract: An improved VOX-activated transceiver has a signal generator provided in conjunction with the VOX circuitry to provide audio tones through the earphone of the transceiver to announce the transition to transmit mode, or the transition out of transmit mode, or both. By listening for the tones, the user can be continuously apprised of the status of the transceiver. An open mike condition (continuous transmission due to continuous microphone signal in excess of the VOX threshold) is noted, for example, because the user whose transceiver has the open mike will fail to hear the expected tone at the beginning or ending of the user's spoken words. Loss of battery power is likewise noted because the user will fail to hear the expected tone at the beginning or ending of the user's spoken words.

Abstract: An interference canceller for cancelling an interfering signal generated by n interfering source from a transmission link between an antenna and a receiver. The interference canceller derives a sample of the interfering signal from the interfering source and down converts the sample to an intermediate frequency. A computer controlled delay path and computer controlled amplitude and phase modulator interatively adjusts a cancellation signal that is injected into the transmission link between the antenna and receiver to maximize the amplitude match between the cancellation signal and the interfering signal, and anti-phase the cancellation signal with respect to the interfering signal.

Abstract: A secure voice transmission system is disclosed in which enemy interception problems are overcome by analyzing the speech characteristics of a password from a known operator. Some of the voice characteristics remain in the central computer, while others are stored in the message entry device. If a captured operator is forced to enter the password, the characteristics under such extreme stress will not match those stored within the devices and the capture of the operator will be assumed. Before the start of the mission, the portable device receives a preliminary public key; the first remote message of the mission can thus be sent in the clear, with no chance of the enemy using the information or the device, should the operator be prematurely captured. After the operator has been recognized as being a noncaptive, his device requests permission from the command center to create a crypto keyset; the device keeps the private key and transmits the public key to the command center.

Abstract: A microphone circuit for a mobile telephone is capable of operations in either of two modes, i.e. in a hands-free or a push-to-talk mode. A constant current circuit is coupled in parallel with the microphone to preclude a change in a DC bias voltage responsive to switch operations, especially in a push-to-talk mode. A voltage comparator compares the bias voltage with a reference to detect control signals and selects a preferred mode of operation.

Abstract: A system and technique for enabling voice activation of an audio transmission system includes circuitry for storing and delaying an audio input signal, which may include a voice signal, and computer analysis of the input signal to determine voice input in accordance with predetermined parameters. The computer analysis includes programmed sampling of the input signal in response to a plurality of adjustable criteria to enable the analysis to be tailored for a variety of environments while producing reliable voice activation. Upon detection of a voice signal on the input in response to the computer analysis, the previously-stored audio signal is provided as output to be transmitted by the transmission system. Computer control of the system is also utilized to provide unkeying of the transmission following termination of the voice signal.

Abstract: A modem for transmitting and receiving digital information includes an oscillator, a switch connected to both the oscillator and to a data input for switchably controlling the oscillator to impress data on a transmission channel, and a receiver also connected to the transmission channel for receiving data thereon to demodulate the data and supply it to a processor.

Abstract: An electronic two way signalling apparatus for permitting two or more persons not in line-of-sight with each other to activate transceivers for broadcasting and receiving radio frequency signals alerting those persons of the presence of others within the range of the broadcast signals. The apparatus carried by such persons provides a fixed outgoing radio frequency signal on a random broadcast time of short duration and reception of incoming radio frequency signals at time when a broadcast is silent, and each such apparatus is identical in operation.

Abstract: An interface device for connection between a facsimile reproduction machine and a simplex radio includes a receiving circuit and a transmitting circuit. A switch connects an appropriate one of the circuits to the machine. A control circuit monitors the change in the mode of operation of the machine and operates upon the switch to cause a corresponding change of connection to the machine. The control circuit also operates upon the transceiver to condition it to a transmit mode upon the transmit circuit being selected.