Abstract: A foldable portable radio terminal is disclosed which normally optimizes an antenna characteristic by an antenna matching circuit even if the body length of the foldable portable radio terminal varies. A folded state detection circuit sends a detection signal to a control section depending upon whether or not the foldable portable radio terminal is folded. An antenna matching circuit is determined so that the antenna characteristic of an antenna is optimized when the foldable portable radio terminal is in a folded state. When the foldable portable radio terminal is unfolded, the control section renders a matching characteristic changeover circuit operative to change over the matching characteristic of the antenna matching circuit so that, even when the foldable portable radio terminal is in an unfolded state, the antenna characteristic by the antenna matching circuit may be optimized.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transceiver apparatus that permits miniaturization even when the antenna thereof is an unbalanced circuit and the transmitter circuit section and receiver circuit section thereof are balanced circuits. The transceiver apparatus is constituted comprising: a semiconductor integrated circuit device that mounts on the same semiconductor chip a balanced receiver circuit 41 for receiving a received signal as a differential input and balanced transmitter circuit 52 for outputting a transmitted signal as a differential output, and that has at least two terminals 71,72 connected to connecting nodes that connect the balanced receiver circuit 41 and the balanced transmitter circuit 52; first and second capacitors C2,C3 connected to the terminals 71, 72 respectively; an external inductor L1 connected to the first and second capacitors C2, C3; a band pass filter 2 and an antenna 1 coupled to the first capacitor C2; and a third capacitor C1 connected to the second capacitor C3.

Abstract: For the purpose of making the system more economic, given full compensation of transmitter and receiver signal attenuation in the communication cable, the circuit controlling transmitter enable/disable status, including a controllable power source (control command converter) and a low pass filter separating a receive/transmit UHF signal from a lower frequency up to direct voltage) signal, a number of control commands, is introduced into mobile station, mobile station having autonomous power supply. According to the first variant of the device, the control command, having passed the low pass filter (19), enables the power source (21) control from which power is supplied to the power amplifier (11) whose amplification is selected so as to compensate attenuation of the transmitter signal traveling from mobile station (1) to antenna (16).

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a connection structure for connecting the dielectric strip of an NRD guide with a metal waveguide, in which the conversion loss (connection loss) for high-frequency signals is reduced, and in which the NRD guide as well as the millimeter wave integrated circuit in which the NRD guide is incorporated can be made smaller. A non-radiative dielectric waveguide is made by arranging a dielectric strip for propagating high-frequency signals between parallel planar conductors arranged at a spacing of not more than half the wavelength of a high-frequency signal, a conductive member being arranged at an end face of a terminal end of the dielectric strip. An aperture is formed in at least one of the parallel planar conductors at a location where the electrical field of an LSM mode stationary wave propagating along the dielectric strip becomes largest. An open terminal end of a metal waveguide is connected to this aperture.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for an interconnect system for coupling radio frequency signals from one component to another in a RF system. The interconnect system acts as a coaxial connection. The apparatus comprises an interconnect, a dielectric sleeve, and a conductive elastomeric gasket. The interconnect has a first major surface and second major surface for providing an electrical connection. A through hole is formed in a first component. The dielectric sleeve is placed in the through hole. The interconnect is placed in the dielectric sleeve. The conductive elastomeric gasket is placed in proximity to the through hole contacting the first component and a second component. The RF system is assembled compressing the elastomeric gasket to have intimate contact with the first and second component. The intimate contact electrically connects the first and second component and an electric shield is formed around the interconnect thereby suppressing the reception and transmission of RF signals.

Abstract: A NRD guide includes a pair of parallel plate conductors opposed to each other at a spacing equal to or shorter than half the wavelength of a high-frequency signal to be transmitted and having opposing inner surfaces whose arithmetic average roughness Ra satisfies 0.1 &mgr;m≦Ra≦50 &mgr;m, and a dielectric strip arranged between the pair of parallel plate conductors and held in contact with the respective inner surfaces of the parallel plate conductors. The dielectric strip is strongly secured to the inner surfaces to exhibit an excellent durability. The transmission loss of the high-frequency signal can be effectively suppressed.

Abstract: The Diplexer/Switch invention, in a processor-equipped embodiment to retrofit a standard Inmarsat-B mobile earth station (MES), combines standard MES equipment and functionality with a diplexer/switch assembly containing: two diplexers, an entry switch (701) and an exit switch (702); an embedded processor; a second SCPC modem (707) that has a configurable modulation and error correction capabilities; control signals and paths; and related management and control software and hardware to enable the transmission and reception of standard service types and higher data rate services.

Abstract: In a transmission line assembly, a dielectric plate has a continuous protruding portion on at least one of the surfaces thereof so as to form a convex section, electrodes are formed on both of the surfaces of the dielectric plate including the outer surface of the protruding portion, and a plurality of through holes, each electrically interconnecting the electrodes formed on both of the surfaces of the dielectric plate, is arrayed on each side along the protruding portion. Accordingly, the space surrounded by the electrodes and the arrayed through holes operates as a transmission line in a mode equivalent to TE10 mode.

Abstract: A tuned wave phased array includes a plurality of spaced transmitter elements, a signal generator that produces an activation signal for activating the transmitter elements to transmit a guided wave in an associated medium and a delay circuit for sequentially delaying the activation of at least one of the transmitter elements for creating constructive interference of a selected mode of the wave propagating in the medium, thereby boosting the selected mode of the wave.

Abstract: A satellite broadcast receiving converter has a housing, a waveguide, and a short-circuit wall, which are stamped out of a single metal sheet and are then folded.

Abstract: A digital radio transceiver integrated circuit includes MOS transistors with normal threshold voltages in the digital circuits, and with reduced threshold voltages in at least some of the analog RF components. This allows the transceiver to be reduced in size and weight, without requiring performance to be compromised.

Abstract: The complete outdoor radio unit for LMDS is a light weight, compact transceiver featuring planar circuitry. The transceiver uses cross polarization through an orthomodal transducer and frequency offset between transmit and receive to provide isolation between the transmitter and receiver. The transceiver includes three printed circuit boards directly attached by thermally conductive epoxy to a heat sink which forms part of the antenna dish/transceiver housing for effective heat transfer. Two of the waveguides are used as receiver and transmitter transmission lines into the orthomodal transducer, and two of the waveguides are used as bandpass filters. The transceiver also includes a DC—DC converter in the power supply which is modified to connect the base plate to the heat sink for compactness and improved heat transfer, and a frequency synthesizer with a phase locked loop hardwired to a single reference frequency for compact size.

Abstract: A system and a method for communication via a medium are provided, whereby a mechanical wave representing a communication signal is generated by a mechanical-wave generating module at a signal-transmitting end, and transmitted via a medium (solid, liquid or gas) to a mechanical-wave detecting/receiving module at a signal-receiving end, so as to achieve unidirectional and two-way signal communication. The mechanical wave is detected and received by the mechanical-wave detecting/receiving module where frequency and waveform of the mechanical wave are read out to obtain the communication signal represented by the mechanical wave. Thereby, transmission of communication signals in the form of mechanical waves via the medium can be achieved.

Abstract: A receiver in a radio system, comprising one or more antennas (600A to 600B) for receiving a signal including signal components descriptive of a signal to be detected and an interfering signal. The receiver comprises means for measuring (614A to 614B) the antenna-specific reception power of the received signal and means for weighting (614A to 614B) the signal received in each antenna by a antenna-specific weighting coefficient proportional to the reception power of said signal.

Abstract: A wireless network card includes an adaptable antenna connection structure that includes connections for one or more internal antennas and for one or more Radio Frequency (RF) connectors that may be coupled to one or more external antennas. A Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and electronic components located thereon form the wireless network card. The PCB includes a removable portion that, when removed, leaves an opening that receives an RF antenna connector. When the PCB is used to create a client wireless network card, one or more surface mount antennas are mounted on the PCB and coupled to surface mount antenna conductive pads formed thereon. The wireless network card may include (1) the surface mount antenna; (2) the RF connector; or (3) both the surface mount antenna and the RF connector.

Abstract: An apparatus for communications by a home station among remote stations in at least one communication medium. The apparatus comprises (a) local signal receiving circuitry for receiving an originating signal containing local intelligence; and (b) local signal processing circuitry for conveying the local intelligence via a communication medium to a target remote station; (c) remote signal receiving circuitry for receiving a transmitted signal containing remote intelligence; and (d) remote signal processing circuitry coupled with the remote signal receiving circuitry for processing the transmitted signal for conveying the remote intelligence to a user. The local signal receiving circuitry, the local signal processing circuitry, the remote signal receiving circuitry and the remote signal processing circuitry are implemented in a unitary structure borne upon a single silicon substrate.

Abstract: A peak limiter is intended to limit the peak of a signal that has a given frequency, in an assembly comprising other signals of lower amplitude and different frequencies. The peak limiter includes a circulator inserted into a line transporting all the signals. A first branch of the circulator is connected to a line on its upstream side. Its second branch is connected to a line on its downstream side. It's third branch is connected to a reference terminal via the combination of a band-pass filter centered on the given frequency, a threshold element, and an adapted load connected in series.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a connection structure for connecting the dielectric strip of an NRD guide with a metal waveguide, in which the conversion loss (connection loss) for high-frequency signals is reduced, and in which the NRD guide as well as the millimeter wave integrated circuit in which the NRD guide is incorporated can be made smaller. A non-radiative dielectric waveguide is made by arranging a dielectric strip for propagating high-frequency signals between parallel planar conductors arranged at a spacing of not more than half the wavelength of a high-frequency signal, a conductive member being arranged at an end face of a terminal end of the dielectric strip. An aperture is formed in at least one of the parallel planar conductors at a location where the electrical field of an LSM mode stationary wave propagating along the dielectric strip becomes largest. An open terminal end of a metal waveguide is connected to this aperture.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic integrated circuit module for a receiver front-end of a wireless communication device is provided. The module contains an embedded component portion, which has a plurality of thick film capacitors; a plurality of multilayer capacitors; and a plurality of transmission lines deposited internal to the multilayer ceramic integrated circuit module to interconnect the plurality of thick film capacitors and the plurality of multilayer capacitors. The module also contains a mounted component portion, which has a pair of pin diodes; a transistor and a plurality of resistors coupled thereto, for controlling the bias of the pair of pin diodes; and a low-noise-amplifier. The module reduces the size and weight of wireless devices and combines multiple functions into a highly integrated device.

Abstract: An amplifier system for electrical or physical quantities such as voltage or sound converts the quantity in a transducer to a differential phase shift of a high carrier frequency which is an analog equivalent of the quantity and multiplies the differential phase shift by conversion to a low frequency and frequency doubling back to the carrier frequency in successive stages by means of digital logic circuits.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for isolating high frequency signals in a printed circuit board. A barrier strip (36) of staggered elongated grounding slots is positioned on the circuit board to prevent stray signals from leaking from one portion of the board to another. To further improve signal isolation, additional grounding holes (80) are placed around those areas where a trace on a circuit board makes the transition from one layer to another layer in a multilayer circuit board. In addition, microstrip filters (56, 58) are attached to the power or control traces of circuitry on the board at positions where the traces cross from one section of the board to another in order to filter out any stray rf signals that may be induced by the transmitter onto the power and control traces.

Abstract: The present invention provides a diode limiter device in which a first penetration hole is formed on a wall surface of an H surface; the PIN diode is supported by the PIN diode mounting side of the post with the PIN diode being electrically connected to the waveguide at the first penetration hole; a second penetration hole is formed on the other wall surface opposite to the wall surface; a second conductive boss which grasps the PIN diode with the post is electrically insulated and supported with respect to the second penetration hole; a wiring substrate with the detection diode and the resistor mounted thereon is installed; and the wiring substrate is supported in the second penetration hole by a third boss, thereby improving productivity and reducing cost.

Abstract: The passive components of a transceiver, such as transmit/receive switches, antennas, inductors, capacitors and resonators, are integrated together on a common substrate to form an integrated passive transceiver section, which, in combination with other components, provides a highly reliable, low-cost, high-performance transceiver. Micro-electromechanical (MEM) device fabrication techniques are used to provide low-loss, high-performance switches and low-loss, high-Q reactive components, and enable the passive transceiver section's high level of integration. The passive components are preferably integrated on a low-cost glass substrate, with transceiver circuits containing active components fabricated on a separate substrate; the separate substrates are interconnected to implement the RF/analog and analog/digital interface portions of a transceiver. Additional MEM switching devices permit multiple, parallel signal paths to be switched in and out of the transceiver circuitry as needed to optimize performance.

Abstract: A printed circuit board (PCB) transceiver I/O filter design which provides both polarization and isolation filtering includes a receive probe positioned in a first orientation in an opening of the PCB which has a feed waveguide attached to it on a first side of the PCB. Receive signals propagate into the feed waveguide and excite the probe causing the receive probe to couple the received signals to receive circuitry. The transceiver design further includes an enclosed waveguide structure attached to the PCB having a first end positioned over the PCB opening and a second end positioned over a transmit probe which is positioned in a second orientation orthogonal to the receive probe. The transmit probe is excited by transmit circuitry and couples signals into the waveguide structure through the PCB opening and out the feed waveguide.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a single pole double throw switch including a transmitting and receiving port, a transmitting port, and a receiving port. A transmission switch is coupled between the transmitting port and the transmitting and receiving port. A reception switch is coupled between the receiving port and the transmitting and receiving port. The reception switch includes a field effect transistor having a gate, a drain and a source. A voltage generating circuit receives first and second power supply voltages. The first power supply voltage is greater than the second power supply voltage. The voltage generating circuit generates a third voltage lower than the second power supply voltage and applies the third voltage to the gate of the field effect transistor of the reception switch during transmission.

Abstract: A remote ground terminal for transmitting a modulated data signal to a satellite. The remote ground terminal includes an outdoor unit comprising an input port for receiving a modulated data signal, a housing having an upper portion and a lower portion which comprises a waveguide. The outdoor unit further comprises a transmitter module for amplifying and multiplying the modulated data signal so as to produce the modulated carrier signal. The transmitter is mounted in the lower portion of the housing so as to be positioned above at least a portion of the waveguide. The outdoor unit also comprises a probe having a first and second end, with the first end being disposed in the transmitter module. The probe receives the modulated carrier signal generated by the transmitter module. The second end of the probe extends from a lower surface of the transmitter module into the waveguide.

Abstract: In a digital mobile radio apparatus according to the present invention, a duplexer for connecting a transmitter and a receiver to a common receiving/transmitting antenna is constructed from an isolator and a receiving band-pass filter. The receiving band-pass filter prevents a transmitted wave from entering the receiver. Impedance matching is effected so that the isolator can prevent a received wave from entering the transmitter while suppressing the entrance of signals radiated from other mobile units in the same transmitting frequency band but at a different operating frequency.

Abstract: A non-radiative dielectric waveguide mixer includes at least one conductive plate, a dielectric waveguide held on said conductive plate and a solid-state device disposed across said dielectric waveguide for mixing at least two high-frequency signals which are propagated in opposite directions along said dielectric waveguide. The non-radiative dielectric waveguide mixer may be combined with a high-frequency signal generator and an antenna mechanism to provide a non-radiative dielectric waveguide radar module.

Abstract: Preferred embodiments include a microstrip patch antenna (38) which also acts as the resonator for an oscillator powered by IMPATT diodes (34, 36); this forms a monolithic transmitter (30) for microwave and millimeter wave frequencies.

Abstract: A Global Positioning System (GPS) commercial receiver is provided with a digital processor that can utilize to advantage P-code modulated L1 and L2 satellite signals which have been modulated with an unknown security code. Integration of the L1 and L2 signals, after demodulation by locally generated carrier and P-code signals, is repetitively accomplished over a duration that is estimated to be the period of the modulation code. The C/A-code L1 signal, which is not modulated with the unknown security code, is also used in locking the locally generated carrier and P-code generators in phase with the received L1 and L2 satellite signals. A interpolative technique is used for adjusting the phase of the locally generated carriers and code in increments much smaller than the period clock sources. Those locked phases can then be utilized to determine position, distance, time, etc., as is done in GPS receivers not utilizing the anti-spoofed signals but with increased accuracy and resolution.

Abstract: A signal switching apparatus for switching between a 1/4 wavelength transmission line, which transmits a transmission signal, and a 1/4 wavelength reception line, which receives a reception signal, which share a common antenna. The apparatus sets the characteristic impedance of one of the 1/4 wavelength lines to be zero while the other 1/4 wavelength lines is set to infinity so that the switching operation can be effected without passing the transmission and reception signals through semiconductor switches.

Abstract: A reciprocal transceiver to radiator coupling circuit uses both microstrip and waveguide modes of RF signal transmission (including a pair of nonreciprocal hybrid mode phase shifters) to gain size and weight advantages useful in feeding large scale phase arrays. At the same time, the radar cross section of such array apertures is reduced by arranging separate nonreciprocal receive and transmit branches of the circuit to route spurious intra-circuit reflections of incoming RF signals to a matched termination.

Abstract: A combined duplexer/mixer especially for use in an FMCW millimetric radar system has a waveguide section containing a fin line or suspended strip structure for responding to the linearly polarized radar return signal passing through the section in one direction while permitting passage of the orthogonally polarized, outgoing signal passing in the other direction. The fin line is coupled via double balanced mixer diodes to an IF output line to produce an IF signal by mixing the return signal with a portion of the outgoing signal tapped off by a field distorting probe, ridge section or like coupling means.

Abstract: A radar system having a common antenna for transmitting and receiving signals conventionally includes a branch duplexer which is bulky and inconvenient.By using a waveguide section having an antenna port at one end and a receiver port at the other, and including a protection unit comprising p.i.n. diodes these difficulties are reduced. The diodes prevent transmitted energy from a magnetron reaching the receiver port but allow received energy, because of its lower amplitude, to pass.

Abstract: The transmitter-receiver module includes a four-terminal coupler (2). An oscillator (1) and two diodes (4, 4') are connected to three of the terminals, while the fourth is connectable to an antenna (3). The diodes are used as a modulator during transmit, and as a mixer during receive. When transmitting, the oscillator is used as a signal source, and when receiving, it is used as a local oscillator. The module is implemented using fin-line technology. Several ways of realizing the oscillator are given.

Abstract: A microwave transmission system for multipath propagation operating according to the angle diversity principle and comprising a transmitting and receiving device including a reflector antenna and a waveguide exciter horn wherein a fundamental mode and modes of a higher order can propagate, a mode coupler following the exciter horn for separating the energy components of the main mode and the higher order modes, and receiving and combining devices for obtaining the best signal from the received energy components of the various modes. The exciter horn is dimensioned so that at least two independent modes of a higher order or combinations thereof having the same polarization as the main mode can be excited in the waveguide exciter horn in addition to the main mode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a phased array antenna system which transmits a local oscillator signal in a scanable spotbeam from a first array of feed elements (12.sub.l -12.sub.m) via a reflector or lens (16) and a frequency diplexing means (18) to a second array of feed elements (20.sub.l -20.sub.n) disposed on the image plane of the first array of feed elements. A message signal in a second beam also impinging the frequency diplexing means from a separate direction is also received at the second array of feed elements. The message signal and the local oscillator signal concurrently received at each of the feed elements of the second array are mixed in individual mixers and the output of each mixer can be reradiated for transmission to a remote receiver or combined with the outputs of the other mixers for use by a local receiver.

Abstract: A housing for a radio transmission receiver for very high frequencies, specifically for the 30 GHz range. The housing contains alignable antennas for dual directions. The housing is water-tight and contains a complete transmitter-receiver so that only modulation signals and a feed voltage are supplied from the outside. A compact and electrically efficient internal format, particularly of the radio frequency unit, is a principle feature of the invention.

Abstract: A receiver protector is described incorporating a waveguide containing several isolation stages followed by at least one iris plate filter.The invention overcomes the problem of RF or microwave leakage power of out-of-band frequencies some of which may be generated by non-linear elements in the prior isolation stages of the receiver protector.

Abstract: A microwave integrated circuit device for use in the transmitting and receiving portion of a Doppler speedometer utilizing microwaves. In order to keep the transmitting power low and the receiving sensibility high, a microwave integrated circuit plate in which a transmitting antenna line and lines for connecting mixer diodes therewith are arranged at right angles is mounted within a rectangular waveguide and in the vicinity of a short-circuit plate of the waveguide in a manner to lie at right angles with the electric field of the waveguide.

Abstract: A microwave integrated circuit device for reception wherein a microwave integrated circuit substrate is mounted on a short-circuited plane of an inner surface of a waveguide, a rectangular groove is provided in the short-circuited plane, and a mixer diode is arranged astride the groove.

Abstract: There is disclosed a microwave integrated circuit device which comprises a waveguide circuit, a short-circuiting member serving as a short-circuiting plane and having a groove in the short-circuiting plane, means for varying the effective dimensions of the groove which have effect on microwave circuit components, a microwave integrated circuit formed on an insulating substrate so disposed as to cover the groove, and a semiconductor element disposed on the microwave integrated circuit to convert the microwave signal in the waveguide circuit into a selected one of a d.c. and a low-frequency, whereby the conversion efficiency may be increased by setting the peak position of the output level characteristic of the device at a desired frequency within a certain frequency band.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transmit/receive switching unit for use between a transmit/receive converter and the transmission line of a transmit/receive device having a voltage source. The unit has transmitting and receiving channels with the receiving channel having a signal amplifier. An energy storage element such as a capacitor stores a part of the transmission energy on a continuing basis for operating the signal amplifier in the receiving channel. This scheme saves having to provide a separate line from a voltage source to the amplifier.

Abstract: Apparatus for sensing the presence of one or more of a multiplicity of radio waves of distinct frequencies, using a single horn and one or more radiation-receiving apertures with associated circuitry.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for a two-way information link, where a first one of two units or both units are intended to transmit an interrogation signal to the second unit, and the second unit is capable to transmit a response to the first unit.