Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for coordinating sleep modes between a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) and a cellular modem of an access point. In one aspect, the access point may obtain, from the cellular modem, information relating to a radio resource control (RRC) state transition or one or more power-saving events of the cellular modem and may select a power mode for the WLAN AP of the access device in accordance with the obtained information. In some implementations, selecting the power mode for the WLAN AP may include configuring the WLAN AP to either accept or reject a sleep mode request from a station (STA) served by the WLAN AP. As such, the access device may communicate with the STA using the WLAN AP in accordance with the accepted or rejected sleep mode request.

Abstract: A device and method for lending a local processing capability between connected terminals, the method including displaying, by a first electronic device, a first screen, where the first screen is a camera screen of the first electronic device, detecting a first operation of a user on the first screen, obtaining a first image file through photographing in response to the first operation, wherein the image file is a picture or a video, automatically sending the first image file to a second electronic device, automatically receiving processing data sent by the second electronic device, where the processing data is obtained by the second electronic device by processing the first image file, and where the processing data is associated with a second image file, detecting a second operation of the user on the first screen, and displaying the second image file in response to the second operation.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for spatial stream optimization using dynamic bandwidth. A WiFi scheduler of an access device, such as a customer premises equipment (CPE), may obtain communication parameters about a cellular connection of the access device, such as bandwidth part (BWP) information or start and end markers of downlink data transmissions over the cellular connection. The access device may select a number of spatial streams (NSS) for wireless local area network (WLAN) communications according to the received communication parameters pertaining to the cellular connection, and communicate with one or more stations (STAs) over a WLAN connection using the selected number of spatial streams.

Abstract: Presented are one or more embodiments of a device which includes a case and a sensor device. The case includes a first indent configured to secure an electronic device, the first indent in a first side of the case, a second indent in a second side of the case opposite the first side, the second indent extending from a first edge of the case in a first direction such that second indent is open at the first edge of the case, and a securing device in the second indent. The sensor device includes an outer casing configured to slide in the first direction in the second indent and at least partially prevented from leaving the second indent by the securing device, and a sensor at least partially in the outer casing.

Abstract: Wireless transport of multiple service versions of a transport framework. First and second information may be processed for transmission, respectively, according to first and second service versions of a transport framework. The first and second information may be encoded using a first type of error correction coding; after processing, the processed first information may include error correction coding according to the first type of error correction coding, while the processed second information may remain uncoded according to the first type of error correction coding. Control information may be generated indicating that the second information remains uncoded according to the first type of error correction coding, which may signal to receivers that the second information is processed according to the second service version of the transport framework.

Abstract: A method for automatic anonymous visitor identity resolution using machine learning, which includes generating a visitor histogram set from visitor events of a visitor event stream that include a visitor identifier and an internet protocol address, filtering a set of user identifiers into a candidate set of user identifiers based on the internet protocol address, obtaining one or more user histogram sets generated from user events that include user identifiers from the candidate set of user identifiers, and mapping the visitor identifier to a user identifier of the candidate set of user identifiers using a machine learning model and a histogram similarity matrix generated from the visitor histogram set, the one or more user histogram sets, and a set of histogram similarity functions. The method further includes presenting a response based on the mapping of the visitor identifier to the user identifier.

Abstract: A tower-mounted networking device facilitates deploying a remote station without having to build a custom station aside a radio tower. The networking device's chassis comprises a mounting bracket, which includes a curved contour for mounting the networking device on the radio tower. Also, the chassis can be resistant to weather intrusion, by not including a vent, to allow the networking device to be installed outdoors. The networking device can include a first power port coupled to an external connection line from a source external to the tower, such that the external connection line provides at least power to the networking device. The networking device can use the power to power a set of antenna mounted on the radio tower. The networking device can also relay a network connection between a pair of antennas, and/or between an antenna and a network connection to an Internet service provider.

Abstract: A communication device includes a wireless communication device, a location information acquisition device, a storage and a controller. The wireless communication device wirelessly communicates with a base station used as a connection destination. The location information acquisition device acquires location information on a location of the communication device. The storage stores historical communication information on past communication status. The controller determines a degree of risk of occurrence of reduction in an amount of available communication bandwidth beyond a tolerance limit based on the historical communication information and the location information. The controller further controls a transmission rate for communicating the data based on a result of determination of the degree of risk.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A served user equipment (UE) may receive a first configuration signal configuring the served UE with first transmission beam resources and second transmission beam resources for the served UE to use for beam management over a sidelink channel. The served UE may identify, based at least in part on the first configuration signal, a pattern for performing beam management using the first transmission beam resources and the second transmission beam resources. The served UE may perform the beam management over the sidelink channel in accordance with the pattern using the first transmission beam resources and the second transmission beam resources.

Abstract: A method for a first network device involves transmitting, to one or more second network devices, an uplink message that includes an indication of a receive window time interval, and may also include an indication of a request for a downlink message. The method also involves initiating a scheduled receive mode that causes the first network device to transition the first network device to a first power state, and perform a receive window procedure after the receive window time interval has elapsed. The receive window procedure includes transitioning the first network device to a second power state and listening for the downlink message for a duration of time. The method further involves determining that an expiration condition has been met while the first network device is in the scheduled receive mode. Additionally, the method involves terminating the scheduled receive mode upon determining that the expiration condition has been met.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention may include a method, computer program product and computer system for object detection and identification. The method, computer program product and computer system may include computing device which may receive an image from a user device. The image may be a screenshot captured by the user device from a display. The computing device may classify the image based on features present in the image and detect a salient object contained within the image. The computing device may identify the object in the image and one or more sources of the object in the image.

Abstract: System and methods for using channel quality reports to reduce inter-band interference are disclosed. Channel information is received at a first wireless communication device from a second wireless communication device. The first wireless device is operating in a first frequency range, and the second wireless device is operating in a second frequency range. The first frequency range is adjacent to the second frequency range. A channel quality report is generated at the first wireless communication device. The channel quality report indicates that particular sub-bands in the first frequency range have low channel quality. The particular sub-bands are selected using the channel information.

Abstract: To more efficiently compensate for modulation imbalance, a mobile device modulates and demodulates a calibration tone and generates digital data representing modulation imbalance effects on the calibration tone. Using digital data enables modulation imbalance effects to be quickly estimated using digital signal processing techniques, increasing the number of estimates of modulation imbalance effects calculated. The modulation imbalance estimates are used to refine one or more compensation parameters which are applied to transmitted and/or received signals to compensate for errors caused by modulation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a signal processing device and an image display apparatus including the same. In the signal processing device and the image display apparatus according to the present disclosure, a High Dynamic Range (HDR) processor receives an image signal and adjust a luminance of the image signal, and a reduction unit configured to amplify the adjusted luminance of the image signal and increase a resolution of the grayscale of the image signal to generate an enhanced image signal, wherein the enhanced image signal provides an increased luminance and grayscale resolution of the image signal while maintaining high dynamic range within the displayed HDR image. Accordingly, expression of high grayscale of a received image may improve.

Abstract: A network node of a local area wireless network preferentially tries to connect with a first node having the primary connection relationship with the network node in a first connection time window; when the network node fails to connect with the first node under a predetermined condition, the network node tries to connect with a second node having the backup connection relationship with the network node in a second connection time window. After the network node is connected with and finishes communicating with the first or second node, the network node enters into standby or dormancy state and tries to establish connection in a subsequent first connection time window or a second connection time window. By using priority or backup routing method and setting connection time window, the power consumption management and networking management mechanism of each node of the network are simplified. Each network node can operate at a low power consumption level.

Abstract: A system described herein may provide a technique for the selection of On Durations, Off Durations, and associated timers for monitoring of downlink traffic for a User Equipment (“UE”). For example, the UE may monitor a Physical Downlink Control Channel (“PDCCH”) according to a first set of On and Off Durations associated with a particular profile selected for the UE, and monitor the PDCCH according to a second set of On and Off Durations associated with the particular profile upon expiration of a timer associated with the first set of On and Off Durations. Machine learning or other suitable techniques may be used to refine the selection of On/Off Durations and associated timers in an ongoing process.

Abstract: The disclosed systems and methods are directed to wireless receiver systems for neutralizing the effects of received RF blocking signals. The configurations presented herein operate to receive RF signals containing a desired signal and a blocking signal, a first module, in communication with the receive RF signals along a first signal path and configured to extract a specimen of the received desired and blocking signals, and a second module, in communication with the first module along a second signal path to receive the desired signal and blocking signal specimens. The second module is configured to produce a replica of the blocking signal based on the blocking signal specimen, generate an anti-blocking signal based on the blocking signal replica, and introduce the anti-blocking signal to the received desired and blocking signals in which the anti-blocking signal destructively interferes to neutralize the received blocking signal.

Abstract: A system for automatically ascertaining the location of wireless functional devices, such as lights and switches, in a building. Information from the devices is generated by receipt of electromagnetic signals from other devices, to calculate a best fit for the relative location of the devices in relation to each other. Preferably a map of the building is adduced to refine the location process, for instance by tying the location of a light switch to a wall or a light to a ceiling. The information is used to ascertain that, for example, two devices are in the same room and can be associated with each other. Account can be taken of variable features of the building such as partition walls, to update device settings. There is thus no need to survey the building manually.

Abstract: Detection of a user paying attention to a device may be used to enable or support biometric security (e.g., facial recognition) enabled features on the device. Images captured by a camera on the device may be used to determine if the user is paying attention to the device. Facial features of the user's face in the images may be assessed to determine if the user is paying attention to the device. Facial features may be assessed through comparison of feature vectors generated from the captured image feature to a set of known feature vectors. The known feature vectors for attention may be generated using a machine learning process.

Abstract: Techniques for establishing RF power connections with wireless power transmission systems in multi-wireless power transmission system environments are described herein. More specifically, the techniques describe a method for establishing a connection with an optimal wireless power transmission system when multiple wireless power transmission systems are within range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for allocating a resource by a base station in a wireless communication system supporting full-duplex communication. Specifically, the present invention comprises the steps of: transmitting, to a plurality of UEs, measurement information including time information and information on candidate sub-bands for measuring inter-device interference (IDI); receiving, from the plurality of UEs, IDI measurement results measured according to the measurement information; and performing resource allocation for the plurality of UEs on the basis of the IDI measurement results, wherein the information on candidate sub-bands includes at least one candidate sub-band configured for each of the plurality of UEs on the basis of channel measurement between the base station and the corresponding UE.

Abstract: A call for humidity signal may activate a water valve of a humidifier to cause water to flow onto a humidifier pad within the humidifier. In some examples, a controller may activate the water valve in a pattern such that most of the water evaporates, rather than flowing to a drain system, yet still provides the requested humidity level. In some examples, the controller is configured to cause the water valve to deliver water to the humidifier pad in a water delivery pattern having a controlled period and a controlled duty cycle.

Abstract: Communications systems containing an electrically-isolated Push-To-Talk (EI-PTT) device are described in this application. The communication systems contain multiple radios, a microphone/headset, and a centralized power supply. The systems also contain an EI-PTT device which reduces or eliminates noise that can disrupt the audio transmission. The EI-PTT device allows an operator or user of the communication system to actuate a button which remotely switches the radio from receive mode to transmit mode. This allows multiple users to listen (receive) to communication traffic on the same frequency at all times, but only speak (transmit) on the frequency while activating the EI-PTT device. Unlike other PTT devices which electrically tie the ground signals inside the device, the EI-PTT devices electrically isolate the ground signals to reduce the problem of noise coupling. Other embodiments are described.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for mitigating interference of a first radio signal received by a first transceiver of a first radio access technology (RAT) due to transmission of a second radio signal by a second transceiver of a second RAT, wherein the first transceiver and the second transceiver are physically collocated on a same device. The method includes: pre-setting a power of the second radio signal based on a throughput performance requirement for the first radio signal before transmission of the second radio signal, and tuning the power of the second radio signal during transmission of the second radio signal based on estimating the interference of the first radio signal.

Abstract: Techniques for establishing RF power connections with wireless power transmission systems in multi-wireless power transmission system environments are described herein. More specifically, the techniques describe a method for establishing a connection with an optimal wireless power transmission system when multiple wireless power transmission systems are within range.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for controlling in-device coexistence interference (IDC) in a wireless communication system are provided. The present invention comprises transmitting IDC indication information including an unusable frequency band that is a frequency band in which performing communication is difficult because of IDC interference to a Base Station (BS), receiving Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration including IDC Discontinuous Reception (DRX) configuration reconfiguring DRX relating the unusable frequency band based on the IDC indication information from the BS and performing autonomously denial of Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) transmission in the unusable frequency band by reconfiguring DRX based on the IDC DRX configuration.

Abstract: A communication apparatus comprises a first obtaining unit configured to obtain a captured image; a recognizing unit configured to recognize another communication apparatus from within the captured image obtained by the first obtaining unit; and a transmitting unit configured to, in a case where a plurality of other communication apparatuses were recognized by the recognizing unit, transmit to the plurality of other communication apparatuses a predetermined instruction whereby the plurality of other communication apparatuses connect to each other or disconnect from each other.

Abstract: The present invention for reducing exposure of human to radio frequency radiation comprising a wireless device which comprises a high power radio frequency (HPRF) module, and a low power communications (LPC) module coupled to a switch and further coupled to a control unit and to the baseband unit or to the application processor of the hybrid wireless device; and a high power radio frequency-low power communications (HPRF-LPC) device which comprises a high power radio frequency (HPRF) module coupled to a processor and further coupled to a low power communications (LPC) module. Replication of the HPRF module in the wireless device and its function into the HPRF-LPC device enables communications between the HPRF-LPC device located at a distance away from the human head with a base station and reduces RF energy exposure. The present invention significantly reduces the RF exposure contributing to head SAR of 0.16 W/kg or lower averaged over one gram of tissue.

Abstract: A device, a method, a system, and a computer program product for installation, positioning and/or repositioning of a radio device are disclosed. Using a positioning device, an identification information of the radio device and at least one first positioning parameter associated with the radio device are received for positioning of the radio device on an installation surface. The positioning device determines at least one second positioning parameter of the radio device. The first and second positioning parameters are compared and the radio device is positioned based on at least one of the following: the first positioning parameter and the second positioning parameter.

Abstract: According to authentication by an external authentication system, a mobile device according to the present invention appropriately controls a start or a stop of a function of automatically sending a signal using wireless communication and a content of the signal.

Abstract: A method including: determining in device co-existence interference during a communications failure of the device; and determining a failure report generation operation dependent on determining in device co-existence interference during the communications failure.

Abstract: A method for avoiding mutual interference when heterogeneous communication modules such as LTE, wireless LAN, Bluetooth, and GPS coexist in a terminal in a wireless communication system is provided. The terminal may reduce mutual interference when a plurality of communication modules simultaneously operate to efficiently communicate therewith.

Abstract: A location application can be configured to detect a call to a particular telephone number. The location application can also be configured to receive a plurality of radio frequency (RF) signals provided through a plurality of different RF interfaces. Each of the RF interfaces can be configured to receive RF signals of different protocols. The location application can also be configured to determine an identifier (ID) for a source of each of the RF signals. At least two of the RF signals can be of different protocols. The location application can also be configured to insert the ID for the sources of each of the RF signals into call signaling for the call.

Abstract: An electronic device configured for closed loop remote control functionality and related methods are disclosed herein. In particular, in one embodiment, an electronic device configured for closed loop remote control functionality is provided. The device includes a processor and a transmitter configured to wirelessly transmit instructions to a remotely controlled device. Additionally, the device includes an input device configured to allow a user to provide input to the electronic device related to remote control and one or more sensors configured to obtain information related to a state of the remotely controlled device. The processor is configured to use the information obtained by the one or more sensors to determine the state of the remote controlled devices upon receiving the input from a user to transmit instructions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an information processing apparatus that performs control to write data requested to be output by a user to a predetermined file via a port monitor as a function of first output control software installed in an operating system, acquires the data written to the predetermined file, and performs output control on the acquired data to an external system on a network as a function of second output control software downloaded from an application management server and installed.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for mitigating noise and/or impedance effects in transmitters. The mitigation comprises, when transmitter is in a non-active mode, decoupling at least a portion of the transmitter and coupling an auxiliary component to a remaining portion of the transmitter. When the transmitter is in an active mode, the auxiliary component is decoupled from the remaining portion of the transmitter, and the at least a portion of the transmitter is coupled to the remaining portion of the transmitter. The auxiliary component comprises one or more of: a resistive element, a capacitive element, and a reactive component. The auxiliary component is configured such that it may achieve a small mismatching error.

Abstract: This invention is applicable to the field of communications technologies, and provides a device to device (D2D) discovery method and a first D2D user equipment (UE). The method includes: the first D2D UE acquires timing information of the first D2D UE from a Lont Term Evolution (LTE) cellular communications system; receives in a discovery subframe, a device discovery signal from a second D2D UE according to the timing information, wherein the device discovery signal comprises a pilot orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol and a device information OFDM symbol; acquires an arrival time of the device discovery signal by performing a time domain correlation of the pilot OFDM symbol of the device discovery signal and a local pilot sequence, acquires device information of the second D2D UE by parsing the device information OFDM symbol of the device discovery. This invention enables a D2D UE to effectively discover other D2D UEs, improves system efficiency, and saves power of the D2D UE.

Abstract: An RF front-end module includes a transmitting/receiving terminal, a control unit, a first transmitting block and a second transmitting block. The first transmitting block and the second transmitting block connect the transmitting/receiving terminal and the control unit. The control unit controls on or off status of the first transmitting block and the second transmitting block. Thus, the first transmitting block and the second transmitting block can send a signal to the transmitting/receiving terminal directly without pass through any switch unit, avoiding extra signal loss on switch unit.

Abstract: Provided are a home appliance and a method of outputting a signal sound for diagnosis. The home appliance includes: a selection unit for receiving a diagnosis command on the home appliance from a user; a memory for storing diagnosis data on the home appliance; a controller for processing the diagnosis data stored in the memory in order to generate a packet according to a diagnosis command input through the selection unit; a conversion unit for generating a frame including a combination of symbols, which respectively correspond to four different carrier frequencies, on the basis of data constituting the packet, according to a Quadrature Frequency Shift Keying (QFSK) method.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for controlling in-device coexistence interference (IDC) in a wireless communication system are provided. The present invention comprises transmitting IDC indication information including an unusable frequency band that is a frequency band in which performing communication is difficult because of IDC interference to a evolved NodeB (eNB), receiving Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration including IDC Discontinous Reception (DRX) configuration reconfiguring DRX relating the unusable frequency band based on the IDC indication information from the eNB and performing autonomously denial of Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) transmission in the unusable frequency band by reconfiguring DRX based on the IDC DRX configuration.

Abstract: A system that incorporates teachings of the subject disclosure may include, for example, method for initiating a mode of operation of a communication device, measuring a signal to determine an adverse operational effect on the communication device, determining a tuning state from the signal to compensate for the adverse operational effect, tuning a circuit of the communication device having a variable reactance according to the tuning state, storing the tuning state in a memory of the communication device, and tuning the circuit according to the tuning state retrieved from the memory responsive to detecting a reoccurrence of the mode of operation of the communication device. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for controlling, in a network device, multiple radio circuits operating in a same or similar frequency band and in close physical proximity. In some embodiments, the radio circuits operate on the same network protocol. The network device can include a coexistence controller coupled to the network circuits. According to some embodiments, the network circuits are each assigned a priority, and the coexistence controller can control operations between the network circuits by selectively adjusting one or more transmission operating parameters of a respective network circuit based on a plurality of operating criteria, which include each network circuit's priority. Among other benefits, the embodiments disclosed herein can increase wireless network bandwidth and reduce mobile device power consumption by providing coordination among the radio circuits so that the transmitting and receiving operations are performed in a way that they do not interfere with their respective antennas.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for controlling, in a network device, multiple radio circuits operating in a same or similar frequency band and in close physical proximity. In some embodiments, the radio circuits operate on the same network protocol. The network device can include a coexistence controller coupled to the network circuits. According to some embodiments, the network circuits are each assigned a priority, and the coexistence controller can control operations between the network circuits by selectively adjusting one or more transmission operating parameters of a respective network circuit based on a plurality of operating criteria, which include each network circuit's priority. Among other benefits, the embodiments disclosed herein can increase wireless network bandwidth and reduce mobile device power consumption by providing coordination among the radio circuits so that the transmitting and receiving operations are performed in a way that they do not interfere with their respective antennas.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for controlling, in a network device, multiple radio circuits operating in a same or similar frequency band and in close physical proximity. In some embodiments, the radio circuits operate on the same network protocol. The network device can include a coexistence controller coupled to the network circuits. According to some embodiments, the network circuits are each assigned a priority, and the coexistence controller can control operations between the network circuits by selectively adjusting one or more transmission operating parameters of a respective network circuit based on a plurality of operating criteria, which include each network circuit's priority. Among other benefits, the embodiments disclosed herein can increase wireless network bandwidth and reduce mobile device power consumption by providing coordination among the radio circuits so that the transmitting and receiving operations are performed in a way that they do not interfere with their respective antennas.

Abstract: An in-device coexistence interference report control method of a network for terminal to inform the network of interference among heterogeneous radio communication modules coexisting in the terminal is provided. The method includes determining, at a terminal when a terminal capability enquiry message is received from a base station, whether the base station supports an In-Device Coexistence (IDC) interference report, transmitting, when the IDC interference report is supported, a terminal capacity information message to the base station, receiving a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message including information on whether terminal's IDC interference indicator transmission is permitted from the base station; and transmitting an RRC connection reconfiguration complete message to the base station in response to the RRC connection reconfiguration message.

Abstract: A portable communication device includes an appearance, a substrate and a switchable resonant antenna. The substrate is disposed in the appearance, and the substrate has a ground plane. The switchable resonant antenna comprises a first connection portion, a switching unit, a first metal element and a second metal element, where the first connection portion is electrically coupled between the ground plane and the switching unit, the switching unit is configured to electrically couple the first connection portion to the first metal element or the second metal element according to a control signal generated corresponding to a detecting result, in order to generate a first resonant mode.

Abstract: In response to information indicating data to be printed from a portable device, a system generates compatible printer information indicating one or more compatible printers compatible with printing of the data to be printed, sing information related to the data to be printed and device information of each one of the nearby printers. Based on the compatible printer information, a display for the system displays thereon a screen that lists one or more compatible printers that are compatible with printing of the data to be printed.

Abstract: A communication apparatus for an information processing apparatus includes: a data acquiring unit which acquires data; a determination unit which determines whether a volume of the data is greater than a reference value or not; a wireless communication method deciding unit which decides a wireless communication method, and which decides a wireless communication method to be used for data transmission, based on a communication speed of each method if the determination unit determines that the volume of the data is greater than the reference value, and decides a wireless communication method, based on power consumption if the volume of the data is determined as equal to or smaller than the reference value; and a wireless communication processing control unit which controls processing to transmit the data.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for controlling in-device coexistence interference (IDC) in a wireless communication system are provided. The present invention comprises transmitting IDC indication information including an unusable frequency band that is a frequency band in which performing communication is difficult because of IDC interference to a evolved NodeB (eNB), receiving Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration including IDC Discontinous Reception (DRX) configuration reconfiguring DRX relating the unusable frequency band based on the IDC indication information from the eNB and performing autonomously denial of Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) transmission in the unusable frequency band by reconfiguring DRX based on the IDC DRX configuration.

Abstract: In an up-converter path of a transmitter, wide-band signal system like direct conversion WiGig, a high pass filter (HPF) is placed in the baseband path after the low pass filter (LPF) but before the mixers. The baseband signal of WiGig can have a bandwidth of 800 MHz. The HPF removes the frequencies from 0-40 MHz from the baseband signal and degrades the overall signal of the baseband by a dB or so. However, the frequency pulling is significantly reduced since oscillator frequency and Radio frequency (RF) transmitter frequencies after conversion become further separated when compared a system using to the conventional approach. This causes the injected signal to fall outside the locking range of the oscillator. The concern of substrate coupling is reduced and allows for a reduction in the physical distance between the oscillator and the mixer and reduces a shift in the desired target frequency of operation.