Abstract: A system for cultivating plants or vegetables, includes a carrier for holding trays accommodating the plants or vegetables, the carrier having an interior formed by a bottom and raised edges extending circumferentially along the bottom to form a container for holding a liquid for cultivating plants or vegetables, and an opening arranged at the bottom; a frame to support the carrier; a supply duct for supplying the liquid towards the carrier, the supply duct arranged at least partly under the carrier; a sprayer device which is at one end fluidly connected to the supply duct and which is at the other provided with a nozzle to direct a flow of liquid to the interior of the carrier; wherein the sprayer device is arranged through the opening of the carrier, the nozzle protruding into the interior of the carrier when the carrier is positioned on the frame.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plant factory, which provides the following effects. The mesh-shaped floor is formed through the layer division support frame in the cultivation chamber, and the floor is divided into the cultivation layers having a multi-layered structure of two or more layers, thereby minimizing input resources and maximizing space and energy utilization efficiencies.

Abstract: A lighting device suitable for promoting plant growth, said lighting device comprising:—(i) a first group of LEDs comprising a plurality of LEDs adapted to generate a first emission spectrum having a peak between 450-460 nm (royal blue light); (ii) a second group of LEDs comprising a plurality of LEDs adapted to generate a second emission spectrum having a peak between 630-670 nm (crimson light); (iii) a third group of LEDs comprising a plurality of LEDs adapted to generate a third emission spectrum having a peak between 720-740 nm (cherry red light); (iv) a fourth group of LEDs comprising a plurality of LEDs adapted to generate white light; wherein the intensity of the light output generated by each group of LEDs is adjustable independently of the other groups.

Abstract: A stain-proof gardening container having a cap brace including a plurality of grooves, each groove connects to a top edge of one of a corresponding vertically oriented left side panel member, right side panel member and back panel member, a front panel member including a handle, the front panel member attaches to the left side panel member, a floor panel including a well and a plurality of grooves, each groove connects to a bottom edge of one of a corresponding vertically oriented left side panel member, right side panel member and back panel member, a housing frame formed by the cap brace, left side panel member, right side panel member, back panel member, front panel member and floor panel, the housing frame including an interior cavity, a gardening collection receptacle for receiving and storing at least one gardening component, the gardening collection receptacle including an elastic headband located at its top region for installing the gardening collection receptacle in the interior cavity of the housing

Abstract: A system for utilizing waves in an assembly line grow pod includes a plurality of carts, a wave generator and a master controller. The plurality of carts carries a plurality of plants including a first plant and a second plant. The wave generator generates sound waves having a different range of frequency. The master controller is communicatively coupled to the wave generator and comprising a processor and a memory storing a wave recipe and instructions. The wave recipe correlates the plurality of plants with different characteristics of sound waves including frequency. The wave generator generates a first sound wave having the characteristic correlated to the first plant and a second sound wave having the characteristic correlated to the second plant.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for an electronic sensor for detecting a root of a plant in soil, the electronic sensor that includes a first conductor plate configured to be disposed in soil, a switch, a power supply, and signal extractor. The switch is electrically coupled to the first conductor plate and is configured to switch between a first mode and a second mode. The power supply is electrically coupled to the switch and is configured to provide an electrical charge to the first conductor plate in the first mode of the switch. The signal extractor is electrically coupled to the switch and is configured to extract a signal response at the first conductor plate in the second mode of the switch. The present disclosure further provides a second conductor plate configured to be disposed in soil adjacent to and substantially parallel to the first conductor plate. The second conductor plate is electrically coupled to ground.

Abstract: Sign apparatuses are disclosed, configured with a base, a display panel, and a support post. The base of the sign apparatus may include a planter portion containing display elements such as plant material, where the plant material comprises at least a portion of the ballast weight necessary to stabilize the sign apparatus against the wind and other forces. The base may also include a ballast area for holding additional ballast material.

Abstract: In some implementations, a device includes a first full bridge rectifier configured to receive power from an alternating current (AC) power source, the first full bridge rectifier having direct current (DC) output nodes, a second full bridge rectifier configured to receive power from the AC power source, the second full bridge rectifier having DC output nodes, wherein the second full bridge rectifier is coupled to receive AC power in series with the first full bridge rectifier, a first set of light emitting diodes coupled to the DC output nodes of the first full bridge rectifier, and a second set of light emitting diodes coupled to the DC output nodes of the second full bridge rectifier.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to fixtures, systems and methods for providing vegetation grow light fixtures with auxiliary power and/or data communication ports or hubs allowing for expansion of their functionality, modularity and adaptability. The addition of power or communication ports integrated with a grow light fixture enables other components to be connected directly to and powered by the grow light fixture. Such components may include but are not limited to supplemental lighting, sensors and actuators.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein describe systems and methods associated with light mounting systems. Embodiments may include lighting shelves that are configured to be mounted to a fixed structure, such as to a wall or supports within a room via a cantilever design that is mounted to strut channels. The lighting shelves may be anchored at only a single end to the strut channels, and the lighting shelves may protrude away from the strut channels. The lighting shelves may have a sufficient width and length to cover an entire region of interest below the lighting shelves, which may enable to lighting shelves to uniformly distribute light to plants.

Abstract: Disclosed is an air purifier, which comprises a shell with an air inlet and an air outlet, an ecological purification system with a flowerpot assembly, a microorganism box and a water tank arranged in sequence, a filtering system, and a control system for carrying out control. The water of the ecological purification system flows through the filtering system to bring dust and VOCs adsorbed by the filtering system into the ecological purification system for purification. The flowerpot assembly comprises a flowerpot. The water of the water tank enters the flowerpot via a water inlet, and when the water level is higher than a water outlet, the water flows through the microorganism box and then enters the water tank, so as to form the water circulation. The air purifier is simple in structure, easy to operate and low in cost, and has a high purification efficiency for air pollutants, especially VOCs.

Abstract: A soilless system for high density plant growth includes a greenhouse structure; at least one elongate support member arranged substantially vertically in the greenhouse structure, the support member having a body having a flow channel defined therein; and a plurality of vertically spaced apart receptacles angularly disposed to the vertical axis of the body to receive a plant therein, the receptacles being in fluid communication with the flow channel; a fluid supply system in fluid communication with the flow channel to supply a fluid stream to the flow channel; and a fluid collection system to collect residual fluid that has flowed through the flow channel.

Abstract: A hydrophonic planter for growing plants, comprising one or more growing cups filled with growing bed substrate, one or more dry tubes attached to a bottom side of the growing cup(s) where the dry tube(s) is mechanically coupled to a container containing nutrient solution, one or more water pumps driving a sprinkle of the nutrient solution through water pipes into the growing cup(s), a controller controlling operation of the water pump(s) and a communication component electronically coupled to the controller for communicating with one or more remote devices to transfer data between the controller and the remote device(s). Wherein the sprinkle flows over roots of one or more plants planted in the growing cup(s). A residue of the sprinkle flows through one or more holes located at the bottom side of the growing cup(s) and through the dry tube(s) to be accumulated at the bottom of the dry tube(s).

Abstract: A container for dispensing a pourable composition and an air freshener, the container comprising: a container body for the pourable composition, and an air freshening unit attached or attachable to a lower periphery of the container body, and comprising a housing and a closure. The closure closes an aperture in the housing through which the air freshener is loadable into the air freshener unit and thereby retains the air freshener in the air freshener unit, and the closure and the air freshener housing are mutually engageable.

Abstract: An assembly for cultivating plants (17,18), in particular crops. Also, components of said assembly. The assembly comprises a fixedly disposed upright (5) which forms a suspension for a light source (6), and a cart (7) with a carrier (12) which is displaceable from and close to or even against the upright (5), and a container (13) for placing on or at the carrier (12) for the purpose of accommodating at least one plant (17,18). At least one of the upright (5), the light source (6), the cart (7), the carrier (12) and the container (13) may comprise a reflector and/or a light diffuser. Also, a heater with which disinfection is possible, preferably in a closed environment such as a cabin (1). Further, shaping of the upright (5) and the cart (7) for the most compact possible mutual engagement.

Abstract: A cover for a plant-growing medium comprises a main cover portion, a peripheral base spaced from the main cover portion and defining an outer perimeter of the cover, and a peripheral wall extending from a first side of the main cover portion between the main cover portion and the peripheral base. One or more plant growth channels are defined by one or more tubes extending from the first side of the main cover portion. Each tube has a proximal end adjacent the main cover portion and a distal end relative to the proximal end, with a first aperture defined in the main cover portion at the proximal end of the tube and a second aperture defined at the distal end of the tube. The first aperture and the second aperture communicate through the tube to define each plant growth channel.

Abstract: A central housing in a generally rectilinear configuration. The central housing has a horizontal open top, a horizontal open bottom and side walls. A horizontal lower divider panel is between the top and the bottom. Lateral openings in the housing are located in the lower section of the upstanding side walls adjacent to the bottom extent. A plurality of interchangeable upper components is chosen from the class including a cover having seat and table top on the top and bottom of the planar surfaces, an ice chest a large planter, an upper horizontal divider panel and an ice chest. The upper components are adapted to be selectively positioned on the open top and depend into the upper component. A plurality of lower components is chosen from the class including doors and casters. A lateral opening is formed in the housing adjacent to the bottom.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus to simplify an air supply path without damaging the merit of conventional culture apparatus. The apparatus is a culture apparatus which includes a row of a plurality of box-shaped containers for plant cultivation, and a row of lower stage containers arranged in the lower portion of the row, holding the upper stage container spaced as high as the height after growth of the plants to be cultivated. In each container, a support, a blocking film stretched between front and rear, right and left supports of the container are provided. In the one end of the rows of the containers, an air conditioner is arranged, and in another end, a turnaround chamber is provided.

Abstract: The invention claim is a garden tool to assist in the removal of planting medium and plant from a planting container. The garden tool comprises a handle having a first end and a second end, a base, and a planting container. The handle and the base are connected forming a L-shape body. The base is placed inside the planting container, and the handle extends above the top of the planting container. The connection between the handle and base may be reinforced by an angle brace. The connection between the handle and base may be hinged. If the connection is hinged, the angle brace prevents the hinge movement. Located on one end of the angle brace is a hook, that connects to the base. In addition, the base has weeping holes to allow the drainage of water. The base also has raised ridges to contain the growing medium when removed.

Abstract: An assembly for growing plants which includes a frame with a pair of laterally spaced apart frame members, and each the frame member has a main housing to be located above a surface; a longitudinally extending main shaft which extends between the main housings, and the main shaft defines a longitudinal axis about which the main shaft can rotate; an end plate positionable adjacent each the main housing and securable to the main shaft so as to rotate about the axis; and each the end plate has at least two arms; a distal end of each the arm has an arm housing for supporting an arm shaft extending laterally between corresponding arms of corresponding end plates; and a cradle for growing plants which is securable to the arm shaft and movable about the main shaft.

Abstract: A planter reservoir and planter system which is easily converted for different planting environments. The planter reservoir is divided by a permeable partition into different areas. The lower area contains a canal with perforated walls. Multiple openings in the reservoir allow the users options to control liquids. The reservoir may be assembled into a planter system. where two reservoirs are connect by a mounting tray, clip, and handle forming an array. An upper array is supported above the lower array by several support bars. Accessory mounts are located on both the reservoirs and mounting trays.

Abstract: There are provided a device for fixing biomass-based solar heat and carbon dioxide gas with a similarity to containerized culture having high crop productivity, which is capable of fixing carbon dioxide gas highly efficiently, while being compact and easily managed, and a house equipped with the fixing device having an energy circulation system. The fixing device for biomass-based solar heat and carbon dioxide gas is configured to include an air intake unit which takes air into a box, a mesh-like air and water flow-through unit laid in the bottom of the box that is configured to be open to the atmosphere, a water reservoir tray on which the box is mounted, and cultivation soil which is held inside the box. Further, in the house relating to the present invention, the fixing device for biomass-based solar heat and carbon dioxide gas is arranged in an area that gets a lot of sunshine.

Abstract: A flower pot and urn put together to make it possible to display a pet or loved one's cremated remains in a way like never before is generally provided. In a typical embodiment, a flower pot and urn are molded closely together so plants or flowers can drape around the urn. The pot and urn may be set on a mantel or table depending on the size or, for larger sizes, put in any room in a house. An embodiment of the present invention presents a combination flower pot and urn on a base that acts as a drip pan for the flower pot and a stand for the urn to keep it up out of the water.

Abstract: A controlled environment agricultural system having a self-regulating grow module that automatically waters the plant without over-watering or under-watering. The system may further comprise a self-regulating lift mechanism with an optic sensor, the lift mechanism capable of raising, lowering, and rotating each grow module independently of any other grow module, to monitor and provide individual attention to individual plants within a crop in order to maximize growth and plant yield.

Abstract: A cultivation system moves containers between a growing area and a monitoring area. The containers hold cultivation beds for cultivating plants, and the cultivation system includes: a grow light emitting unit emitting grow light for growing the cultivated plants in the containers located in the growing area; an imaging unit capturing the cultivated plants in the containers located in the monitoring area; and a control unit causing the grow light emitting unit to stop emitting the grow light when the imaging unit captures the plants.

Abstract: A grow light support system for use with a raised border system includes components for forming a tension cord network that is suspended over the raised bed border system and includes a grow light unit that is suspended on the tension cord network. The grow light unit is configured such that the grow light can be positioned and locked in place at a predetermined location of the tension cord network and is configured such that the distance between the grow light and the tension cord network can be varied, thereby changing the height at which the grow light is positioned relative to the ground.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus and method for repelling flying insects. In particular, the present apparatus and method is effective at repelling mosquitoes via the mechanical movement of air in a space that is subject to mosquito presence. The mechanical movement of air is achieved via the utilization of a centrifugal fan system contained in the disclosed apparatus. The present apparatus also comprises a compartment suitable for containing a substrate that may be utilized as a habitat for plants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a container for propagating growth of seedlings, having a main body comprising a base, a central wall extending vertically from the base. A first wall section and a second wall section are arranged to the main body. The first wall section and the second wall section are hingeably connected to the main body. The base, the central wall, the wall sections forms in the closed condition at least two cells being open at top. The base comprises a sup-porting structure at the lower part of the main body, wherein the main body is provided with supporting means for holding an irrigation mat. The present invention also relates to a tray designed for receive and carry one or more of said containers, a greenhouse including the tray and one or more of the mentioned containers, and a method for propagating growth of seedlings.

Abstract: A structure (20) for growing plants comprises an array (22) of containers (24), for example intermodal shipping containers, each having a floor (28) and an open end (30), and being arranged in a plurality of stacked rows (32), each row comprising a plurality of containers. The array defines a space (34) bounded on its sides by the open ends of the containers. Each container holds a plant-growing apparatus (26) of the type having a plurality of rotatable plant-growing modules (52) in which plants grow radially inwardly toward a light source (56) inside the module. The structure (20) includes means (58, 60) for moving the modules along a path within each container and means (74) for removing the modules from the containers and for placing the modules into the containers. The array of containers and the bounded space are covered by a flexible fabric (50) or rigid dome (48).

Abstract: A plant growing device 1 is provided with a ventilation unit 6 including an intake unit 61 for taking the air into a growing chamber R and an exhaust unit 62 for exhausting the air from the growing chamber R. The ventilation unit 6 operates in either an intake/exhaust mode for taking the air into and exhausting the air from the growing chamber R or a circulation mode in which the air is circulated in the growing chamber R. By switching between these two modes, CO2 is taken into the growing chamber R and gas concentration, a temperature, and a humidity in the growing chamber R become uniform, leading to an improvement of the growing efficiency of plants P.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modular structure for provision of a raised garden planter bed. The structure includes at least first and second receptacles adapted to be juxtaposed and connecting means adapted to bind the juxtaposed receptacles together. The present invention also relates to a kit of parts and a method for building the modular structure.

Abstract: An integrated environmental sustaining apparatus for maintaining a terrarium is adapted to simultaneously regulate temperature and deliver water droplets. The apparatus includes three major systems; a thermoelectric device, a water droplet delivery system, and a thermostat. The thermoelectric device is used to release heat or absorb heat. The water droplet delivery system includes a water pump, a water pipe and at least one water droplet dispersing device connected to the water pipe. A section of the water pipe is coupled to the thermoelectric device such that water flowing inside the water pipe will thermally communicate with the thermoelectric device. The thermostat is used to power on or off the thermoelectric device and the water pump in response to the temperature measurement inside the terrarium in relation to a predetermined temperature range determined by a low-temperature setting and a high temperature setting that can be programmed into the thermostat.

Abstract: An agriculture production system includes a plurality of plant housings interconnected by conduit portions of a conduit assembly. Each plant housing has an upper housing portion that supports a plant in a growing media therein and a lower housing portion defining a chamber cavity below the upper housing portion so that roots of the plant extend into the chamber, said conduit portions fluidly interconnecting the chambers of the plant housings. A conditioned air unit is coupled to the conduit assembly and conditions air that flows through the conduit assembly into the chambers of the plant housings. A water supply assembly has a plurality of irrigation units, each associated with one of the plant housings and delivering water to the plant housing from a water supply source. The plant housings are arranged in a circuit allowing conditioned air to flow through the chambers of the plant housings to control a temperature and/or humidity in said chambers to promote root development and plant growth.

Abstract: A plant pot and support structure for supporting a plant growing in the pot including the plant pot, at least one pillar connected to the plant pot, and at least one mesh supported by and connected to the pillar. The plant grows upwardly through, and is supported by, the mesh. The pillars are connected to and supported by the plant pot. The mesh is suspended in a horizontal plane allowing the plant to grow up and through the openings in the mesh, which in turn provides support to the plant. In doing so, the plant does not need to divert its growth resources toward strengthening its stalk and can maximize its fruit or flowering yield. In another embodiment, there is disclosed a plant pot having a sidewall that includes at least one bore extending downwardly along the sidewall.

Abstract: The flowerpot doily-supporting accessory includes a cross brace and a plurality of leg supports that extend downwardly therefrom. The cross brace is a curved bar that enables a doily to be draped thereon in order to form an assembly. The leg supports include at least one leg located on opposing sides of the cross brace which extend downwardly and include a pointed in for insertion into potting soil or a pumpkin. The assembly is adorned along a front surface of the flowerpot in order to provide a decoration thereon, and may alternatively be employed along a front surface of a pumpkin.

Abstract: A device for growing plants on a substantially vertical surface includes a carrier and a flexible curtain wall substrate suspended from a track of the carrier. The curtain defines an array of pockets for receiving the plants to be grown and a growing medium, each of the pockets having an opening proximate a top end thereof. A water irrigation system is integrated into the flexible curtain and includes a water emitter for each of the pockets, the water irrigation system being one of connected to and connectable to a water supply. A control system includes moisture sensors connected in each respective pocket. The control system is adapted to activate the water emitters of the pockets.

Abstract: The present invention comprises (a) a substantially pot-shaped element, (b) an extensible or insertable handle which is also a retractable or removable handle located at or near the interior or inner side wall of said pot-shaped element, (c) a protective cover for protecting the handle or the location of such handle, and, optionally, (d) at least one rolling means or wheel assembly. Preferably, the protective cover of the present invention is a removable and replaceable cover which is placed over the extensible and retractable handle to prevent contamination of the location of the handle and its parts.

Abstract: An improved portable support bench frame is disclosed. The support bench frame disclosed herein provides for portability while simultaneously sustaining large weight loads on the bench. The support bench frame is also vertically adjustable to provide advantages during certain uses and to also lower the bench's center of gravity when needed. The lightweight nature of the frame makes it easier to transport and disassemble, while the modular nature of the apparatus allows components to be easily added or removed. The portable bench frame disclosed herein may be used in any field where a supporting frame might be necessary such as building, design, architecture, models, horticulture, or presentations.

Abstract: A wall mounted agricultural system that includes a mounting structure including a first end and a second end and supported from a substantially vertically extending wall surface, and at least one planter box that includes a plurality of sidewalls and a bottom wall that cooperate to form a compartment adapted to receive plant matter therein and an upwardly opening aperture adapted to receive a fluid therethrough, wherein at least one of the side walls comprises a rear wall facing the wall surface, the at least one planter box is adapted to mount to the mounting structure such that the rear wall is spaced from the wall surface to create a space therebetween, and wherein the at least one planter box includes an aperture in fluid communication with the compartment and the space positioned between the rear wall and the wall surface.

Abstract: A continuous loop plant growing system includes a channel having a moving floor, a growing medium contained in the channel, at least one plant, at least one light, and at least one chopper. The moving floor transports the growing medium around a continuous loop dividable into a planting zone, a growing zone, a harvesting zone, and a decomposing zone.

Abstract: A plant growth facilitating apparatus, for receiving and growing a plant, includes an accommodating body and a light emitting unit. The accommodating body defines an accommodating space for receiving the plant. The light emitting unit has a first LED set for emitting a red light in increasing the growth speed of the plant and a second LED set for emitting a blue light in promoting the photosynthesis of the plant. The wavelength range of the red light is 620-760 nanometer, and the wavelength range of the blue light is 360-480 nanometer. The light emitting unit is used for emitting light toward the accommodating space of the accommodating body, and the longest path of the light from the light emitting unit to the accommodating body is smaller than 1 meter.

Abstract: The present invention provides a versatile flower container includes a base, a top cover, a carrying container placing on the top of top cover and a sensing device placing in the base, the carrying container has a concave space can be used to accommodate the sponge, floral and water, the sensing device includes an electronic control panel, two humidity detection rod, a number of lamps and speakers, the two humidity detection rods are through the top cover and inserting into the sponge in the concave space, thereby they can detect the humidity values of the sponge, the lamps and the speaker can be activated to produce light and sound and then generate warning effect when the humidity values are not enough in the carrying container.

Abstract: A planter tray carriage includes a plurality of planter trays affixed to the carriage. The planter tray carriage can be operable in a plurality of states, wherein the states enable selective upright storage of the carriage or deployment of the carriage and the associated trays. The carriage includes the plurality of planter trays attached to the carriage such that the trays remain upright in each of the plurality of states.

Abstract: The invention relates to a growth container (1) comprising: a receptacle (2) with a bottom part (3) having a plant receiving area (4), and a light source (6) for providing light to the plant receiving area (4). In order to obtain conditions optimal for growth, the light source (6) is elongated and arranged centrally in the plant receiving area (4) for being surrounded by plants (5) in the plant receiving area, and for producing light (18) to the growth container (1) at a plurality of different heights (h) above the bottom part.

Abstract: A garden pot assembly comprising a pot having an open upper end and a separator tray snap-fitted into the open upper end of the pot. The separator tray has a plurality of spaced-apart plant pot receiving openings formed therein each of which are adapted to receive and support a plant pot therein. The bottom of the pot has a unique structure including a central hub and a plurality of radially extending stand-offs extending outwardly therefrom to the periphery of the bottom wall. The pot or container may be circular, oval, rectangular or square in shape.

Abstract: A display unit including a flowerpot or the like having a plant arrangement therein and a simulated flying insect which is rotated around the flowerpot or the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fabricated landscape architecture system that can simply form landscape architecture of a wall surface or the like. The fabricated landscape architecture system, includes a plurality of support plates (60), a plurality of cultivation boxes (10) and water supply pipes (30). The plurality of support plates (60) are arranged in one or more lines in a vertical or horizontal direction and include a plurality of fastening holes and pipe grooves (13). The plurality of cultivation boxes (10) are formed in the shape of a box of which one surface is open. A plurality of fastening protrusion (25) to be inserted into the fastening holes, pipe grooves (13) positioned so as to face the pipe grooves (13) of the support plates (60) and the assembly holes are formed on the bottom of the cultivation box (10).

Abstract: Aspects and embodiments of the present invention relate to devices, methods, and kits for use in horticultural containers. In accordance with some embodiments, a horticultural device comprising a base and a supporting plate may advantageously reduce the amount of soil required for potting. Aspects and embodiments of the present invention may facilitate potting and may reduce plant maintenance.

Abstract: A system and method for generating high-yield plant production is disclosed. The system includes a container, a growing station, and a monitoring system. The growing station includes vertical racks, a lighting system, an irrigation system, a climate control system, and a ventilation system. The monitoring system monitors all of the systems in the growing station, as well as the environment within the container, to provide real-time data and alerts to a user.

Abstract: A universal luminous flower pot base is disclosed, which comprises a base body, a luminous component and a power supply, wherein a flower pot tray and a luminous component mounting groove are arranged on the base body, the luminous component is mounted in the luminous component mounting groove of the base body, and the power supply is mounted on the base body and electrically connected with the luminous component. The flower pot base not only can obtain the positive effect of a luminous flower pot, but is also convenient for replacement and maintenance owing to strong universality, thus the flower pot base is applicable for wide use.