Abstract: The invention relates to a frame for a ball game racket comprising a handle region and a head region with a bridge, wherein a part of the head region and/or the handle region comprise(s) a carbon fiber composite material and wherein the bridge comprises magnesium and is formed as one part.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bridge for a ball game racket as well as to a frame for a ball game racket comprising a bridge.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a grommet strip for a racket for ball games, wherein the grommet strip comprises a longitudinal direction and a plurality of grommets 1 comprising grommet through-holes 2, wherein each of the grommets 1 defines a grommet axis A and each of the grommet through-holes 2 defines a hole axis B, wherein the grommet axes A and the hole axes B extend substantially parallel to each other and wherein the hole axes B of some grommets are offset with respect to the grommet axes A thereof in the longitudinal direction of the grommet strip.

Abstract: The racket includes a handle (2) and a frame (4) defined by an inner frame (40) and an outer frame (42), said frame further including shock-absorbing means (50) positioned between the peripheral outer surface of the inner frame and the peripheral inner surface of the outer frame. The frame further includes at least one fitting member (60) having an elongate body (62) and extending against the outer surface of the outer frame (42), and at least one tube (66) for passing a string yarn (10, 12), extending both in first openings (40?) formed in the inner frame and in second openings (42?) formed in the outer frame.

Abstract: A sports racquet with increased string vibration damping has grommets with elongated barrels. The barrels conform closely to the strings, are capable of absorbing vibration, and may be placed on the main strings, the cross strings, or both.

Abstract: A weighting device for use with a racket includes at least one frame strip, at least one weight, and at least one screw. The frame strip is adapted for being mounted on an outer circumference of a racket frame and has a dovetail groove extending along a longitudinal direction thereof, and a plurality of through holes provided at a bottom wall of the dovetail groove. The weight has a threaded through hole and is slidably engaged in the dovetail groove. The screw is threadedly engaged with the threaded through hole of the weight and provided with an end stoppable against the bottom wall of the dovetail groove for holding the weight stationarily. Therefore, the weight can be firmly positioned and the balance of a racket using the weighting device can be quickly adjusted by adjusting the position of the weight.

Abstract: A sports racket is provided that has a racket body with a racket head. The racket head has a frame that has substantially rectangular face shape with appropriately rounded corners. The frame has a string mounting positions in a predetermined arrangement on the four sides of the rectangular face shape. There are lockable grommets integrally disposed in the frame with each grommet at a different string mounting position. A string mounted to the racket head at the string mounting position forms individual strings of the main string portion and the cross string portion of the racket head. The lockable grommets can adjust tension of each individual string to control tension and thus vibration in the entire racket head.

Abstract: A ball game racket according to the present invention comprises a racket head and a racket shaft, wherein the racket head comprises a stringing having transverse strings and longitudinal strings each having a vibration length. The racket head comprises a means which reduces the vibration length of a plurality of strings on both sides of the stringing depending on the deflection of the strings. The means is attached as a separate part to the racket head.

Abstract: A tennis racket includes a frame that includes a shaft and a looped frame portion, the shaft having a grip formed on one end side thereof, the frame portion being joined to the other end side of the shaft and forming a hitting face with a string being strung across and a plurality of insertion holes that provide communication between an inner peripheral side surface and an outer peripheral side surface of the frame portion and through which the string is inserted. Shock absorbing portions and hard portions are provided in an alternating fashion on at least a part of the outer peripheral side surface of the frame portion. Each shock absorbing portion is formed between insertion holes that are adjacent to each other. Each hard portion is formed between insertion holes that are adjacent to each other and is less elastically deformable than the shock absorbing portion.

Abstract: A system and methods for creating a strong game racket using multiple inflation bladders. A strong game racket frame comprising a handle, a throat member coupled to the handle, a bridge portion coupled to the throat member and a head frame couple to the throat member. A method for creating a strong game racket comprising the acts of placing a pre-preg first bladder into a mold cavity shaped like a racket frame, placing various pre-formed members and/or secondary mold members into the cavity, and placing a second and/or third pre-preg bladder into the mold cavity above the first bladder and any pre-formed members and/or secondary mold members. After the mold is configured it is closed, pressurized, and heated so that the strong composite game racket can be cured.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, an article that generally consists of a silicone material in combination with a fastening member, such as an adhesive backing, is provided and configured for easy application to a surface, including those associated with a variety of racquet sports, sporting goods, etc. The combination of the silicone material with the fastening member is hereby referred to as a “silicone adhesive product” that, as described below, overcomes the deficiencies of conventional sports equipment accessories, protects the sports equipment, reduces vibration; and can offer the degree of customization desired by some sports participants.

Abstract: A sports racquet including a frame, at least one grommet assembly. The frame includes a head portion coupled to a handle portion. The head portion includes a hoop having inner and outer peripheral walls. At least a first set of concave recesses and channels are formed into the outer peripheral wall. The hoop includes first, second and third groups of string openings. The second and third groups of string openings are aligned with the first set of concave recesses. The second group of string openings extends through the outer peripheral wall at the first set of concave recesses. The grommet assembly engages the outer peripheral wall. The grommet assembly includes at least three pivotable elements interconnected by torque transmitting arms, each pivotable element including a string passage. The pivotable elements and the torque transmitting arms are pivotable about an axis parallel to a string bed plane.

Abstract: A sports racquet including a frame, at least one grommet assembly. The frame includes a head portion coupled to a handle portion. The head portion includes a hoop having inner and outer peripheral walls. At least a first set of concave recesses and channels are formed into the outer peripheral wall. The hoop includes first, second and third groups of string openings. The second and third groups of string openings are aligned with the first set of concave recesses. The second group of string openings extends through the outer peripheral wall at the first set of concave recesses. The grommet assembly engages the outer peripheral wall. The grommet assembly includes at least three pivotable elements interconnected by torque transmitting arms, each pivotable element including a string passage. The pivotable elements and the torque transmitting arms are pivotable about an axis parallel to a string bed plane.

Abstract: A tennis racket includes a frame that includes a shaft and a looped frame portion, the shaft having a grip formed on one end side thereof, the frame portion being joined to the other end side of the shaft and forming a hitting face with a string being strung across and a plurality of insertion holes that provide communication between an inner peripheral side surface and an outer peripheral side surface of the frame portion and through which the string is inserted. Shock absorbing portions and hard portions are provided in an alternating fashion on at least a part of the outer peripheral side surface of the frame portion. Each shock absorbing portion is formed between insertion holes that are adjacent to each other. Each hard portion is formed between insertion holes that are adjacent to each other and is less elastically deformable than the shock absorbing portion.

Abstract: A racket including a string-stretching part for forming a ball-hitting face by tensionally mounting strings in string holes, formed through the string-stretching part, in which grommets are mounted respectively. As the grommets, a double-tubular grommet is mounted in at least one of the string holes. The double-tubular grommet is formed as an integrally molded article, including an inner tubular portion having a string insertion hole through which the string is inserted with the string in contact with the string insertion hole and pulled from an inward-end open portion thereof or an outward-end open portion thereof; an outer tubular portion fitted in the string hole formed through the string-stretching part with the outer tubular portion spaced at a certain interval from the inner tubular portion; and a base portion integrally connected with an outward-side end of the inner tubular portion and that of the outer tubular portion and disposed on a peripheral surface of the string-stretching part.

Abstract: A removable grommet for attaching a string to an object, the grommet includes a barrel defining a central channel extending through a first section and a second section of the barrel, the first section being sized to allow the string, but not a knotted portion of the string, to pass through, and the second section being sized to allow the knotted portion of the string to pass through.

Abstract: A racket including a string-stretching part for forming a ball-hitting face by tensionally mounting strings in string holes, formed through the string-stretching part, in which grommets are mounted respectively. As the grommets, a double-tubular grommet is mounted in at least one of the string holes. The double-tubular grommet is formed as an integrally molded article, including an inner tubular portion having a string insertion hole through which the string is inserted with the string in contact with the string insertion hole and pulled from an inward-end open portion thereof or an outward-end open portion thereof; an outer tubular portion fitted in the string hole formed through the string-stretching part with the outer tubular portion spaced at a certain interval from the inner tubular portion; and a base portion integrally connected with an outward-side end of the inner tubular portion and that of the outer tubular portion and disposed on a peripheral surface of the string-stretching part.

Abstract: The sides of a sports racquet, and optionally the tip and throat bridge, include axially extending cutout portions. An insert member, having a plurality of string port holes and optionally conventional string holes, is seated in each cutout portion. The frame and insert member are preferably formed of different materials.

Abstract: A safety racket includes a head frame, a handle, a connecting portion, several nail members and a string. The head frame has a plurality of through holes. The connecting portion connects between the head frame and the handle. The nail members each have a head and at least one body extending along an axial direction from the head and inserted into the through hole. The body of the nail member has a distal end protruding from the through hole, and a lateral hole positioned at the distal end and extending along a direction substantially perpendicular to the axial direction. The string passes through the lateral hole and interweaved to form a net surface. Since the string is not exposed outside the head frame, the string is well protected to avoid damaging by external objects. The racket also has excellent shock-absorbing effect due to elastic material, such as rubber and plastic, adopted by the nail members.

Abstract: A sports racquet has a head including a frame defining a flat string area. The frame comprises a plurality of airflow openings in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the flat string area. A plurality of interwoven strings are attached to the flat strung area by going through a plurality of holes that are parallel to the plane of the flat string area, and the strings do not go through the airflow openings.

Abstract: A tennis racket having a racket frame defining a ball-hitting face, wherein if the upper part of the ball-hitting face is set as a 0-degree position, a string protection member is mounted on at least one portion of a head part of the racket frame in a range from a clockwise 45-degree position to a clockwise 135-degree position and in a range from a clockwise 225-degree position to a clockwise 315-degree position by interposing a viscoelastic member between the string protection member and the racket frame. The moment (Is) of inertia of the tennis racket in a swing direction is set to not less than 450,000 g/cm2 nor more than 490,000 g/cm2, when strings are not tensionally mounted thereon. The moment (Ic) of inertia of the tennis racket in a center direction is set to not less than 15,000 g/cm2 nor more than 19,000 g/cm2, when the strings are not tensionally mounted thereon.

Abstract: A bumper guard for attachment to a sports racquet. The sports racquet includes a frame having a head portion with an outer peripheral surface and a plurality of grommet holes formed into the head portion for supporting a string bed. The bumper guard includes an elongate body having a first length, an inner surface and an outer surface. The body includes a central region and first and second wings. The central region, when installed on the racquet, is generally centered about a plane defined by the string bed. The first and second wings extend from the central region. The inner surface of the body configured to generally conform with the peripheral outer surface of the head portion. Each of the first and second wings has an inner wall and an outer wall defining at least one elongate hollow cavity.

Abstract: A web having at least two types of weaves is provided. The construction of the web allows objects to be inserted into and through the web without detriment to the yarns of the web. The web is particularly useful for applications requiring the insertion of fasteners such as grommets into the web.

Abstract: A string guide system is disposed within the hollow stem of a sports racquet and guides the continuous string at least through a turn for redirecting the continuous string back out of the cavity and toward the string bed. The redirection defines shared ends of a pair of connected consecutive string segments. The string guide system disposes the string segments at predetermined lateral positions along the width at least at the turn. In a preferred embodiment the string guide system includes flexible tubes which dampen vibration and aid in stringing the racquet.

Abstract: A sports racquet including a frame, a yoke and a string bed. The frame includes a head portion, a handle portion, and a throat portion positioned between the head and handle portions. The head portion includes an upper region, and first and second side regions. The yoke is coupled to the first and second side regions. The head portion and the yoke define a string bed area. The string bed is formed of a number of cross and main string segments. The main string segments include at least one central main string segment and at least two peripheral main string segments. Each central main string segment has first and second ends wherein the first end engages the head portion and the second end engages the yoke. Each peripheral main string segment is coupled at a proximal end to at least one of the throat portion and the handle portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound material frame body without the need of drilling holes. A plurality of symmetric embedded tubes are clamped between two compound material pipe bodies. An outmost compound material layer sheathes the compound material pipe bodies and the embedded tubes with two openings of each of the embedded tubes being exposed. An integrally formed compound material frame body having through holes can immediately be obtained by blowing and heating in a mold. Because there is no need of drilling holes, the structure of the frame body will not be damaged. Moreover, the present invention can achieve the effects of simple manufacturing process, short manufacturing time, and reduced cost.

Abstract: This invention refers to a novel ballgame racket, especially a tennis racket, including a racket head formed by a tension frame with stringing, and also having a grip portion joining the tension frame, for example by means of a crossing and formed by a gripping shaft or a racket neck and a handle. The racket has a mechanism for tensioning the strings which includes a two part tension frame of the racket head. The frame has a closed hollow profile with a second wing like profile in touch with the closed profile with a damping element placed therebetween.

Abstract: A two-piece grommet assembly for a sports racquet. The sports racquet includes a frame having a plurality of grommet holes and at least one racquet string. The grommet assembly includes first and second grommet members. The first grommet member includes a first strip and at least two spaced-apart barrels extending generally perpendicular from the first strip. Each barrel includes a first string hole and is configured to extend through a separate grommet hole in the frame. The second grommet member includes a second strip and at least two spaced-apart pegs extending generally perpendicular from the second strip. Each peg has a second string hole. The second strip contacts the first strip, and the pegs extend into the barrels such that the first and second string holes are generally co-axially aligned. The first grommet member is configured to substantially isolate the pegs and the second strip from the frame.

Abstract: A racket has a main body, which has a head frame, an Y-shaped shaft, a handle, and a network, which string the head frame. Two elastic supporting devices dispose on the head frame. Each of the elastic supporting devices has an inner member, an outer member and at least one elastic member. The inner member has a base piece, which has two stick tubes and two inner engage tubes thereon. The outer member has a base piece, which has two through holes and two outer engage tubes thereon. The outer member slidably engages to the inner member by means of the outer engage tubes engaging to the outer engage tubes. The elastic members respectively dispose on the inner and the outer engage tubes for push the outer member away from the inner member. A string of the network insert into the stick tubes, the inner and the outer engage tubes and the through holes of the outer member for providing the network an extra elasticity.

Abstract: A racket includes a frame, at least one string and a particular portion The frame includes a handle portion and a head portion. The string is connected to the frame to provide a string tension. The particular portion is composed of a non-fluid material and disposed on the frame. The particular portion cooperates with the at least one string and is designed to reduce the string tension of the string upon a deflection of the string. The particular portion compresses when the string tension of the at least one string increases.

Abstract: A string fastener for a racket includes an annular U-shaped wall, a plurality of tubes spaced apart equidistantly on inner side of the U-shaped wall, and each tube has a string hole inserted therethrough and in a racket frame. The U-shaped wall is formed integral with the string fastener and the same number of string support members as the tubes are formed integral between the two vertical inner surfaces of the U-shaped wall for the strings to rest thereon after the strings are inserted through the tubes. Thus, the strings on the string support members are protected from cut off and the friction coefficient of the strings is greatly reduced.

Abstract: A racket includes a frame in which through-holes are made, shank carrying cleats including a pair of shanks which are engaged in the holes, and a stringing mounted on the frame by threading through the shank-carrying cleats, so as to produce a string pattern within the frame. The shank carrying cleats contact the frame between the through-holes. Each cleat has at least one bearing surface which is located between each pair of adjacent shanks and on which a stringing loop bears. At least some of the bearing surfaces include gaps located between the bearing surfaces and the frame.

Abstract: A game racket includes elongated main strings which extend through a slot in a yoke portion of the head. In one embodiment the lower ends of the main strings pass through string holes in a second throat bridge below the first throat bridge. In another embodiment the lower ends of the main strings pass through string holes in the arms of the throat of the racket.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved racquet and a method of stringing a racquet wherein the racquet includes grommets that are divided into visually differentiated groups in order to make stringing the racquet quicker and easier. According to one embodiment, the grommets are visually differentiated by color, while in another embodiment, the grommets are visually differentiated by shape.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an method and apparatus for springing sporting racquets to maintain differential tensions between racquet strings within the racquet, so that it is possible to provide racquets having predetermined properties of elastic quality. To maintain differential tensions between the strings, the strings are tensioned against frictional surface, with may be a high frictional surface such as a grommet strip, corner of a racquet string hole, or a pad of high friction material extending about the outer surface of the racquet.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved racquet and a method of stringing a racquet wherein the racquet includes grommets that are divided into visually differentiated groups in order to make stringing the racquet quicker and easier. According to one embodiment, the grommets are visually differentiated by color, while in another embodiment, the grommets are visually differentiated by shape.

Abstract: A sports racquet has a head frame that includes a support member and an inwardly directed alignment member or fin. String segments are strung from a central strung area through respective holes in the fin, around the support member and back through further holes in the fin. The present invention provides a strong anchor for the strings which can withstand the static load thereof as well as dynamic loading placed on it by striking gamepieces as well as striking other objects. In a preferred embodiment, the fin returns the string segments to a strung area that is substantially planar up to the inner periphery of the fin.

Abstract: A game racquet includes a frame having an elongated shaft which provides a handle and a hoop-shaped head which supports a generally planar string bed. The head includes a lower portion attached to the shaft, a pair of opposed side portions, and an upper portion. Each of the side portions and the upper portion has a hollow tubular cross section having an outer wall and an inner wall. The inner wall of each of the side and upper portions is provided with a plurality of elongated slots which extend perpendicularly to the plane of the strings, and each of the outer walls is provided with a plurality of circular openings which are aligned with the slots and which lie in the plane of the strings. A grommet strip extends along each of the side portions of the head, and a bumper strip extends along the upper portion of the head.

Abstract: A method of stringing a racquet includes independently tensioning a plurality of strings in the racquet and maintaining the independent tensioning. Individual strings are held and their tensioning maintained using cleats and grommets. In this fashion, the elastic properties of the shorter strings may be matched to that of the longer strings, giving a larger sweet spot. The strings may be manufactured as a pre-woven mesh.

Abstract: A grommet member for use with a sports racquet comprises a grommet strip from which a plurality of hollow grommet pegs project for receiving racquet strings. The strip additionally includes at least grommet having at least two holes for receiving a pair of strings. Preferably, such grommet is either a multi-hole grommet or a triple hole grommet. The holes of the multi-hole grommet may be disposed on opposite sides of the grommet strip axis or alternately along the axis. In one embodiment, the multi-hole grommet includes a notch extending from its distal end partially towards said grommet strip to divide the end of the grommet into a pair of separate barrels, each barrel containing one of the two string holes Multi-hole grommets can be used to replace the shared grommet hole presently used on some sports racquets, in which the hole receives two racquet strings, i.e., either a cross-string and main string, or a main or cross-string and a tie-off string end.

Abstract: A sports racquet includes grommet members anchoring the strings in at least the central regions of the string bed which include grommet pegs which have grommet holes that, in cross-section, are elongated in a direction perpendicular to the string bed, and preferably include notches at their distal end. The slotted grommets and notches allow the strings to deflect, in a direction perpendicular to the string bed, upon ball impact. The strings are anchored only outside of the frame proper, and their effective string length is thus substantially increased. Preferably, the grommet members include a concave lip to act as a string guide, adjacent the grommet hole entrance to prevent string movement as it enters the slot. Preferably, the sidewalls of the grommet holes are spaced slightly farther apart than the width of the string so that the string can deflect freely upon ball impact with the string bed. The string hugs one of sidewalls, however, so that vibrations are damped after the ball has left the string bed.

Abstract: A bumper strip assembly for sports racquets comprises a bumper strip portion, which may be a conventional bumper strip, and preferably a pair of polymeric felt or urethane foam strips. The cushion strips preferably have a density in the range of 0.35-0.60 g/cc and a hardness in the range of 50-60 Shore A durometer, and are disposed between the bumper strip flanges and the outer surface of the racquet frame. The cushioning strips are very lightweight, having a combined weight on the order of 3 grams, yet are extremely effective in protecting the frame from damage due to impact with a hard court surface.

Abstract: In a tennis racket with a frame (1) forming the striking head and a tensioning system consisting of crossed strings, where the strings (7) are secured by being passed through apertures in a frame component (2) and a component supported by the frame component (2), and where at least one securing device for at least one string (7) is designed in such a way that the string (7) can move on the inside of the frame in a direction perpendicular to the tension plane formed by the tensioning system, at least one dimensionally stable component (10) surrounding the movable string (7) like a sleeve can move to a limited extent in relation to the frame section (2) radially to the longitudinal axis of the string (7) and is supported on a body (12) which is arranged in a recess in the frame section (2) and is made of an elastomeric material which can be deformed by a movement of the component (10).

Abstract: The sports racquet of the present invention utilizes a series of interlocking string clamping assemblies which are adapted to be received within a corresponding series of passageways formed in the surrounding frame structure of the racquet, and wherein each clamping assembly is adapted to receive and grip a length of playing string which passes therethrough. The clamping assembly is generally comprised of a gripping wedge member and a clamping member, wherein the gripping wedge includes a fastener which secures the wedge to the racquet frame structure prior to application of the clamping member. With the gripping wedge member so positioned and secured within the frame structure, the clamping member is inserted between the wedge and the frame passageway, thereby causing the wedge member to engage and grip the adjacently disposed segment of playing string.

Abstract: A racket is provided such as that used in the game of tennis, racquetball, squash, badminton and the like. The racket has a frame head that defines the periphery of a generally oblong shaped area. A plurality of apertures are periodically disposed along the frame head. In one embodiment, a plurality of set screws are disposed in the frame head. Each of the set screws intersects a separate one of the apertures and selectively obstructs that aperture depending upon the tightened condition of the set screws. In an alternate embodiment, a separate structure is provided that surrounds the head frame. The separate structure contains apertures and set screws that intersect the apertures. The opposing ends of individual strings are fed through apertures on opposite sides of the head frame. The string is tensioned to a predetermined value. Once at the desired tension, the set screws are used to engage the string and retain it in place at the set tension.

Abstract: A game racket has a head frame consisting of a string protective strip and a shock-absorbing strip. The string protective strip is provided with a plurality of string protective jackets tubular in shape and having an axial through hole. The string protective strip is secured to a recessed portion of the outer wall of the head frame such that the string protective jackets are received in the string holes of the head frame. The shock-absorbing strip is provided with a plurality of shock-absorbing bodies each having a fitting portion, a shock-absorbing portion and a through hole for accommodating the string. The shock-absorbing strip is secured to a recess of the string protective strip such that shock-absorbing bodies are fitted into the axial through holes of the string protective jackets, and that the shock-absorbing portions of the shock-absorbing bodies are exposed from the free ends of the string protective jackets.

Abstract: A mechanism for adjusting string tension of stringed rackets allows for increasing the tension of the racket strings without having to release the racket strings, without destabilizing the racket and without costly or troublesome aids. The tensioning mechanism includes an abutment piece and a tensioning piece. Strings of the racket pass through both pieces. The tensioning piece is lockable in varying positions to increase string tension. When the racket is strung, the mechanism can be arranged in a position of least tension. In that case, if the string tension declines, the tightening mechanism can be adjusted to a position of the next highest racket tension. Alternatively, the mechanism can be initially set to a medium tension setting and subsequently adjusted as appropriate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a game racquet with employs a hitting area composed of a longitudinal and a lateral string. Specifically, the present invention is directed to such a racquet with a frame that allows for centrally disposed longitudinal string segments of an extended length. These centrally disposed longitudinal segments extend through enlarged apertures within a primary yoke, or throat bridge, and are anchored through a secondary yoke, or throat bridge. Thus, the game racquet of the present invention includes a plurality of longitudinal segments with the center most segments having a length greater than that of the adjacent lengths. Such a construction gives the string bed increased resiliency without increasing the string bed area.

Abstract: A jamming cleat having a groove 156 for receiving a flexible elongate element 180, said groove being defined between opposed side walls 158 each of which is provided with a plurality of ridges 170 for gripping such an elongate element received in the groove, said ridges being inclined with respect to a base 162 of the groove in an axial direction of the groove away from an end 172 of said groove base, the ridge of each side wall disposed furthest from said end 172, the rear most ridge, having a distal end 174 disposed further from said groove base 162 than the respective distal end 176, 178 of the other ridges of the respective side wall. The arrangement of the ridges 170 is such that a flexible elongate element inserted therebetween in a generally lateral direction of the groove towards an end 173 of the groove base is first received at least between the rearmost ridges.

Abstract: A tennis racquet has string holes which lie alternately on opposite sides of the center plane completely around the racquet head. Except in the corners, the cross string holes, and the upper main strings holes, are located at a constant offset distance of 4.5 millimeters (mm) away from the center plane of the frame. The corner string holes and remaining lower main string holes, which mainly lie in the throat bridge, all have a constant reduced stagger of 2 mm.