Abstract: A gear unit has a differential that comprises two planetary gearsets, a first gearset element of the first planetary gearset is connected to an input shaft and a second gearset element of the first planetary gearset is connected to a first output shaft. A third gearset element of the second planetary gearset is connected to a second output shaft. A first output torque is transmittable to the first output shaft by the first planetary gearset. A reaction torque of the first planetary gearset is transmittable to the second output shaft. Between the first output shaft and second output shaft is an actuation mechanism having a first friction partner and a second friction partner. The friction partners generate a connection between the two output shafts when the actuation mechanism is actuated.

Abstract: A differential locking mechanism including a differential mechanism and a locking mechanism. The differential mechanism includes a driven gear, a shell, two half shafts, two half-shaft gears and a planetary gear set, planetary gear shafts. The locking mechanism includes a sleeve, a third gear, a toothed sleeve, a shifting fork and a fixing piece. An end of the first planetary gear shaft, facing outside of the shell, is fixedly provided with the third gear. An end of the shell is fixedly provided with the sleeve; a side of the sleeve close to the shell is sleeved with a fourth gear rotationally connected with the sleeve; one end of the fourth gear is fixedly provided with a fifth gear rotationally connected with the sleeve; a side of the sleeve away from the shell is provided with a longitudinal tooth groove; the toothed sleeve is sleeved on the sleeve.

Abstract: Systems for a differential are provided. The differential includes two sets of pinion gears with an asymmetric split tooth profile. A case of the differential includes a plurality of lubrication ports which open adjacent to untoothed sections of one set of pinion gears and in a drive mode and an outboard axial load is exerted on the corresponding set of pinion gears.

Abstract: Example systems, apparatuses and methods are disclosed for gear reduction. An example system comprises a second gear configured to be disposed in mesh with a first gear coupled to an input shaft. The system further comprises a carrier housing configured to be fixably disposed within the second gear. The system further comprises a third gear configured to be disposed within the carrier housing; a fourth gear configured to be disposed in mesh with the third gear, wherein the third gear is further configured to rotate about the fourth gear; an anti-backlash gear coupled to the fourth gear and configured to be disposed in mesh with the third gear; and a fifth gear configured to be disposed in mesh with the third gear. The second gear, the fourth gear, the anti-backlash gear, and the fifth gear are configured to be disposed along a common axis of rotation.

Abstract: A transmission device for a motor vehicle, having an input shaft, which is operatively connectable to a drive device of the motor vehicle, and a first output shaft and a second output shaft, and comprising a spur gear differential transmission which is designed as a planetary transmission, by means of which the input shaft is coupled to the first output shaft and the second output shaft. It is provided that the spur gear differential transmission comprises a first sun gear coupled to the first output shaft and a second sun gear coupled to the second output shaft, wherein the first sun gear meshes with a first planet gear which is rotatably mounted on a planet gear carrier coupled to the input shaft, which first planet gear also meshes with a second planet gear which is likewise rotatably mounted on the planet gear carrier and which meshes with the second sun gear.

Abstract: An exemplary differential apparatus for a vehicle includes: a compound planetary gear set and a planet carrier. In particular, the compound planetary gear set is formed as a combination of first and second planetary gear sets, the first planetary gear set is formed as a single pinion planetary gear set having a first sun gear and a plurality of first pinion gears, and the second planetary gear set is formed as a double pinion planetary gear having a second sun gear disposed coaxially and in parallel with the first sun gear, the plurality of first pinion gears shared with the first planetary gear set, and a plurality of second pinion gears. The planet carrier has an exterior circumference connected to an external gear and is connected to first and second pinion shafts that rotatably support the first and second pinion gears of the second planetary gear set.

Abstract: A parallel axis gear configuration constructed in accordance to one example of the present disclosure can include a first gear having a first gear tooth that includes a lead crowning across a face width thereof. The lead crowning can include (i) a first lead crown defined from a centerline to a transition point and (ii) a second lead crown defined from the transition point to a first end point. The lead crowning can include a drop-off magnitude that is greater at the second lead crown than the first lead crown.

Abstract: Described is a planet carrier rotatable about a carrier axis, comprising: a planet pin for receiving a planet gear, the planet pin having a body with an external surface for receiving a planet gear bearing or planet gear; a carrier having a first axial wall and a second axial wall with the planet pin extending there between along a planet pin axis, wherein each carrier wall includes a planet pin retention feature located on radially inwards of the planet pin axis and engaged with a portion of the planet pin.

Abstract: A differential, a power transmission system, and a vehicle are provided. The differential includes: a first planetary carrier, a first gear ring, and a first planetary gear disposed on the first planetary carrier and meshed with the first gear ring; and a second planetary carrier, a second gear ring, and a second planetary gear disposed on the second planetary carrier and meshed with the second gear ring and the first planetary gear, in which the first gear ring and the second gear ring are configured as two power output ends of the differential, the first planetary carrier and the second planetary carrier are configured as power input ends of the differential, and a revolution radius of the first planetary gear is different from a revolution radius of the second planetary gear.

Abstract: A variety of scissors gear assemblies are disclosed that utilize integral parts or common tools to align teeth of the scissors gear assembly. Methods of use are also disclosed.

Abstract: A gear unit combination including a differential transmission, a planetary gear stage, a common planet carrier, a plurality of planet sub-carriers arranged to have at least one external planet sub-carrier and to form the common planet carrier in a rotationally fixed manner, a bearing sleeve arranged within the at least one external planet sub-carrier, and at least one spur gear, wherein the bearing sleeve is arranged to radially position the at least one spur gear.

Abstract: A gear unit combination including a differential transmission, a planetary gear stage, a common planet carrier, a plurality of planet sub-carriers arranged to have at least one external planet sub-carrier and to form the common planet carrier in a rotationally fixed manner, a bearing sleeve arranged within the at least one external planet sub-carrier, and at least one spur gear, wherein the bearing sleeve is arranged to radially position the at least one spur gear.

Abstract: A planetary gear system having at least two planetary steps, each of which is made up of at least one set of planets and one sun, whereby the teeth of the gearwheels in the planetary drive mesh with each other in such a way that, in each of the meshing points, at least one first tooth on a first toothing of first teeth positively engages into a tooth gap of a second toothing of second teeth. First teeth of the first toothing have a tooth flank profile concavely arched, and second teeth of the second toothing have a tooth flank profile convexly arched, so that the tooth flanks in contact with each other are arched in the same directions, at least when in contact.

Abstract: A torque vectoring differential includes a pair of planetary gear assemblies having a common planet gear carrier which is driven from the output of a transmission. Each of the planetary gear assemblies include a ring gear that may be individually and selectively grounded (braked) to a stationary housing by a friction brake and a sun gear that is coupled through an axle to a respective drive wheel. Selective activation of the brakes controls the distribution, i.e., vectoring, of torque to each of the drive wheels. Each planetary gear assembly includes elongated planet gears which mesh not only with their respective sun and ring gears but also with the planet gears of the other planetary gear assembly.

Abstract: A differential (1; 20; 30) having a planet carrier (2; 14; 25), a first set of planet gears (3?; 17?; 26?), a second set of planet gears (4?; 18?; 27?), a first sun gear (5; 19; 28), a second sun gear (6; 21; 29), and a drive input wheel (8; 15; 31). An imaginary circle that is concentric to the central axis and on which the planet gears of one of the planet gear sets arranged radially farthest from the central axis has a diameter (D) that corresponds to at least two-times and at most 6.5-times a tooth width (S) of a widest tooth of the planet gears.

Abstract: A vehicle driving system includes, a first drive shaft and a second drive shaft; a differential mechanism; a drive input member which inputs a power from a driving power source to the differential mechanism; and a fastening member that fastens the differential mechanism and the drive input member together, wherein the differential mechanism includes: a first sun gear; a second sun gear; a first pinion gear; a second pinion gear that is engaged to the second sun gear and the first pinion gear; and a carrier that is fastened to the drive input member and rotatably supports the first pinion gear and the second pinion gear; and, wherein a spline joint portion that causes the carrier and the drive input member to be fitted in a spline manner is provided at an outer peripheral end portion of the carrier and an inner peripheral end portion of the drive input member.

Abstract: A spur gear differential (1) having a first sun (3) and a second sun (5), wherein the first sun (3) is associated with a first set of planetary gears (7) and the second sun (5) is associated with a second set of planetary gears (9), and the first set of planetary gears (7) engages with the second set of planetary gears (9). The number of teeth (11) of the first sun (3) are equal to the number of teeth (12) of the second sun (5), and the teeth (11) of the first sun (3) are disposed by a profile shift on a crown circle (2) having a crown circle diameter (DK1) that differs from the crown circle diameter (DK2) of a crown circle on which the teeth (12) of the second sun (5) are disposed. The first set of planetary gears (7) engages only with the first sun (3) and the second set of planetary gears (9) engages only with the second sun (5).

Abstract: A differential includes a side gear comprising a helical face gear; a helical pinion configured for meshing engagement with the side gear; a pinion housing configured to house the helical pinion; and a first support member configured to support the helical pinion. The side gear rotates around a differential axis. The helical pinion has a first end and a second end opposing the first end. The pinion housing comprises a generally annular ring and includes an outer radial surface; an inner radial surface; and an aperture extending radially inwardly from the outer radial surface. The first support member is disposed radially inwardly relative to the inner radial surface of the pinion housing. In some embodiments, the differential further includes a second support member configured to support the helical pinion. The second support member is disposed radially outwardly relative to the outer radial surface of the pinion housing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a spur gear differential (66) comprising a housing (68) that is embodied as a sum wheel (50) and that rotates around a longitudinal rotational axis (4), at least three planet gears (21, 22) disposed on the periphery at a distance in relation to each other around the rotational axis (4), and a drive wheel (67) at the housing (68), with the housing (68) comprised of at least two housing sections (75) fixed to each other, each of the planet gears (21, 22) mounted longitudinally on both sides in the housing sections (75), at least one of the housing sections (75) formed in the shape of a pot, with the housing section (75) formed from a pot (76) having a base (65) arranged on the front side of the housing, a wall starting from the base (65) and extending around the rotational axis (4).

Abstract: A limited slip differential includes a driving plate, backing plates, differential gear assemblies, and a transmission assembly engaged together inside a sealed casing where fluid is pumped. The driving plate has pairs of communicated openings for interlocking two gears of each gear assembly, which extend by opposite directions from the driving plate for separately engaging with the transmission assembly. While synchronously rotating the plates, the gear assemblies are alternatively soaked into the fluid and each permits the fluid passing among the gears for adjusting the rotational speed. In the event that the rotational speed difference of axle shafts of the vehicle exceeds a threshold value, the LSD applies at least one gear assembly to generate a back pressure and efficiently block the fluid passing through the gears for limiting mutual rotational speed difference, hence achieving a limited-slip effect.

Abstract: A gear train is provided that includes at least one side gear comprising a helical face gear and a plurality of helical pinions in meshing engagement with the helical face gear. The gear train may further include an absorber configured to provide an axial force on at least one of the plurality of helical pinions. A differential may also be provided including a differential case and a gear train disposed in the differential case. The gear train includes at least one side gear comprising a helical face gear and a plurality of helical pinions in meshing engagement with the helical face gear. The gear train in the differential may further include a means for providing an axial force on at least one of the plurality of helical pinions.

Abstract: A differential limiting apparatus includes a housing 2 rotated by driving force of a driving source, a differential mechanism 3 having a pair of output gears 3A, 3B to distribute the driving force to a pair of output shafts differentially, a clutch 4 disposed directly between the pair of output gears 3A, 3B and having the inner clutch plate 4A and an outer clutch plate 4B as an annular frictional plate to restrict a differential movement of the differential mechanism 3, and an output mechanism 5 driving the clutch 4. The output mechanism 5 includes a first cam 52C moved along an axial direction, and a pushing pin 35 as a transmitting member transmitting the axial movement of said first cam 52C to the clutch 4.

Abstract: A differential assembly for a vehicle includes a differential casing rotatable about an axis. The differential casing defines a cavity. A pair of side gears is disposed within the differential casing cavity. First and second pairs of pinion gears are rotatably positioned in the cavity in driving engagement with the side gears. A thrust block has circumferentially spaced apart recesses. Rotation of the thrust block is restricted by the first and second pairs of pinion gears being in communication with the recesses. A spring biases the thrust block into engagement with one of the side gears.

Abstract: The invention relates to a spur gear differential (66) comprising a housing (68) that is embodied as a sum wheel (50) and that rotates around a longitudinal rotational axis (4), at least three planet gears (21, 22) disposed on the periphery at a distance in relation to each other around the rotational axis (4), and a drive wheel (67) at the housing (68), with the housing (68) comprised of at least two housing sections (75) fixed to each other, each of the planet gears (21, 22) mounted longitudinally on both sides in the housing sections (75), at least one of the housing sections (75) formed in the shape of a pot, with the housing section (75) formed from a pot (76) having a base (65) arranged on the front side of the housing, a wall starting from the base (65) and extending around the rotational axis (4)

Abstract: A differential assembly for a vehicle includes a differential casing rotatable about an axis. The differential casing defines a cavity. A pair of side gears is disposed within the differential casing cavity. First and second pairs of pinion gears are rotatably positioned in the cavity in driving engagement with the side gears. A thrust block has circumferentially spaced apart recesses. Rotation of the thrust block is restricted by the first and second pairs of pinion gears being in communication with the recesses. A spring biases the thrust block into engagement with one of the side gears.

Abstract: A vehicle planetary gear device includes a ring gear, a sun gear, and a carrier, and pinions housed in the carrier. A penetration hole formed in a hollow cylindrical portion of the carrier has two inner wall surfaces that face an outer peripheral surface of a pinion. One of the inner wall surfaces has a curvature radius larger than the radius of the pinion, and has a curvature center that is apart from the radius center of the pinion gear. The pinion is disposed with respect to the carrier with a predetermined space formed between the one of the inner wall surfaces and the outer peripheral surface of the pinion, and thereby slides along a radial direction of the carrier.

Abstract: A differential device is provided with a case rotatable about an axis; an input member configured to receive the torque from the input shaft, the input member being housed in the case and including an engaging outer periphery drivingly engaged with the case; first and second output gears configured to respectively drivingly link with the output shafts, the first and second output gears being rotatably housed in the case to form a row with the input member along the axis; one or more first pinions being rotatably housed in the case in parallel with the axis and meshing with the first output gear, the first pinions having no overlap with the engaging outer periphery of the input member and the second output gears; and one or more second pinions being rotatably housed in the case in parallel with the axis and meshing with the second output gears and the first pinions, the second pinions extending beyond the input member to reach the first pinions.

Abstract: An axle assembly that includes a differential case which is rotatable about an axis, a pair of side gears that are disposed within the differential case, a spacer ring and a cross pin. The spacer ring is disposed between the side gears. The cross pin is fixed to one of the differential case and the spacer ring and extends through the spacer ring. The aperture in the spacer that receives the cross pin may be larger than the cross pin so that the spacer ring can control end play of the side gears independently of the cross pin.

Abstract: A differential gear train for a wheeled vehicle includes a first housing, a first cover, a second housing, a second cover, a plurality of pinions, a first sun gear, and a second sun gear. Thus, the first sun gear drives the second sun gear by provision of the pinions at different positions so that the second propeller shaft in the second sun gear is directly driven by the first propeller shaft in the first sun gear by transmission of the first sun gear, the second sun gear and the pinions to perform a direct transmission exactly without incurring deflection, thereby enhancing the precision of transmission.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a differential apparatus for a vehicle with a gear obtaining a sufficient mechanical strength against any torsion torque and preventing from being large and heavy as a whole and preventing from making a high manufacturing cost. The differential apparatus for the vehicle with the gear comprises a pair of output gears 3, 4, a first pinion gear 5 intermeshing with one of output pinion gears 3, 4 with a parallel gear axis to the first pinion gear 5, a second pinion gear 6 intermeshing with both of the other of output pinion gears 3, 4 and the first pinion gear 5 with parallel gear axes to the second pinion gear 6 respectively, and a differential case 2 accommodating the pair of output gears 3, 4, the first pinion gear 5 and the second pinion gear 6.

Abstract: A torque distribution-controlling apparatus, by which a torque from a driving power source is distributed to vehicle right and left wheels via right and left axles, includes a differential having a first torque transmitting system and a second torque transmitting system, the first torque-transmitting system which transmits the torque from the driving power source to the vehicle right and left axles, and allows differentiation between these right and left axles, and the second torque-transmitting system which is structured to be symmetric to the first torque-transmitting system, transmits the torque from the driving power source to the right and left axles, and allows differentiation between these right and left axles; a left clutch controlling transmission of the torque from the first torque-transmitting system to the left axle; and a right clutch controlling transmission of the torque from the second torque-transmitting system to the right axle.

Abstract: A differential gear train for a wheeled vehicle includes a first housing, a first cover, a second housing, a second cover, a plurality of pinions, a first sun gear, and a second sun gear. Thus, the first sun gear drives the second sun gear by provision of the pinions at different positions so that the second propeller shaft in the second sun gear is directly driven by the first propeller shaft in the first sun gear by transmission of the first sun gear, the second sun gear and the pinions to perform a direct transmission exactly without incurring deflection, thereby enhancing the precision of transmission.

Abstract: A differential device for differentially distributing a driving force to axles along an axis is disclosed. The differential device has a case being capable of rotation about the axis, which includes a flange configured to receive the driving force and a shaft crossing the case perpendicularly to the axis; an opening defined by a peripheral border on an outer periphery of the case so as to allow access into the case, lateral extremities of which is deviated from a center of the shaft toward a direction opposite to the flange along the axis; and a differential gear set housed in and drivingly coupled to the case, the differential gear set including an input gear rotatable around the shaft and output gears so combined with the input gear as to differentially distribute the driving force to the output gears, the output gears being drivingly coupled to the axles.

Abstract: A differential device is provided with a case rotatable about an axis; an input member configured to receive the torque from the input shaft, the input member being housed in the case and including an engaging outer periphery drivingly engaged with the case; first and second output gears configured to respectively drivingly link with the output shafts, the first and second output gears being rotatably housed in the case to form a row with the input member along the axis; one or more first pinions being rotatably housed in the case in parallel with the axis and meshing with the first output gear, the first pinions having no overlap with the engaging outer periphery of the input member and the second output gears; and one or more second pinions being rotatably housed in the case in parallel with the axis and meshing with the second output gears and the first pinions, the second pinions extending beyond the input member to reach the first pinions.

Abstract: An axle assembly that includes a differential casing, which is rotatable about an axis, a pair of side gears that are disposed within the differential casing, a spacer and a cross pin. The spacer is disposed between the side gears. The cross pin is fixed to the differential casing and extends through the spacer. The cross pin is employed to limit end play of the axle shafts in a direction toward one another. The aperture in the spacer that receives the cross pin is relatively larger than the cross pin so that the spacer can control end play of the side gears independently of the cross pin.

Abstract: An axle assembly that includes a differential casing, which is rotatable about an axis, a pair of side gears that are disposed within the differential casing, a spacer and a cross pin. The spacer is disposed between the side gears. The cross pin is fixed to the differential casing and extends through the spacer. The cross pin is employed to limit end play of the axle shafts in a direction toward one another. The aperture in the spacer that receives the cross pin is relatively larger than the cross pin so that the spacer can control end play of the side gears independently of the cross pin.

Abstract: A differential device includes a main flywheel, a main shaft integrated with the main central gear, prime train of planet gears, secondary train of planet gears, secondary shaft integrated with the secondary central gear, and a fixing plate. This improved device can resolve problems of current bevel gear-driven differential devices and improve dramatically the drive force and stability of the differential device.

Abstract: A differential apparatus having a limited slip differential mechanism which comprises a differential case, a pair of side gears housed in the differential case and connected to driving shafts, and pinion gears meshing with the pair of side gears. One of the tooth surfaces of each tooth of the side gears and the pinion gears has a large pressure angle and the other surface has a small pressure angle, such that meshing reaction forces Dr in a drive mode is larger than that of Co in a coast mode to obtain different limiting forces.

Abstract: A differential assembly that includes a differential casing, which is rotatable about an axis, and a pair of side gears that are disposed within the differential casing. First, second, third and fourth pairs of pinion bores are formed in the differential casing and pairs of pinion gears are slidably and rotatably disposed in a respective pair of the pinion bores. A window opening is formed in the differential casing between the first and fourth pair of pinion gears. The second pair of pinion bores are radially offset an equivalent distance from the first and third pair of pinion bores. The differential assembly incorporates a cross pin configured to limit inward movement of a pair of axle shafts and a spacer that limits inward movement of the side gears.

Abstract: A differential gear system for a vehicle includes a casing having two sun gears connected to half shafts for the vehicle's wheels, and two sets of planetary differential pinions surrounding the sun gears. Each set of differential pinions is in meshing engagement with one of the sun gears, and the two sets are also in meshing engagement with one another. Each pinion of one set is engaged with two adjacent pinioins of the other set, all of the pinions collectively arranged in a circle surrounding the axis of the sun gears. Each pinion is enclosed in a pocket in the casing, the pockets intersecting to allow engagement of the pinions with one another. Each pocket also encloses a pressure pad, a spring, and a pressure washer on the axial outer end of the enclosed pinion. The springs bias the pressure pads against the pinions to provide frictional resistance against differential action.

Abstract: A limited slip differential having a carrier with a plurality of recesses disposed symmetrically relative to a gear opening. The gear opening having a gear diameter, and each of the plurality of recesses having a recess diameter. The gear diameter intersecting the recess diameter of each of the plurality of recesses at corresponding first and second intersections, an acute angle between a line tangent to the recess diameter at the first intersection and a tangent line of the recess diameter along which first and second chamfers extend is between approximately 30 degrees and approximately 32 degrees.

Abstract: A full-time all-wheel drive system for a motor vehicle equipped with a transversely mounted engine and transaxle includes a power take-off unit. The power take-off unit includes an interaxle differential which drives a first power path connected to the front wheels and a second power path connected to the rear wheels. The first power path includes a planetary final drive unit which drives a double planetary front differential unit that is interconnected to a pair of front axleshafts. The second power path includes a helical gearset and a bevel gearset which deliver power to a rear propshaft.

Abstract: A limited slip differential comprising a casing containing a fluid medium, the casing rotatably driven along an axis by an input member; a plurality of opposing pinions therein the casing that are immersed in the casing fluid medium, having substantially parallel rotational axes, the opposing pinions meshing one with the other circumferentially at medial portions of the meshing opposing pinions; the pinions having partitions therebetween lateral and said medial portions of each of the opposing pinions; opposing driven gears, immersed in the casing fluid medium, the opposing driven gears meshing with a plurality of the lateral portions; the opposing driven gears having output shafts adjoined thereto; the casing having opposing holes therethrough, the opposing output shafts rotatably mounted therethrough; and seals adapted to retain said fluid medium therein said casing.

Abstract: In a differential drive having one differential carrier rotating in a housing, two side shaft gears are arranged coaxially relative to said differential carrier, and two sets of differential gears are supported in the differential carrier and rotate therewith and each engage one of the side shaft gears. The side shaft gears are crown gears and the differential gears form two sets of straight pinions which rotate on radial journals in the differential carrier, with the pinions of the two sets directly engaging one another in pairs so that, when the differential carrier is stationary, the side shaft gears (20, 21) are able to rotate in identical directions.

Abstract: A helical gear type limited slip differential (LSD), the LSD comprising a differential gear case integrally connected to a ring gear rotated by power output from a transmission, a side gear splined to drive shafts inserted into both sides of the differential gear case to transmit power to the drive shafts, and a plurality of pinion gears meshed to external sides of the side gear via helical gear for maintaining a parallel position with the drive shafts, wherein each pinion gear is unsymmetrically arranged within the differential gear case, such that only pinion gears mounted within the differential gear case are structurally changed in arrangement thereof to improve torque bias ratio for determining a differential limiting function without altering the overall structural elements, thereby enabling to apply same even to off-road vehicles.

Abstract: A differential casing is provided which is rotatable about an axis. The differential casing is generally cylindrically shaped and defines a first end surface and a second end surface. A pair of side gears is disposed within the differential casing and is individually rotatable about the axis. At least one pair of pinion bores are also formed in the differential casing and extend substantially through the second end surface of the differential casing. Pinion gears are slidably and rotatably disposed in the pinion bores for transmitting power from the engine to the pair of side gears. The pinion gears have rotational axes that are fixed in relation to the differential casing and are engaged with the pair of side gears. Each pair of pinion gears further include a mutually meshing portion, which extends beyond the second end surface of the differential casing.

Abstract: A limited slip differential having a carrier with a plurality of recesses disposed therein about a rotation axis thereof, each recess having an open side portion with generally opposite first and second edges substantially parallel to the rotation axis, a chamfer disposed along each of the first and second edges, and a planetary gear disposed in each of the plurality of carrier recesses having a portion protruding from the open side portion thereof.

Abstract: Paired planetary gears 3A, 3B are each provided on one end thereof with a long gear portion 31, on the other end with a short gear portion 32, and a neck portion 33 between the long gear portion 31 and the short gear portion 32. The long gear portion 31 of the planetary gear 3A is in engagement with the short gear portion 32 of the other planetary gear 3B at an inner gear portion 31b and with a gear portion 2a of a side gear 2A at an outer gear portion 31a. The long gear portion 31 of the other planetary gear 3B is in engagement with the short gear portion 32 of the planetary gear 3A at the inner gear portion 31b and with a gear portion 2b of a side gear 2B at the outer gear portion 31a.

Abstract: A differential apparatus (7) comprises: a differential casting (21) rotated by an engine power; a plurality of pinion gears (65, 66) slidably housed in accommodation holes (63, 64) formed in the differential casing; a pair of side gears (35, 37) geared with each other via the pinion gears, two opposing end surfaces thereof being slid relative to each other, either directly or via a thrust washer (61); and a block member (47, 91, 97) interposed between two inner circumferential surfaces of the two side gears so as to center the side gears, respectively. In particular, at least one oil sump (77,) is formed between the block member and the side gears, to supply lubricant to sliding portions between the bolck member (47, 91, 97) and the side gears (35, 37) and between two opposing end surfaces of the two side gears, by a centrifugal force generated by the rotating differential casing.

Abstract: A one-piece differential casing for a parallel-axis differential assembly is provided. The integral casing includes a drum segment defining an internal chamber and a flange segment extending radially from the outer periphery of the drum segment. The casing further includes a window aperture extending through the drum segment that communicates with the chamber, a pair of sockets formed in the axle openings to rotatably support the side gears therein, and paired sets of gear pockets. A set of first pinion pockets are formed as elongated bores which communicate with the internal chamber and have an opening through one end wall of the drum segment. In addition, a set of second pinion pockets are formed as elongated bores which communicate with the internal chamber and have an opening through the opposite end wall of the drum segment. The first and second pinion pockets are arranged in paired sets and each has an axis which is parallel to the axis of the axle openings.