Abstract: Apparatus and system for producing high pressure gas, such as high pressure coal gas from coal, air and water. Pulverized coal is introduced into a rising stream of steam in a central reaction column of a retort to constitute a fluidized or entrained bed. The coal reacts with the steam to form a gas consisting of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane and higher hydrocarbons. The retort is constructed so that product gas and air may be burned in an annular chamber surrounding the central reaction column to produce hot flue gas. The hot flue gas is used to drive a turbine which in turn, drives a compressor which introduces compressed air into the annular chamber. Steam tubes may be disposed in the annular space so that the steam introduced to the central reaction chamber may be super-heated by the hot flue gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for treatment of rubber and plastic wastes, comprising in series an extruder for heating and melting rubber and plastic wastes to extrude the molten wastes, a decomposing section for heating the molten wastes to prepare decomposed products while optionally separating residues therefrom, a dry-distilling section for gasifying the decomposed products by dry-distillation, and a cooling section for cooling the dry-distilled products to separate gaseous materials from liquid materials.

Abstract: Apparatus and system for producing coal gas from coal, air and water. Pulverized coal is introduced into a rising stream of air and steam in a retort to constitute a fluidized or entrained bed. The coal reacts with the steam and air to form a gas consisting of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane and higher hydrocarbons. In some cases the air may be eliminated to produce nitrogen-free gas. In other instances, the production of methane and higher hydrocarbons may be suppressed to produce a gas consisting primarily of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The retort is constructed so that product gas and air may be burned in an annular space surrounding the central reaction column to produce hot flue gas. Steam tubes may be disposed in the annular space so that the steam and air introduced to the central reaction chamber may be super-heated by the hot flue gas.

Abstract: Hot, non-oxygenous gas at carefully controlled quantities and at predetermined depths in a bed of lump oil shale provides pyrolysis of the contained kerogen of the oil shale, and cool non-oxygenous gas is passed up through the bed to conserve the heat inventory for a viable process. The bed being fed at the top with raw shale and retorted shale being removed at the bottom provides a constant depth, continuously moving bed of shale, for a continuous process.

Abstract: A gas generator is disclosed which will simply and reliably effect a gas producing reaction between a gaseous and a liquid reactant. The generator can operate at elevated temperatures and has heat exchange means incorporated. The gas generator is applied as a hydrogen generator to an energy conversion system in which hydrogen from the hydrogen-producing reaction powers a fuel cell and the reaction heat from the hydrogen producing reaction powers a thermal engine, thereby enhancing the energy conversion system relative to one in which the hydrogen generator is merely cooled and its heat is rejected as waste heat. Other possible energy conversion systems based on this gas generator are disclosed.

Abstract: A multi-stage reformed-gas generator(fuel converter) of the type having at least two reaction chambers, each of which containing a catalyst, with the two being connected in series in a flow direction, and means for supplying a gas acting as an oxygen carrier to the reaction chambers and means for supplying fuel gas through the chambers in the flow direction. The catalyst is arranged in the reaction chambers between gas permeable surfaces which separate the reaction chambers from each other and by means of which the gas serving as an oxygen carrier can be fed to the reaction chambers, in which the oxygen carrier gas and the fuel gas are contacted with each other substantially in perpendicular direction to their respective flows in the chamber.