Abstract: A pressing rotating member comprising a base layer, an elastic layer and a surface layer, in this order, the surface layer having pores, wherein when placing an observation region of 8 ?m long×11 ?m wide at a cross section of the surface layer in a thickness direction of the surface layer—a direction perpendicular to a circumferential direction of the pressing rotating member, a degree of orientation f of the pores observed in the observation region is 0.20 or higher, and an orientation angle ? of the pores observed in the observation region is 0° to 10°.

Abstract: The developing roller includes an electro-conductive substrate and a covering layer on the electro-conductive substrate, the covering layer including a matrix and an electro-conductive particle dispersed in the matrix, an arithmetic mean value of the current value is 300 pA or less and the standard deviation of the current value is 0.1-fold or less of the current value, a standard deviation of a potential is 3.0 V or more, and an arithmetic mean value of a volume resistivity is 1010 ?·cm or less, and a standard deviation of the volume resistivity is 1-fold or more of the arithmetic mean value of the volume resistivity.

Abstract: A crank arm for a bicycle may include a body extending along a body axis and having a first body end and a second body end axially spaced apart from the first body end. The crank arm may also include an insert provided toward the first body end. The insert may include a base portion having a radially outer surface. At least one extension may extend outwardly from the radially outer surface and may be encased within a corresponding recess in the body whereby relative planar movement between the body and the at least one extension in a first plane orthogonal to the radial direction is restrained. The retaining portion may have a retaining portion width measured in a first direction and the retaining width may be greater than a throat width thereby inhibiting relative radial movement between the at least one extension and the recess and preventing radial extraction of the extension from the corresponding recess.

Abstract: In order to maintain the image quality of a recent high-speed electrophotographic apparatus, a charging member is provided which hardly causes charging unevenness of a photosensitive member even when vibration of the photosensitive member occurs. The charging member includes an electro-conductive support, an electro-conductive elastic layer, and a surface layer. The elastic layer contains a resin having an epichlorohydrin chain in the molecular structure and a specific flavonoid compound having two or more hydroxyl groups in the molecular structure.

Abstract: A printing sleeve includes a first and radially inward layer having an inner side for directly contacting the outer side of a printing cylinder, and an outer side which is radially opposite the inner side. The first and radially inward layer has a glass fiber reinforced compressible compound such that the glass fibers may absorb the forces that arise in the circumferential direction and/or in the longitudinal direction, and the compressible compound elements may absorb the pressures that arise in the radial direction. In this way, the materials which to date act separately in the base sleeve and the compressible layer are combined in one common layer in which said materials each may perform their function.

Abstract: Provided is a developing roll (R) with which it is possible to suppress toner stress in a low-temperature and low-humidity environment. A developing roll (R) for an electrophotographic device has a surface layer (1). In a surface hardness histogram (10) of the surface layer (1) measured by using an atomic force microscope (AFM), the surface hardness (H) at the top peak (P) is in the range of 10-55 MPa, and the area ratio (S) of the histogram portion corresponding to a surface hardness of 45 MPa or below in relation to the entire histogram is 65% or above.

Abstract: To provide a conductive member for an electrophotographic machine that is capable of preventing hardening degradation of a surface layer that is caused by an ionic conductive agent contained in a conductive rubber elastic body layer, allowing the surface layer to be improved in durability. A conductive member 10 for an electrophotographic machine includes a conductive rubber elastic body layer 14 containing crosslinked rubber and an ionic conductive agent, and a surface layer 16 provided on an outer periphery of the conductive rubber elastic body layer 14, wherein the surface layer 16 contains a polymer and polyphenol. Examples of the polyphenol include a tannin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, pyrogallol, catechin, and chlorogenic acid.

Abstract: A method is provided for fabricating a surface protection film that has no rolling defects such as blocking or wrinkling when rolled into a roll, and that, after the film is bonded to an adherend, is rolled into a roll, and stored for long periods of time, does not transfer unevenness or fisheyes on the back surface to the adherend. The surface protection film is fabricated as an elastomer by setting the arithmetical mean roughness (Ra) of the surface of a cold roller (4) to no more than 0.2 ?m, and the ten point mean roughness (Rz) of the surface of a nip roller (3) to 2-8 ?m and the mean distance (Sm) between protrusions and depressions thereof to no more than 90 ?m.

Abstract: A semiconductive roller (1) according to the present invention has a nonporous single-layer structure formed from a rubber composition which includes: a rubber component including a styrene butadiene rubber and an epichlorohydrin rubber; and a salt of an anion having a fluoro group and a sulfonyl group in its molecule; the salt being present in the rubber composition in a proportion of 0.05 to 5 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the overall rubber component.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a new charge roller particularly but not exclusively for charging a photoconductive element in a liquid electro-photograph (LEP) image-forming apparatus. The charge roller includes a cured composition of an aromatic diisocyanate, a polycarbonate polyester polyol, a matte agent, a surface energy modifier, and a conductive agent.

Abstract: A pressure member includes a base, an elastic layer outside the base, and a surface layer on the elastic layer, the surface layer containing a fluorine-containing resin. The surface layer is fixed on the elastic layer in a state of being stretched in the longitudinal direction of the pressure member, the elastic layer has a porosity of 20% by volume or more and 60% by volume or less, and when the elastic modulus of the elastic layer in the thickness direction is defined as E (ND) and the elastic modulus of the elastic layer in the longitudinal direction of the pressure member is defined as E (MD), E (MD)/E (ND) is larger than 1.0.

Abstract: The present invention provides a paper feed/convey/separation roller in which the inner layer is firmly fixed to the outer layer without use of an adhesive and slipping between the inner layer and the outer layer is suppressed, and which ensures required running torque, and a method for producing the roller. In the paper feed/convey/separation roller having a shaft and at least two rubber elastic layers formed on the shaft, said at least two layers including an outermost layer formed of non-foamed polyurethane, and an inner layer disposed under the outermost layer and formed of foamed rubber, wherein the polyurethane outermost layer has an inner surface having unevenness at least along the circumferential direction, which unevenness is provided through molding.

Abstract: Developing device includes developing roller and magnetic roller. Developing roller includes aluminum oxide thin film and resin coat layer. Magnetic roller is disposed to face, without contact, outer circumferential surface of developing roller, and includes aluminum oxide thin film formed on outer circumferential surface of base body that is made of metal including aluminum. Magnetic roller forms toner layer on surface of developing roller via magnetic brush composed of toner and magnetic carrier. AC impedance Z1 is in range from 1.0×105? to 1.0×106? and surface roughness Ra of resin coat layer is in range from 0.057 ?m to 0.280 ?m, AC impedance Z1 being obtained when AC voltage at predetermined frequency is applied to between base body of magnetic roller and base body of developing roller in a state where the magnetic brush is formed on magnetic roller.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pressure rotating member which achieves the shortening of a warm-up time while suppressing a non-recording material-contacting area's temperature rise. The pressure rotating member which is used in a thermal fixing apparatus includes: a substrate; and an elastic layer that is formed on the substrate and has a void, wherein the elastic layer contains a needle-shaped filler, wherein the needle-shaped filler has such a thermal conductivity ?1 of the elastic layer in a direction along a rotary axis of the pressure rotating member as to be 6 times or more and 900 times or less of a thermal conductivity ?2 of the elastic layer in a thickness direction.

Abstract: A power cable termination for aerial connection houses an end of a power cable and a conductor extension rod connected to an end of a conductor of the cable in a bushing. The bushing is filled with an insulating filler. The insulating filler is composed of any one of: (1) a mixture of a silicone oil and a silicone rubber; (2) a mixture of a silicone oil and a silicone gel; and (3) a mixture of silicone oil, a silicone rubber and a silicone gel.

Abstract: Provided in a facile manner are a black synthetic quartz glass with a transparent layer, which meets demands for various shapes, has a black portion satisfying required light shield property and emissivity in an infrared region, keeps a purity equivalent to that of a synthetic quartz glass in terms of metal impurities, has a high-temperature viscosity characteristic comparable to that of a natural quartz glass, can be subjected to high-temperature processing such as welding, does not release carbon from its surface, and is free of bubbles and foreign matter in the transparent layer and the black quartz glass, and at an interface between the transparent layer and the black quartz glass, and a production method therefor.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member whose performances are hardly changed even after a long-term use is provided. An electrophotographic member having a mandrel, an elastic layer and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a titanium oxide film having chemical bonds represented by the following formula (1) and formula (2) is provided.

Abstract: The semiconductive roller according to the present invention includes a nonporous roller body made of a rubber composition containing styrene-butadiene rubber and epichlorohydrin rubber as rubber components.

Abstract: The present teachings disclose a fuser member comprising a substrate, a functional layer disposed on the substrate and an outer layer disposed on the functional layer. The outer layer comprises a cross-linked perfluorinated polyether.

Abstract: The present invention provides a charging member which has a low compression set and which can suppress the generation of image defects. A layer of an unvulcanized rubber composition including an unvulcanized acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and N,N?-methylenebis(1,4-phenylene)dimaleimide is vulcanized.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing a conductive rubber roller having small aspect ratios of inner and outer diameters, having a stable measure of its inner diameter, having uniform cell distribution and being free from non-uniformity of hardness and electrical resistance in the peripheral direction. The process has a step of continuously extruding a tube composed of a specific unvulcanized rubber composition from a rubber extruder in a microwave vulcanizing unit, and a step of foaming and vulcanizing the tube by using a microwave irradiator having a microwave irradiation zone 4 m or less in length while being transported at given speed. The foamed rubber tube has an inner diameter 20 to 35% smaller than the outer diameter of the conductive core material over the whole region in the lengthwise direction, and the conductive core material is press-fitted into the foamed rubber tube without using any adhesive.

Abstract: To provide a charging member that can not easily cause faulty cleaning on a photosensitive member while having a flexibility high enough to form a nip between it and the photosensitive member in a sufficient width. The charging member has an electro-conductive support and an elastic layer that is a surface layer, which elastic layer has at its surface a region having been cured by irradiation with electron rays, where this region supports spherical polyethylene particles in such a state that the spherical polyethylene particles are exposed to the surface of the elastic layer, thereby making the surface roughened.

Abstract: The paper feed roller according to the present invention is made of a thermoplastic elastomer composition containing an ester thermoplastic elastomer urethane or an ether thermoplastic elastomer urethane (E) having microrubber hardness (type A) of not less than 60 and not more than 80 and a plasticizer (P) in a mass ratio E/P of 70/30 to 50/50.

Abstract: This invention provides an electrically conductive roller capable of forming an image without fogging even in a low humidity environment and an image-forming device. Specifically, the invention relates to an electrically conductive roller has an elastic layer formed on an outer circumferential surface of a shaft and a urethane coat layer formed on an outer circumferential surface of the elastic layer, wherein the urethane coat layer includes a urethane resin, and at least one ionic liquid selected from the group consisting of pyridinium ionic liquids and amine ionic liquids, in an amount from 1 to 20 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass of the urethane resin; and an image-forming device equipped with the electrically conductive roller.

Abstract: Provided is a conductive roller including a shaft 1, and an elastic layer 2 and a surface layer 3 formed on the periphery of the shaft in the order mentioned. The elastic layer 2 is composed of a polyurethane foam containing a polyurethane resin and a waterproofing agent. By containing the waterproofing agent in the formulation of the polyurethane foam constituting the elastic layer 2, the environment-dependence of the roller resistance is improved, the resistance variance accompanied by change in the environment can be controlled, and pores formed on the surface of the elastic layer 2 are made fine, whereby the surface properties of the roller improve. Also provided is a method of manufacturing the above-mentioned conductive roller.

Abstract: The inventive sheet conveying roller has a double-layer structure including a tubular outer layer and an inner layer inserted directly in the tubular outer layer without the intervention of an adhesive agent. The sheet conveying roller includes a roller body of a double-layer structure including a tubular outer layer (6) of a urethane thermoplastic elastomer and an inner layer (7) of a rubber such as IIR inserted directly in the tubular outer layer (6) without the intervention of an adhesive agent. The outer layer (6) has a Type-A Durometer hardness of not less than 40 and not greater than 65, and the inner layer (7) has a Type-A Durometer hardness of greater than 10 and not greater than 25.

Abstract: A roll covering is particularly suitable for a roll for the treatment of a paper web, paperboard web, or any other web of fibrous material in a machine for the production and/or finishing of same. The roll covering encompasses at least one layer formed of a rubber composition which includes at least one (meth)acrylate compound and a rubber component encompassing at least one crosslinked hydrogenated nitrile rubber. The at least one layer has a recovery rate of at least 12 mm/sec. and/or a maximal degree of plastic deformation of 0.9%, and, further, a tensile strength of at least 17 N/mm2.

Abstract: A sheet feed rolling element for an electrophotographic device includes a roller portion and shoulders on both sides formed by curved chamfers. A parting line between the fixed mold plate and the movable mold plate of an injection mold is located at the boundary between one shoulder and the roller portion outer periphery, a step is provided at the boundary due to a difference between the opening diameter of the cavity portion defined by the fixed mold plate and the opening diameter of the cavity portion defined by the movable mold plate so the one shoulder has a smaller diameter than the outer peripheral surface, and a chamfer is provided adjacent to the one shoulder to absorb any difference in molding shrinkage rate due to a difference in molecular orientation of resin at the step, thereby preventing circumferential bulging on the outer periphery of the formed roller portion.

Abstract: An electrically conductive roller which may easily obtain a desired surface roughness, and which has good setting property without problems such as high cost and compression set is provided. An electrically conductive roller 10 comprises a shaft 1, an elastic layer 2 supported on the periphery of the shaft and one surface layer 3 formed on the peripheral surface of the elastic layer 2. The elastic layer 2 is composed of a urethane foam in which the degree of swelling is not more than 120% with respect to the solvent used in the formation of the surface layer 3. The urethane foam preferably contains, as a polyol component, a polyester polyol having a hydroxyl value of 200 to 400 and 3 or more functional groups.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sheet conveying roller which requires a smaller number of ingredients than a prior art sheet conveying roller, has an excellent weather resistance, is less liable to suffer from reduction in friction coefficient attributable to accumulation of paper dust and sheet conveying failure attributable to the reduction in friction coefficient, and ensures proper sheet conveyance for a longer period of time. The invention further provides a rubber composition for the sheet conveying roller. The rubber composition comprises an ethylene-propylene-diene rubber and an epoxylated natural rubber as a rubber component. In the rubber composition, the epoxylated natural rubber is present in a proportion of 10 mass % to 90 mass % based on the overall amount of the rubber component including the two rubbers. The sheet conveying roller includes a roller body formed from the rubber composition.

Abstract: The semiconductive roller according to the present invention includes: a roller body having an outer peripheral surface made of a semiconductive rubber composition; and an oxide film covering the outer peripheral surface of the roller body, while the semiconductive rubber composition contains a base polymer and a crosslinking component for crosslinking the base polymer, the base polymer is a mixture of a bicopolymer E containing epichlorohydrin and nitrile-butadiene rubber N, the mass ratio E/N of the bicopolymer E and the nitrile-butadiene rubber N in the mixture is 50/50 to 80/20, and the crosslinking component includes a thiourea-based crosslinking component for crosslinking the bicopolymer E and a sulfur-based vulcanizing component for vulcanizing the nitrile-butadiene rubber N.

Abstract: A development roll for electrophotographic equipment includes a shaft body and a rubber elastic layer disposed on the outer circumference of the shaft body. The rubber elastic layer is composed of a crosslinked body of a composition containing a liquid or millable silicone rubber, a crosslinking agent, an electronically conductive agent, and an ionic liquid. The composition contains the ionic liquid in the amount in the range of 0.1 to 5.1 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the liquid or millable silicone rubber and the crosslinking agent.

Abstract: A pickup roller includes a supporting layer and a pickup layer, which includes a base surrounding the outer perimeter of the supporting layer and a plurality of particles which are distributed throughout the base and have a different hardness than a hardness of the base.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, there are media feeding assemblies and methods of making a roll of a media feeding assembly. The method can include providing a soluble carbon nanotube composition, providing a first elastomeric rubber composition, and mixing the soluble carbon nanotube composition with the first elastomeric rubber composition to form a composite rubber composition, such that the soluble carbon nanotubes are substantially uniformly dispersed in the composite rubber composition. The method can also include applying the composite rubber composition to a mold and curing the composite rubber composition to form a composite rubber tire, such that the substantially uniformly dispersed soluble carbon nanotubes in the composite rubber tire provide at least about 10% decrease in wear.

Abstract: A charging member is provided which has a low electrical resistance, has less non-uniformity or environmental dependence of the electrical resistance, may less undergo electrification deterioration even when used for a long period of time, and is free of any occurrence of faulty images such as horizontal lines attributable to charging. The charging member is formed of a support with a good electrical conductivity and an elastic layer consisting of at least one layer on the support, and the elastic layer is formed of a semiconductive vulcanized rubber in which carbon black has been dispersed as conductive particles in a binder polymer containing a polymer having a butadiene skeleton, having been modified at a molecular terminal thereof with a specific atomic group.

Abstract: In a paper or board machine, an elastic roll cover for manufacturing or finishing of a fiber web material having at least one layer of rubber mixture, wherein the at least one layer of rubber mixture contains synthetic fiber polymer in powder form and less than 10 parts of weight of UHMWPE to 100 parts of weight of the elastomer matrix.

Abstract: A charging member includes a substrate and an outermost layer that is on the substrate, is in contact with a member to be charged, and contains a cross-linking fluorocarbon siloxane rubber composition, wherein the charging member charges the member to be charged by being brought into contact with the member to be charged while a voltage is applied.

Abstract: To provide a charging member that can have a uniform electrical resistance, can not easily change in electrical resistance even by any long-term continuous electrification and, as a result thereof, may cause less change in its charging performance with time. A charging member having a conductive support and an elastic-material layer; the elastic-material layer comprising a vulcanized rubber; the vulcanized rubber being a vulcanized product of a composition which comprises i) a binder polymer comprising a polymer having a butadiene skeleton and ii) carbon black as electrically conductive particles; and the polymer having a butadiene skeleton has a molecular terminal modified with an atomic group having a specific structure.

Abstract: A development roll for electrophotographic equipment includes a shaft body, a rubber elastic layer formed by molding on an outer circumference of the shaft body and having many convex portions formed by transfer molding on the outer circumferential surface thereof, and a coating layer disposed on an outer circumference of the rubber elastic layer. The coating layer is composed of a cured body of a coating material containing (A) a thermoplastic urethane having a number-average molecular weight in the range of 50,000 to 200,000, (B) a polyol having a number-average molecular weight in the range of 500 to 4,000, and (C) a curing agent. The mass percentages a, b, and c of the components (A), (B), and (C) satisfy the following expressions: a+b+c=100, 40?a?75, 5?b?20, and 20?c.

Abstract: Conventional art has a structure consisting of a roll axis incorporating a structure of fine pores, and a roll unit provided around the outer circumference of a roll axis, wherein internal pressure of the roll axis is dispersed to the roll unit to make a fluid (gas-liquid) suction action, thus reducing the pressure loss and obtaining even distribution of the fluid (gas-liquid). As such, instead of a tubular roll axis, the structure of a roll axis is made fin-shaped or groove-shaped to maximize the action surface area that works on the inner pressure of the roll axis of the roll unit. However, other problems such as inefficiency of the fluid (gas-liquid) suction action and lack of mechanical strength of the roll axis remains.

Abstract: A semiconductive roller includes a conductive support and a semiconductive elastic layer disposed on a circumferential surface of the conductive support, the semiconductive elastic layer containing at least an epichlorohydrin rubber and a conducting agent and having a foam structure, wherein, when the semiconductive roller is left to stand in water for 30 minutes, the chlorine ion content derived from the semiconductive elastic layer per unit area of the semiconductive elastic layer is approximately not more than 0.06 ?mol/cm2.

Abstract: Provided is a urethane resin composition by which an electrically conductive roller which has a higher elasticity than ever and in which an air bubble in an elastic layer is fine can be obtained when the urethane resin composition is used for the elastic layer of the electrically conductive roller, and an electrically conductive roller using the same. The urethane resin composition comprises: a urethane resin having a carboxyl group on a side chain; a cross-linking agent having an epoxy group; and an ester composed of a sugar and an unbranched saturated fatty acid having 16 to 24 carbon atoms as a foaming agent. The saturated fatty acid is preferably a stearic acid. The urethane resin composition preferably further contains a foaming auxiliary. The sugar is preferably a sucrose.

Abstract: Apparatus for bonding at least two plies of a fibrous web, includes: a first roller having an outer periphery, at least one embossing protuberance provided on the outer periphery; and a second roller having an outer periphery and being elastic at least in a radial direction, the second roller including at least an inner layer and an outer layer that is harder than the inner layer, the second roller together with the first roller forming a nip through which the two plies are to be fed, wherein an embossing element is located on top of at least one of the embossing protuberance(s), an embossing area of each embossing element being smaller than an embossing area of the corresponding embossing protuberance(s) so that the two plies are bonded at discrete locations corresponding to the first and second embossing elements. Multi-ply product including the bonded plies and corresponding method are also described.

Abstract: A deflection roller for guiding a nonwoven web is described, which deflection roller comprises a guide jacket, which is mounted so as to be rotatable and on the circumferential surface of which the nonwoven web can be guided so as to be in contact therewith. In order to achieve a smooth-running and low-inertia guide jacket, the jacket material is formed by a carbon fiber-reinforced plastic. For preventing any interaction between the nonwoven web to be guided and the guide jacket, the circumferential surface is formed, as suggested by the invention, by a wear-resistant layer that is applied to the jacket material and that has an electrical conductivity.

Abstract: A fixing member according to the present invention is such one as is brought into pressure contact with a conveyed sheet to fix an image onto the sheet. The fixing member comprises a cylindrical or annular base material, a rubber layer provided so as to cover an outer surface of the base material and having elasticity, and an outer layer provided so as to cover an outer surface of the rubber layer for aiding release of the sheet. A siloxane content in a central section of the rubber layer is less than twice the siloxane content in an end portion of the rubber layer with respect to a width direction vertical to a circumferential direction on the base material.

Abstract: Provide herein is a bias charging member that includes a conductive core, and an outer surface layer disposed on the conductive core. The outer surface layer includes carbon black and polycarbonate.

Abstract: The conductive member has a conductive support and a conductive elastic layer. The elastic layer is a mixture containing an electron conductive agent and a binder polymer, or a cured product thereof, and the electron conductive agent contains a carbon black satisfying the following characteristics: (i) an average primary particle diameter is 20 nm or more and 30 nm or less; (ii) a DBP oil absorption is 40 ml/100 g or more and 70 ml/100 g or less, and the total amount of CO and CO2 generated by temperature programmed desorption/mass spectrometry is 0.30 mass % or more and 0.80 mass % or less with reference to the carbon black; and (iii) the amount of SO2 generated by the temperature programmed desorption/mass spectrometry is 0.05 mass % or more with reference to the carbon black.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing a conductive rubber roller having small aspect ratios of inner and outer diameters, having a stable measure of its inner diameter, having uniform cell distribution and being free from non-uniformity of hardness and electrical resistance in the peripheral direction. The process has a step of continuously extruding a tube composed of a specific unvulcanized rubber composition from a rubber extruder in a microwave vulcanizing unit, and a step of foaming and vulcanizing the tube by using a microwave irradiator having a microwave irradiation zone 4 m or less in length while being transported at given speed. The foamed rubber tube has an inner diameter 20 to 35% smaller than the outer diameter of the conductive core material over the whole region in the lengthwise direction, and the conductive core material is press-fitted into the foamed rubber tube without using any adhesive.

Abstract: A supply roller of a developing device for an image forming apparatus and a method of manufacturing the same are provided, which is small and exhibits excellent toner supply properties while preventing occurrence of the ghost phenomenon and toner-filming phenomenon, which cause a deterioration in image quality. The supply roller of the developing device for the image forming apparatus according to the present invention includes a shaft, and a conductive resilient member enclosing an outer circumference of the shaft. The conductive resilient member has a density of about 60 kg/m3 to about 120 kg/m3, and an outer diameter of about 8.0 mm to about 10.0 mm.

Abstract: There is a developing roller having a low compression permanent strain without contaminating a photosensitive drum and deteriorating toners. The developing roller 1 comprises a shaft 2, an elastic layer 3 formed on an outer periphery of the shaft 2 and a surface coating layer 4 formed on an outer peripheral face of the elastic layer 3, in which the surface coating layer 4 comprises a urethane resin formed by crosslinking a lactone-modified polyol with a polyisocyanate. The urethane resin is preferable to be formed by crosslinking the lactone-modified polyol with two or more kinds of polyisocyanates.