Abstract: The invention provides an opalescent forehearth color concentrate comprising a non-smelted agglomerated interspersion of particles for use in coloring glass, said concentrate comprising by weight from about 10% to about 70% of a glass component and from about 30% to about 90% of one or more opalescent pigments, the glass component comprising by weight from about 10% to about 50% ZnO and about 15 to about 60% SiO2. The invention also provides a method of using the color concentrate.

Abstract: Pellets encapsulating selenium or a compound of selenium comprise one hollow cavity filled with the selenium surrounded by a matrix which is able to form an eutectic with at least one of the constituents of a batch of molten raw materials for the manufacture of glass.

Abstract: A high transmission and low iron glass is provided for use in a solar cell. The glass substrate may be patterned on at least one surface thereof. Antimony (Sb) is used in the glass to improve stability of the solar performance of the glass upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and/or sunlight. The combination of low iron content, antimony, and/or the patterning of the glass substrate results in a substrate with high visible transmission and excellent light refracting characteristics.

Abstract: A method is shown for retarding the reactivity of quicklime. The quicklime is contacted with an aqueous solution of a boron-containing compound after being calcined. The boron-containing solution can be sprayed on the quicklime as it moves past on a conveyor belt. The retarded quicklime can be used for various industrial purposes and is especially useful as a reactant in a glass making operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of refining lithium aluminosilicate glass capable of being controllably ceramized and free of arsenic oxide, antimony oxide and tin oxide, in which at least 0.05% by weight of at least one sulfide is added to the glass batch materials and said materials are melted at a temperature below 1750° C. The invention also relates to the glass-ceramic obtained from said colored glass, especially glass colored by vanadium oxide. Application especially for the manufacture of cooktops and cooking utensils.

Abstract: Additives to foundry sand cores are provided for reducing or eliminating surface defects in metal castings. The additives generally comprise an iron oxide component and a glass component which is preferably free of lithium oxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bulk-tinted red glass formed from a glass batch based on a soda-lime-silica composition, to a process for manufacturing red glass and to a bulb obtained from a blank or a tube manufactured with such a glass. The batch comprises, per 100% by weight of the batch, 0.1 to 1% by weight of copper, 0.2 to 2% by weight of tin and 0.01 to 2.5% by weight of oxide of the lanthanide group and/or 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of silver in silver oxide or nitrate form.

Abstract: A substrate for an information recording medium, which has high heat resistance and high acid resistance and is formed of a glass having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 600° C. or higher and having an etching rate of 0.1 ?m/minute or less with regard to a hydrosilicofluoric acid aqueous solution that is maintained at a temperature of 45° C. and has a hydrosilicofluoric acid concentration of 1.72% by weight, and an information recording medium having an information recording layer formed on the above substrate.

Abstract: A fining agent for reducing the concentration of seeds or bubbles in a silicate glass. The fining agent includes at least one inorganic compound, such as a hydrate or a hydroxide that acts as a source of water. In one embodiment, the fining agent further includes at least one multivalent metal oxide and, optionally, an oxidizer. A fusion formable and ion exchangeable silicate glass having a seed concentration of less than about 1 seed/cm3 is also provided. Methods of reducing the seed concentration of a silicate glass, and a method of making a silicate glass having a seed concentration of less than about 1 seed/cm3 are also described.

Abstract: Al2O3-rare earth oxide-ZrO2/HfO2 ceramics (including glasses, crystalline ceramics, and glass-ceramics) and methods of making the same. Ceramics according to the present invention can be made, formed as, or converted into glass beads, articles (e.g., plates), fibers, particles, and thin coatings. The particles and fibers are useful, for example, as thermal insulation, filler, or reinforcing material in composites (e.g., ceramic, metal, or polymeric matrix composites). The thin coatings can be useful, for example, as protective coatings in applications involving wear, as well as for thermal management. Certain ceramic particles according to the present invention can be are particularly useful as abrasive particles.

Abstract: A glass composition of the present invention is manufactured by melting glass raw materials and contains a multicomponent oxide as a main component, and the glass composition contains at least one of helium and neon in an amount of 0.01 to 2 ?L/g (0° C. 1 atm).

Abstract: Al2O3—Y2O3—ZrO2/HfO2 ceramics (including glasses, crystalline ceramics, and glass-ceramics) and methods of making the same. Ceramics according to the present invention can be made, formed as, or converted into glass beads, articles (e.g., plates), fibers, particles, and thin coatings. The particles and fibers are useful, for example, as thermal insulation, filler, or reinforcing material in composites (e.g., ceramic, metal, or polymeric matrix composites). The thin coatings can be useful, for example, as protective coatings in applications involving wear, as well as for thermal management. Certain ceramic particles according to the present invention can be are particularly useful as abrasive particles.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a salt optic provided with a multilayer coating in order to improve upon the moisture resistance of a salt optic, when compared to the moisture resistance of an uncoated salt optic. In one aspect, the present invention is comprised of a coated salt optic having at least a first coating layer and a second coating layer, the first coating layer being surface-smoothing layer and adhesion layer, and the second coating layer being a moisture barrier layer.

Abstract: A process for preparing and storing moist glass-making batch is disclosed, comprising incorporating a surfactant in moist batch so that when the batch is either: a) stored at a temperature below 35° C., it remains free flowing without setting, or b) pre-heated at, or above, 100° C. before supply to a glass melting furnace, it remains free flowing without setting. The moist batch includes from 2% to 10% by weight free water and from 0.0001% to 5% by weight surfactant, which is preferably a soluble soap (for example a carboxylate having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms in its chain) that is incorporated into the batch as it is mixed. The moist batch can be stored for at least 24 hours, and it can be pre-heated to at least 150° C., and remain free flowing without setting.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of organic and/or inorganic peroxides as refining agents in a process for refining of glass melts. These peroxides are available in such a bandwidth that they can be chosen specifically according to the viscosity temperature profile of a glass and can therefore be integrated in an applicatively meaningful synthesis so that in the final product, in the raw glass, no traces of the peroxides are detectable.

Abstract: A melter including an upper chamber configured to receive marbles or the like, and a lower chamber separated from the upper chamber by a porous wall through which, as the result of heating, glass marbles or the like liquefy in the form of a batch. The upper and lower chambers define a melting zone. A refining zone is fed via at least one channel emerging from the melting zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing compounds based on one or more silicates of alkali metals and/or of alkaline-earth metals, optionally in the form of mixed silicates that combine at least two of these elements, said process involving: (i) preferably a conversion reaction (1) in which halides of said alkali metals and/or of said rare earths and/or of said alkaline-earth metals are converted into the corresponding sulfates; (iii) a conversion reaction (2) in which said sulfates together with silica are converted into the corresponding silicates, the heat supply needed for this conversion being provided, at least in part, by a combustion reaction (3) using a submerged burner or a plurality of submerged burners.

Abstract: A barrier rib composition includes a ceramic material, a binder, a solvent, and a selenium oxide additive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of glass. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for the production of glass utilizing processes of reacting materials in a glass furnace in either a batch mode or a continuous process. These reactions affect the thermodynamics and other characteristics of the glass-forming reaction. The present invention additionally relates to compositions which are useful in such reactions.

Abstract: The invention is directed to polished glass substrates suitable for extreme ultraviolet lithography. The elements are silica-titania glass elements having a coefficient of thermal expansion of 0±30×10?9/° C. or less, and containing 5-10 wt. % titania. The polished elements have a mid-spatial frequency peak-to-valley roughness of <10 nm and a high-spatial frequency roughness of <0.20 nm average roughness. The invention is further directed to a method of for producing optical elements suitable for extreme ultraviolet lithography (“EUVL”), the method having at least the steps of providing a glass substrate in the shape of the desired optical element and polishing the shaped substrate using a high abrasive slurry flow rate of >2.0 ml/cm2/min. Generally the flow rates are in the range of 2.0-10 ml/cm2/min. Glass substrates suitable for extreme ultraviolet lithography element have a coefficient of thermal expansion of 0±30×10?9/° C. or less.

Abstract: Disclosed are glass materials generally belonging to the P2O5—ZnO—TeO2 system and process for making the same. The glass may comprise Bi2O3 as well. The high refractive index and low Tg materials are particularly suitable for refractive lens elements for use in portable optical devices. The process involves the use of P2O5 source materials with reduced amounts of reducing agents or a step of removing the reducing agents from such source materials by an oxidizing step such as calcination.

Abstract: A glass having a visible transmission of no greater than 28% and low IR transmission, and employing a colorant portion: total iron (expressed as Fe2O3): 0.7 to 1.8% cobalt oxide (e.g., Co3O4): 0.001 to 1.0% titanium oxide (e.g., TiO2): 0.25 to 3.0% selenium (e.g., Se): 0 to 0.0020% chromium oxide (e.g., Cr2O3): 0 to 0.010%.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method for preparing glass products, particularly continuous glass filaments. In this invention, the raw materials are treated with an alkaline solution to pre-react the raw material to remove unwanted materials from the raw materials. The alkaline solution can be added to the raw material mixture or can be generated in situ by the addition of water to the raw material mixture.

Abstract: A glass composition of the present invention relates to a multicomponent oxide glass composition manufactured by melting glass raw materials, which contains: 10 ppm or more of at least one type of a polyvalent element; minimum valence cations of the polyvalent element in a ratio of the minimum valence cation content to the total polyvalent element content of 5 to 98% in mass ratio; and 0.01 to 2 ?l/g (0° C., 1 atm) of helium.

Abstract: The present invention provides an alkali alumino-silicate Na—F-containing glass material and a method of making the alkali alumino-silicate Na—F-containing glass material, with the glass material capable of being made photosensitive and thus formed into optical elements at wavelengths ranging between about 240 to 350 nm, and more particularly at the standard 248 nm wavelength of excimer lasers. Also disclosed is optical element wherein a refractive index pattern formed in the alumino-silicate Na—F containing glass material, the refractive index pattern including regions of high refractive index and regions of low refractive index, the difference between the refractive indices of the high refractive index regions and the low refractive index regions being at least 4×10?5 at a wavelength of 633 nm.

Abstract: Optical glasses are described, which are useful for imaging, sensors, microscopy, medical technology, digital protection, photolithography, laser technology, wafer/chip technology, as well as telecommunication, optical communications engineering and optics/lighting in the automotive sector, with a refractive index of 1.80?nd?1.95 and an Abbe value from 19??d?28 with excellent chemical resistance and stability to crystallization. These optical glasses have a composition, in weight % based on oxide content, of: P2O5, 14-35; Nb2O5, 45-50; Li2O, 0-4; Na2O, 0-4; K2O, 0.5-5; BaO, 17-23; ZnO, 0.1-5; TiO2, 1-<5; ZrO2, 06; and Sb2O3, 0.1-2.

Abstract: The invention is an improved method for manufacturing fiberglass. In the method of the invention, traditional raw materials are at least partially replaced by pre-reacted materials. Use of these pre-reacted material results is less energy based to manufacture glasses and better melting of the raw material.

Abstract: The invention provides an opalescent forehearth color concentrate comprising a non-smelted agglomerated interspersion of particles for use in coloring glass, said concentrate comprising by weight from about 10% to about 70% of a glass component and from about 30% to about 90% of one or more opalescent pigments, the glass component comprising by weight from about 10% to about 50% ZnO and about 15 to about 60% SiO2. The invention also provides a method of using the color concentrate.

Abstract: The subject matter disclosed herein generally relates to methods for producing glass compositions with a reduced number of defects.

Abstract: The present invention relates to resorbable glass scaffolds for use in biological applications and methods for making same. Specifically, these scaffolds are composed of phosphate glass fibers, where the rate of dissolution into biological fluids is controlled by the length of time the glass is held above its melt temperature prior to spinning the fiber.

Abstract: A forehearth color concentrate comprising a non-smelted agglomerated interspersion of particles for use in coloring, said concentrate comprising by weight from about 50% to about 95% of a glass component and from about 4% to about 50% of a binder, said glass component comprising by weight from about 15% to about 35% chromium oxide. The present invention further provides a method of using the color concentrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a melt-formed, high-silver, alkali-free, borosilicate glass that can be used for fabricating optical devices. For gradient index lenses, the glass can be subjected to an ion exchange process in order to introduce a less polarizable ion onto the glass surface having a higher refractive index on the surface relative to the center of the glass. The glass is unique in that the silver ions are not introduced by ion exchange. Rather, the high silver content of the glass is achieved during melting. As melted, the transparent alkali-free, borosilicate glass produced by the inventive method contains a high concentration of silver, exhibits a high refractive index and negligible attenuation at wavelengths longer than about 400 nm, making it particularly suitable for high performance fiber optic components such as gradient index or so-called GRIN lenses.

Abstract: Glass powders and methods for producing glass powders. The powders preferably have a small particle size, narrow size distribution and a spherical morphology. The method includes forming the particles by a spray pyrolysis technique. The invention also includes novel devices and products formed from the glass powders.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersion comprising silicon/titanium mixed oxide powder with a BET surface area of 5 to 500 m2/g which has been prepared by flame hydrolysis and has a titanium dioxide content of 0.5 to 20 wt. %, based on the powder, water and at least one pH-regulating substance which can be removed completely from the reaction mixture on heating, the aqueous dispersion having a solids content of between 40 and 80 wt. %. A green body produced therefrom with a green density of between 40 and 85%. A shaped glass article of optical quality with a coefficient of thermal expansion of not more than 0.5×10?6/K produced from the green body.

Abstract: An automated method for recycling mixed colored cullet glass (i.e., broken pieces of glass of mixed colors and types) into new glass products. A computer controlled process identifies the virgin glass raw materials, the desired target glass properties, the composition of a batch of mixed colored cullet, and the quantity of cullet to be used in the glass melt, and the computer controlled process automatically determines the proper amounts of raw materials to add to the batch of mixed colored cullet so that recycled glass is produced having the desired coloring oxides, redox agents, and glass structural oxides in the proper proportion. The recycled glass is then used to make glass products such as beer bottles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of glass. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for the production of glass utilizing processes of reacting materials in a glass furnace in either a batch mode or a continuous process. These reactions affect the thermodynamics and other characteristics of the glass-forming reaction. The present invention additionally relates to compositions which are useful in such reactions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a raw material composition for soda-lime glass capable of effectively suppressing formation of nickel sulfide (NiS) in the course of melting of the glass raw material. A nickel sulfide (NiS) impurity present in soda-lime glass is formed in a high-temperature vitrification step in which metal particles containing Ni and an Ni component of stainless steel used for the interior of a melting furnace, which are mixed into glass raw material, react at high temperature with a sulfur (S) component in Na2SO4 serving as a glass raw material. However, when an additive containing an oxide, a chloride, a sulfate, or a nitrate of a metal is added in a very small amount and in advance to glass raw material, formation of NiS by the reaction between Ni and S in the course of melting can be suppressed or completely eliminated.

Abstract: The invention relates to an illuminating glass product having far infrared ray radiation in which far infrared ray radiating glass is made of use for an illuminating bulb or a glass diffuser for illumination and emission of far infrared rays at the same time.

Abstract: An automated method for recycling mixed colored cullet glass (i.e., broken pieces of glass of mixed colors and types) into new glass products. A computer controlled process identifies the virgin glass raw materials, the desired target glass properties, the composition of a batch of mixed colored cullet, and the quantity of cullet to be used in the glass melt, and the computer controlled process automatically determines the proper amounts of raw materials to add to the batch of mixed colored cullet so that recycled glass is produced having the desired coloring oxides, redox agents, and glass structural oxides in the proper proportion. The recycled glass is then used to make glass products such as beer bottles.

Abstract: A porcelain composition for dental restorations comprising a leucite crystallite phase and a glass matrix phase, wherein the leucite crystallites possess diameters not exceeding about 10 micron. Preferably, the porcelain composition has a maturing temperature from about 750° to about 1050° C. and a coefficient of thermal expansion from about 12×10−6/° C. to about 17.5×10−6/° C., and comprises: Component Amount (wt. %) SiO2 57-66 Al2O3  7-15 K2O  7-15 Na2O  7-12 Li2O 0.5-3.

Abstract: An improved glass composition for glass fibers having high heat resistance properties without melting, and typically comprising standard glass raw materials.

Abstract: Glass is made from batch components having a source of ferrous iron to increase the starting amount of ferrous iron in the glass batch. The ferrous iron source is an iron silicate material, such as fayalite (2FeO.SiO2), iron garnet (3FeO.Fe2O3.3SiO2) magnesium-iron olivine (2(Mg,Fe)O.SiO2), grunerite (6FeO.8SiO2FeOH)2, actinolite (CaO.3(Mg,Fe)O.4SiO2) or iron rich anthophyllite ((Mg,Fe)O.SiO2). The presence of the ferrous iron source in the glass batch components decreases or eliminates the amount of coal and also leads to a glass article having a redox ratio greater than about 0.25.

Abstract: Glass produced on basis of a raw material in form of a mixture of mainly mineral-containing components comprising sludge from e.g. purification plants and waste products from the industry, and having a determined chemical composition adjusted on basis of knowledge of the chemical composition of the mineral-containing components forming part of the glass. The glass is produced from the raw material which after mineralization is pressed into briquettes that are hardened and subsequently melted in e.g. a blast furnace under oxygen supply, and where the melt is quenched and dried. Large amounts of waste products and waste substances that are normally deposited either treated or untreated can be reused and utilized at production of the glass.

Abstract: A method of making glass (e.g., grey in color in some embodiments, or otherwise colored in other embodiments) in a manner so as to reduce selenium (Se) burnoff. In some embodiments, Epsom salt(s) is added to the glass batch in order to reduce Se burnoff. The resulting glass product is useful, for example, in vehicle and/or architectural privacy glass applications.

Abstract: Sanitary wares having a controlled surface are disclosed which are less likely to be stained or soiled and/or possess excellent gloss. The first sanitary ware comprises a sanitary ware body and a surface glaze layer provided on the sanitary ware body, wherein the surface glaze layer has a center line average roughness Ra of less than 0.07 &mgr;m. This sanitary ware is advantageous in that stains or soils are much less likely to be adhered to the surface thereof and, even when adhered to the surface thereof, can be removed by a weak water stream. The second sanitary ware comprises a sanitary ware body and a surface glaze layer provided on the sanitary ware body, wherein the surface glaze layer has a kurtosis Rku of less than 2.70. This sanitary ware advantageously possesses excellent surface gloss.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a glass batch. The method involves use of a calcium magnesium silicate as a batch component substitution for a lithium melting aid. The amount used is effective to produce a beneficial viscosity character and reduced batch free time.

Abstract: The decorative vitreous beads of the present invention have a hard, solid, substantially vitreous, unitary body comprised primarily of silica and having a generally spherical form, with the largest dimension being in the range between ⅛ inch to 2 inches. The body by weight comprising 35% to 70% of silica and the remaining ingredients by weight are from 65% to 30% for a total of 100% taken from the group comprising potash, soda, calcia, strontia, alumina, zinc oxide, boric oxide, zirconia, magnesia and potassium. Methods are further disclosed for making the decorative beads comprising mixing together a batch of minerals in powder state comprising by weight 35% to 70% of silica and the remaining oxides by weight from 65% to 30% for a total of 100% taken from a group comprising the oxides mentioned previously. The mixed batch is placed in the container which is inserted into a kiln.

Abstract: An aluminosilicate transparent glass has corrosion resistance in the form of mass loss of 4.0 mg or below per 1cm2 of the surface of a specimen upon holding the specimen for five hours in sodium hydroxide solution having concentration of 300 mg(L under test pressure of 50 MPa at 250° C. The glass has a coefficient of thermal expansion within a range from 35×10−7/° C. to 50×10−7/° C. within a temperature range from 100° C to 300° C. The glass has also powdered glass mass loss rate of 0.1% or below in terms of water resistance, acid resistance and alkali resistance.

Abstract: Pyrogenically produced oxides of metals and/or metalloids doped with erbium oxide, in which the base component is a pyrogenically produced oxide doped with erbium oxide in an amount of 0.000001 to 40 wt %, in which the BET surface of the doped oxide lies between 1 and 1000 m2/g, are produced by feeding an aerosol into a flame, as used for production of pyrogenic oxide, in which an erbium salt solution is used as the starting product for the aerosol, the aerosol being produced by atomization with an aerosol generator, this aerosol is mixed homogeneously before reaction with a gas mixture for flame oxidation or flame hydrolysis, the aerosol-gas mixture is then allowed to react in a flame, and the formed pyrogenic oxides doped with erbium oxide are separated from the gas stream in a known fashion. The pyrogenic oxide of metals and/or metalloids doped with erbium oxide can be used as glass raw material.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a glass batch. The method involves use of a calcium magnesium silicate as a batch component substitution for a lithium melting aid. The amount used is effective to produce a beneficial viscosity character and reduced batch free time.