Abstract: Glass having ultrafine particles of CuCl and/or CuBr precipitated therein, which consists essentially of:from 10 to 70 mol % of SiO.sub.2,from 30 to 90 mol % of B.sub.2 O.sub.3,from 0.1 to 50 mol % of Li.sub.2 O+Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O, andfrom 0.01 to 10 mol % of CuCl+CuBr.The glass may further contain from 0.01 to 40 mol % of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: This invention is drawn particularly to the production of glasses having essentially fluorine-free compositions consisting essentially, in mole percent, of:______________________________________ Li.sub.2 O 5-10 P.sub.2 O.sub.5 30-36 Na.sub.2 O 5-15 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-5 K.sub.2 O 0-6 CeO.sub.2 0-2 Li.sub.2 O + Na.sub.2 O + K.sub.2 O 15-25 SnO 0-20 ZnO 10-33 PbO 0-20 CaO 0-20 Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-12 SrO 0-20 Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-6 BaO 0-20 SnO + PbO + 0-20. Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 + Bi.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: There are disclosed fluoroborosilicate glasses that are particularly adapted to being drawn with lead silicate core glasses to produce clad glass fibers useful in forming fiber optic bundles to be incorporated in night vision equipment. The cladding glass has a refractive index not over about 1.465 and a coefficient of thermal expansion not over about 80.times.10.sup.-7 /.degree.C. The clad fiber has a numerical aperture approximating or equal to one.

Abstract: Glass compositions for high efficiency erbium.sup.3+ -doped optical fiber lasers, amplifiers and superluminescent sources are optimized for pumping by high power solid state lasers in the vicinity of 800 nm to provide amplified signals in wavelengths between 1.5 and 1.7 microns, a principal telecommunications window. A number of suitable host glasses for doping with erbium 3+ are identified wherein the excited state absorption/ground state absorption intensity ratio calculated at 800 nm is 1.00 or less.

Abstract: A sol-gel method for making gradient-index glass and a novel composition therefor, comprising at least a ternary system of metal alkoxides.

Abstract: To tellurite optical glass comprising TeO.sub.2, high valence components are added and may be a combination of La.sub.2 O.sub.3, at least one of B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and GeO.sub.2, and at least one of Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 and Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5. The high valence components may include Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3, and Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3. Amounts of TeO.sub.2 and La.sub.2 O.sub.3 are restricted to ranges between 10% and 80% and between 5% and 35%, respectively. A sum of B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and GeO.sub.2 must fall within a range between 1% and 30%, with an amount of GeO.sub.2 restricted between 0% and 22%. A total of La.sub.2 O.sub.3, Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3, and Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3 must be between 5% and 50%. A sum of Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 and Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 should range from 1% to 26%, with individual amounts of Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 and Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 kept between 0% and 20% and between 0% and 26%, respectively.

Abstract: A lead phosphate glass to which has been added indium oxide or scandium oe to improve chemical durability and provide a lead phosphate glass with good optical properties.

Abstract: Optical fibers comprising core and/or cladding elements composed of MgO--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --SiO.sub.2 glasses are described wherein control of thermal expansion mismatch among the core and cladding elements is possible. Low-stress, high numerical aperture fibers as well as prestressed polarization-relating and high strength fibers are described.

Abstract: Tellurite glass is disclosed, consisting essentially of 60 to 85 mol % of TeO.sub.2, up to 25 mol % of Li.sub.2 O, up to 35 mol % of Na.sub.2 O, up to 25 mol % of K.sub.2 O, up to 25 mol % of Rb.sub.2 O, up to 15 mol % of Cs.sub.2 O, up to 10 mol % of MgO, up to 5 mol % of CaO, up to 5 mol % of SrO, 1 to 30 mol % of BaO, up to 30 mol % of ZnO, up to 30 mol % of PbO, and up to 5 mol % in total of La.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5, Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 and WO.sub.3 with the total content of K.sub.2 O, Rb.sub.2 O and Cs.sub.2 O being from 1 to 25 mol %, and the total content of ZnO and PbO being from 1 to 30 mol %. The tellurite glass has a reduced light path difference with temperature difference and an increased figure of merit.

Abstract: A thallium-containing optical glass composition which comprises the following oxides in the indicated proportions in mole %: SiO.sub.2 35-80, Tl.sub.2 O 1-30, Tl.sub.2 O+R.sub.2 O (R being an alkali metal) 1-35, ZnO 0-35, GeO.sub.2 0-30, BaO 0-25, TiO.sub.2 0-20, MgO 0-20, B.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-less than 10, ZrO.sub.2 0-2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-8, SnO 0-5, CaO 0-10, SrO 0-10, PbO 0-10, La.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-5, Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-8, and Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 0-2, and satisfies the following relations:5.ltoreq.ZnO+GeO.sub.2 +BaO+TiO.sub.2 +MgO+B.sub.2 O.sub.3 .ltoreq.40,0.1.ltoreq.ZrO.sub.2 +Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 +SnO.ltoreq.8,and0.ltoreq.CaO+SrO+PbO+La.sub.2 O.sub.3 +Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 +Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 .ltoreq.10.

Abstract: The invention relates to lamps having a glass lamp vessel (1) and to a glass suitable therefor. The relevant glass is adequately resistant to attack by electrons, is resistant to atmospheric influences and is properly workable in a gas flame. This glass contains 44-60 mole % silicon oxide; 0-7.5 mole % boron oxide; 0-6 mole % zirconium oxide; 0-7.5 mole % aluminium oxide; 5-20 mole % calcium oxide; 12.5-25 mole % barium oxide; 0-15 mole % magnesium oxide; 0-10 mole % strontium oxide; 2-8 mole % sodium oxide. The sum of the alkaline earth metals is 25-42.5 mole %.No discoloration occurs in sodium vapor discharge lamps when the lamp vessel has been made of this glass.

Abstract: Glass objects, lenses in particular, can be pressed with precision from a glass which contains 45-55 mol. % P.sub.2 O.sub.5, 15-40 mol. % BaO, 5-15 mol. % Li.sub.2 O, 5-35 mol. % PbO, 0-2 mol. % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 0-6 mol. % F.

Abstract: Optically translucent theoretically dense body of mullite is produced by pressing an amorphous mixed oxide powder composition of from about 72.5 weight % to about 76.5 weight % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 /balance SiO.sub.2 into a compact of density of at least 1.0 g/cc, sintering the compact in oxygen or a vacuum of 0.05 torr to 1 torr producing a gas-impermeable compact, hot isostatically pressing the gas-impermeable compact to theoretical density, and with respect to compositions ranging from higher than about 74 wt % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 /balance SiO.sub.2, annealing the theoretically dense body.

Abstract: Optical components can be pressed with such a precision that grinding and polishing of the formed components is not necessary, from glasses containing 45-55 wt. % P.sub.2 O.sub.5, 3.5-9 wt. % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 5-20 wt. % K.sub.2 O, 0-3 wt. % Li.sub.2 O, 8-15% BaO, 4.5-9 wt. % ZnO, 0-6 wt. % MgO, 0-18 wt. % PbO, 0-1 wt. % SiO.sub.2, 0-3 wt. % B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-2 wt. % TiO.sub.2.

Abstract: Glasses containing fluorine. These glasses are characterized by the fact that they contain at least 25% in moles, approximately, of a fluoride or a mixture of fluorides MX(X.sub.1).sub.2, in which:X and X.sub.1 each represent a fluorine atom,and M then represents a metal chosen from among the group consisting ofgallium, iron, chromium, vanadium, indium, and the rare earths,or X represents an oxygen atom,X.sub.1 represents a fluorine atom,and M then represents a titanium atom, it being understood that the said glasses contain no hydrofluoric acid as a network former and that, in the case in which M represents a gallium or indium atom, the glasses do not contain more than 15% in moles of BaPO.sub.3 F.Application notably in obtaining glasses containing various cations conferring particular optical or magneto-optical properties.

Abstract: A microporous filler for dental composite resin restorations has been developed which gives greatly improved finishability, system non-toxicity and x-ray opacification. These fillers are prepared from frits obtained by the low temperature calcination of gelled inorganic "polymers" followed by a pulsed high-heat treatment.

Abstract: Aluminum metaphosphate optical fibers are disclosed. In a specific embodiment, aluminum metaphosphate, doped with from 10 to 30 mole percent of diboron trioxide, is found to yield an optical fiber which combines the desirable properties of both high numerical aperture and low material dispersion. The fiber is nonhygroscopic and has a high melting temperature. The index of refraction of the glass may be lowered by doping with silicon dioxide. Consequently, a graded fiber may be made by increasing the concentration of silicon oxide from the core to the cladding.