Abstract: An object of the present invention is to suppress performance deterioration of a molybdenum composite oxide-based catalyst at the time of performing gas-phase catalytic partial oxidation with molecular oxygen by using a tubular reactor. The present invention relates to a catalytic oxidation method using a tubular reactor in which a Mo compound layer containing a Mo compound and a composite oxide catalyst layer containing a Mo composite oxide catalyst are arranged in this order from a reaction raw material supply port side and under a flow of a mixed gas containing 75 vol % of air and 25 vol % of water vapor at 440° C., a Mo sublimation amount of the Mo compound is larger than a Mo sublimation amount of the Mo composite oxide catalyst under the same conditions.

Abstract: A method of preparing an anode active material for a pseudocapacitor is provided. According to the present invention, a method of preparing an anode active material for a pseudocapacitor, which enables expression of high specific capacitance and excellent output characteristics, is provided.

Abstract: Provided are a method of preparing a multicomponent bismuth-molybdenum composite metal oxide catalyst, and a multicomponent bismuth-molybdenum composite metal oxide catalyst prepared thereby. According to the preparation method, since the almost same structure as that of a typical quaternary bismuth-molybdenum catalyst may be obtained by performing two-step co-precipitation, i.e., primary and secondary co-precipitation, of metal components constituting the catalyst, the reduction of catalytic activity due to the deformation of the structure of the catalyst may be suppressed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a supported catalyst, a catalyst which is obtainable using the method, and use thereof for the partial oxidation or ammoxidation of olefins, in particular for the oxidation of propene to acrolein, of isobutene to methacrolein, and/or the ammoxidation of propene to acrylonitrile. The method according to the invention includes the following steps: a) providing a solution in which precursor compounds of the catalytically active component are essentially completely dissolved in a suitable solvent; b) bringing the solution obtained in step a) into contact with a (chemically) inert, porous support having a specific surface of 1 to 500 m2/g; c) heat treatment of the material obtained in step b), in which the precursor compounds of the catalytically active component are converted to their oxides.

Abstract: A catalytic composition useful for the conversion of an olefin selected from the group consisting of propylene, isobutylene or mixtures thereof, to acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and mixtures thereof. The catalytic composition comprising a complex of metal oxides comprising bismuth, molybdenum, iron, cerium and other promoters, wherein the ratio of cerium to iron in the composition is greater than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 5.

Abstract: The present invention provides a preparation process of complex oxides catalyst containing Mo, Bi, Fe and Co, which comprising steps as following: dissolving precursor compounds of the components for catalyst and complexing agent in water to obtain a solution, and then drying, molding and calcining the solution to obtain catalyst. The catalyst is used for gas phase oxidation of light alkenes to unsaturated aldehydes. The catalyst has high activity, selectivity and stability. The reaction condition is mild. The preparation process of the catalyst is easy to operate and can be used for mass production.

Abstract: A catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of a paraffin to form an olefin, the catalyst having a general formula MoaVbXcYdOn wherein: X=at least one of Nb and Ta; Y=at least one of Te, Sb, Ga, Pd, W, Bi and Al; a=1.0; b=0.05 to 1.0; c=0.001 to 1.0; d=0.001 to 1.0; and n is determined by the oxidation states of the other elements. The catalyst may have a selectivity to the olefin of at least 90 mole % at a paraffin conversion of at least 65%.

Abstract: A process for forming a catalyst useful for the production of an olefin from a hydrocarbon is disclosed. The process may include: admixing at least one of elemental metals and compounds to form a multi-metal composition comprising Mo, V, Nb, Te and at least one of Ni and Sb; adjusting the pH of the multi-metal composition by adding nitric acid; drying the acidified multi-metal composition; calcining the dried multi-metal composition; and grinding the calcined multi-metal composition. The ground multi-metal composition may then be sized or shaped to form a mixed metal oxide catalyst. Alternatively, the ground multi-metal composition may be treated with an acid, optionally annealed, and sized or shaped to form a mixed metal oxide catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst for synthesizing acrylonitrile that enables acrylonitrile to be synthesized at high yield, and a process for producing acrylonitrile using that catalyst, are provided. A catalyst for synthesizing acrylonitrile is used having a composition represented by FeaSbbCcDdTeeFfXxYyZzOg(SiO2)h. In the formula, component C represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni and Co, component D from the group consisting of Mo, W and V, component F from the group consisting of P and B, component X from the group consisting of Sn, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, Cr, Ru, Pd, Ag, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Ge, As, Bi, La, Ce, Pr, Nd and Sm, component Y from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Mn, Zn and Pb, and component Z from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs, and SiO2 represents silica, when a=10, b=5 to 60, c=0.1 to 8.0, d=0.1 to 4.0, e=0.1 to 5.0, f=1.3 to 5.

Abstract: A catalytic composition useful for the conversion of an olefin selected from the group consisting of propylene, isobutylene or mixtures thereof, to acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and mixtures thereof. The catalytic composition comprising a complex of metal oxides comprising bismuth, molybdenum, iron, cerium and other promoters, wherein the ratio of cerium to iron in the composition is greater than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 5.

Abstract: The invention is for a method for making a heteropoly acid compound catalyst from compounds containing molybdenum, vanadium, phosphorus, cesium, copper, bismuth, antimony and boron in which molybdenum, vanadium, phosphorus, cesium, copper, bismuth and boron are at their highest oxidation states and antimony has a 3+ oxidation state. The catalyst contains oxides of molybdenum, vanadium, phosphorus, cesium, copper, bismuth, antimony, boron and, optionally, other metals. The catalyst has the formula: Mo12VaPbCscCudBieSbfBgOx where Mo is molybdenum, V is vanadium, P is phosphorus, Cs is cesium, Cu is copper, Bi is bismuth, Sb is antimony, B is boron, O is oxygen, a is 0.01 to 5.0, b is 0.5 to 3.5, c is 0.01 to 2.0, d is 0.0-1.5, e is 0.0-2.0, f is 0.01-3.0, g is 0.0-4.0 and x satisfies the valences. Molybdenum is reduced by antimony and reoxidized during catalyst synthesis.

Abstract: Methods for preparing catalystis for exidation of unsaturated and/or saturated aldehydes to unsaturated acids is disclosed where the catalyst includes at least molybenum (Mo), phosphorus (P), vanadium (V), bismuth (Bi), where the bismuth component was dissolved in an organic acid solution prior to adding the bismuth containing solution to a solution of the other components.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a molding and a method for producing the same; a catalyst for the production of an unsaturated aldehyde and an unsaturated carboxylic acid, and a method for producing the same; and a catalyst for the production of methacrylic acid, and a method for producing the same. The molding of the present invention shows a shape including a plurality of columnar portions disposed with a predetermined gap; and bridge portions which are provided at both ends in longitudinal directions of two adjacent columnar portions and join adjacent columnar portions each other; and including through holes surrounded by a plurality of columnar portions in the longitudinal directions of the columnar portions, and openings formed on a peripheral surface by a gap between the plurality of adjacent columnar portions.

Abstract: A process for preparing annular unsupported catalysts by thermally treating annular shaped unsupported catalyst precursor bodies, wherein the side crushing strength of the annular shaped unsupported catalyst precursor bodies is ?12 N and ?23 N; such precursor bodies per se; annular unsupported catalysts having a specific pore structure; and a method of using such annular unsupported catalysts for the catalytic partial oxidative preparation in the gas phase of (meth)acrolein.

Abstract: A catalyst for synthesizing acrylonitrile that enables acrylonitrile to be synthesized at high yield, and a process for producing acrylonitrile using that catalyst, are provided. A catalyst for synthesizing acrylonitrile is used having a composition represented by FeaSbbCcDdTeeFfXxYyZzOg(SiO2)h. In the formula, component C represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni and Co, component D from the group consisting of Mo, W and V, component F from the group consisting of P and B, component X from the group consisting of Sn, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, Cr, Ru, Pd, Ag, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Ge, As, Bi, La, Ce, Pr, Nd and Sm, component Y from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Mn, Zn and Pb, and component Z from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs, and SiO2 represents silica, when a=10, b=5 to 60, c=0.1 to 8.0, d=0.1 to 4.0, e=0.1 to 5.0, f=1.3 to 5.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a quasi-crystalline boehmite containing additive in a homogeneously dispersed state. Suitable additives are compounds containing elements selected from the group of alkaline earth metals, alkaline metals, rare earth metals, transition metals, actinides, silicon, gallium, boron, titanium, and phosphorus. Said QCBs according to the invention may be prepared in several ways. In general, a quasi-crystalline boehmite precursor and an additive are converted to a quasi-crystalline boehmite containing the additive in a homogeneously dispersed state.

Abstract: A mixed metal oxide, which may be an orthorhombic phase material, is improved as a catalyst for the production of unsaturated carboxylic acids, or unsaturated nitrites, from alkanes, or mixtures of alkanes and alkenes, by: contacting with a liquid contacting member selected from the group consisting of organic acids, alcohols, inorganic acids and hydrogen peroxide to form a contact mixture; recovering insoluble material from the contact mixture; and calcining the recovered insoluble material in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: For the production of acrylonitrile by ammoxidation of propylene, there is provided a catalyst capable of giving a high yield for a long period of time. In producing acrylonitrile by ammoxidation of propylene, there is used a metal oxide as a catalyst, which metal oxide contains iron, antimony, molybdenum, bismuth, potassium, an F element, a G element, an H element and silica as essential components in a specific composition ratio, and in which metal oxide iron antimonate exists as a crystal phase, provided that the F element is at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, zinc and cadmium, the G element is at least one element selected from the group consisting of chromium, aluminum, gallium and indium, and the H element is at least one element selected from the group consisting of yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium and samarium.

Abstract: A mixed metal oxide, which may be an orthorhombic phase material, is improved as a catalyst for the production of unsaturated carboxylic acids, or unsaturated nitrites, from alkanes, or mixtures of alkanes and alkenes, by contact with a liquid contacting member selected from the group consisting of organic acids, alcohols, inorganic acids and hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: For the production of acrylonitrile by ammoxidation of propylene, there is provided a process capable of giving a high yield and maintaining such an effect for a long period of time. In producing acrylonitrile by ammoxidation of propylene, a fluidized bed catalyst is used and the reaction is carried out while appropriately adding a molybdenum-containing material, wherein the fluidized bed catalyst, in which iron antimonate exists as a crystal phase, contains molybdenum, bismuth, iron, potassium, an M component, an N component and silica as essential components, and has a number of Mo/Me of from 0.

Abstract: For the production of acrylonitrile by ammoxidation of propylene, there is provided a process capable of giving a high yield and maintaining such an effect for a long period of time. In producing acrylonitrile by ammoxidation of propylene, a fluidized bed catalyst is used and the reaction is carried out while appropriately adding a molybdenum-containing material, wherein the fluidized bed catalyst contains molybdenum, bismuth, iron, nickel, chromium, potassium, an F component and silica as essential components, and has a number of Mo/Me of from 0.8 to 1, wherein the Mo/Me is a number obtained by dividing the product 20 of a valence number of molybdenum as molybdic acid and an atomic ratio of molybdenum by the sum of respective products of respective valence numbers and atomic ratios of bismuth, iron, nickel, chromium, potassium, the F component element, a G component element and a Y component element.

Abstract: A modified carrier carrying on at least a part of an inert carrier surface an oxide which is represented by the formula (1): XaYbZcOd (wherein X is at least an element selected from alkaline earth metals; Y is at least an element selected from Si, Al, Ti and Zr; Z is at least an element selected from Group IA elements and Group IIIb elements of the periodic table, B, Fe, Bi, Co, Ni and Mn; and O is oxygen; a, b, c and d denote the atomic ratios of X, Y, Z and O, respectively, where a=1, 0<b≦100, 0≦c≦10, and d is a numerical value determined by the extents of oxidation of the other elements) is provided. A catalyst formed with the use of this modified carrier carrying a complex oxide containing Mo and V is useful as a vapor phase catalytic oxidation catalyst, and is particularly suitable as a catalyst for preparing acrylic acid through vapor phase catalytic oxidation of acrolein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing an oxide catalyst comprising, as component elements, molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), at least one element selected from the group consisting of the two elements of antimony (Sb) and tellurium (Te), and niobium (Nb), wherein the process comprises providing an aqueous raw material mixture containing compounds of the component elements of the oxide catalyst, and drying the aqueous raw material mixture, followed by calcination, and wherein, in the aqueous raw material mixture, at least a part of the niobium compound as one of the compounds of the component elements is present in the form of a complex thereof with a complexing agent comprising a compound having a hydroxyl group bonded to an oxygen atom or a carbon atom. Also disclosed is a process for producing (meth)acrylonitrile or (meth)acrylic acid, which comprises performing the ammoxidation or oxidation of propane or isobutane in the gaseous phase in the presence of the oxide catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst composition represented by the following empirical formula which is useful in production of unsaturated nitrites by ammoxidation: Mo10BiaFebSbcNidCreFfGgHhKkXxYyOi(SiO2)j wherein F represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of zirconium, lanthanum and cerium, G represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, cobalt, manganese and zinc, H represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of vanadium, niobium, tantalum and tungsten, x represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, boron, and tellurium, Y represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, rubidium and cesium, the suffixes a-k, x and y represent a ratio of atoms or atomic groups, and a=0.1-3, b=0.3-15, c=0-20, d=3-8, e=0.2-2, f=0.05-1, e/f>1, g=0-5, h=0-3, k=0.

Abstract: As an improvement in the process for preparing unsaturated aldehydes and unsaturated carboxylic acids through vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of at least one starting compound selected from propylene, isobutylene, t-butanol and methyl-t-butyl ether with molecular oxygen or a molecular oxygen-containing gas, using a fixed bed shell-and-tube type reactor which is filled with shaped catalysts, a process capable of effectively inhibiting occurrence of hot spots or excessive heat generation at the hot spots and producing unsaturated aldehydes and unsaturated carboxylic acids at high yields is provided.

Abstract: The invention concerns a catalyst for hydrorefining and hydroconverting hydrocarbon feeds, comprising a mixed sulphide comprising at least two elements selected from elements with an atomic number selected from the group formed by the following numbers: 3, 11, 12, 19 to 33, 37, to 51, 55 to 83, 87 to 103, characterized in that the mixed sulphide results from a combination of at least one element the sulphide of which has a bond energy between the metal and sulphur of less than 50.+-.3 kcal/mol (209.+-.12 kJ/mol) and at least one element the sulphide of which has a bond energy between the metal and sulphur of more than 50.+-.3 kcal/mol (209.+-.12 kJ/mol), the mixed sulphide thus having a mean bond energy between the metal and sulphur which is in the range 30 to 70 kcal/mol (125 to 293 kJ/mol).

Abstract: A high heat-resistant catalyst support comprises an amorphous composite oxide which is constituted by:(i) an NOx storage component comprising an oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals and rare-earth elements,(ii) alumina (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3); and(iii) at least one element selected from the group consisting of titania (TiO.sub.2), zirconia (ZrO.sub.2) and silica (SiO.sub.2).Furthermore, TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2 are acidic, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2 is highly dispersed to form composite. So, SOx having acidity is prevented from approaching the NOx storage component, and sulfur poisoning is prevented. Moreover, bonding force of the NOx storage component to the catalyst support strengthens, and the NOx storage component is prevented from being scattered.

Abstract: This invention includes catalysts comprising rhenium (atomic number 75), nickel, cobalt, boron and copper and/or ruthenium impregnated on a support material and a process for preparing said catalyst, said process comprising (i) impregnating a mixture of metals comprising rhenium, cobalt, copper and/or ruthenium, boron and nickel on a support material selected from the group consisting of alpha-alumina, silica, silica-alumina, kieselguhrs or diatomaceous earths, and silica-titanias; and (ii) activating said catalyst by heating the catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at an effective temperature preferably in the range of about 150.degree. C. to about 500.degree. C. for a sufficient period preferably of from about 30 minutes to about 6 hours.

Abstract: Cesium based multimetal oxide compositions which are suitable as catalysts for the gas-phase-catalytic oxidative preparation of methacrolein from isobutene or tert-butanol or its methyl ether. The catalysts are characterized by increased selectivity for the formation of methacrolein. The catalysts have locally delimited regions of an oxide composition, preferably (Bi.sub.2 W.sub.2 O.sub.9), surrounded by the remaining constituents of the multimetal oxide.

Abstract: A carrier-supported catalyst for the synthesis of unsaturated aldehydes and unsaturated carboxylic acids, comprising a catalyst active substance comprising at least molybdenum and bismuth as its components, glass fiber having an average diameter in a range of more than 5 .mu.m and not more than 200 .mu.m and an average length in a range of from 50 .mu.m to 1 mm, which is used as a carrier assistant in an amount of 0.5-50% by weight based on the catalyst active substance, and a carrier. The carrier-supported catalyst of this invention suffers no release or fall-off of the catalyst active substance from the carrier even if the catalyst supporting rate is increased. It also has high mechanical strength and is helpful for providing the objective product in a high yield.

Abstract: For providing a molded catalyst or a supported catalyst which has an excellent mechanical strength and is intended for producing methacrolein and methacrylic acid from isobutylene or tertiary butanol, the surface of a molded catalyst or a supported catalyst which contains molybdenum, bismuth and iron is coated with one or more highly depolymerizable organic high-molecular weight compounds.When used, the catalyst is packed into a reactor and then heated to remove the organic high-molecular weight compound(s) by depolymerization.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the activity of a catalyst for the hydroprocessing of hydrocarbons, comprising:(a) applying a modifying element dissolved in a solvent onto the surface of a finished catalyst;(b) drying said modified finished catalyst to remove all free solvent from said catalyst;(c) optionally, heating said dried, modified finished finished catalyst at a temperature of about 120.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. at a rate of 1.degree.-20.degree. C. per minute, and holding said dried catalyst at a temperature of about 120.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. up to 48 hours to provide an enhanced finished catalyst; and(d) recovering said enhanced finished catalyst.

Abstract: When a catalyst for producing methacrylic acid is prepared by shaping a catalyst component represented by the general formula P.sub.a Mo.sub.b V.sub.c X.sub.d Y.sub.e Z.sub.f O.sub.g wherein P, Mo, V, X, Y, Z, a, b, c, d, e, f and g are as defined in the specification, a catalyst capable of giving methacrylic acid in high yield is provided by adding one or more organic high-molecular weight compounds with an average particle size of 0.01-10 .mu.m, and carrying out heat treatment before use as a catalyst.

Abstract: A substantially amorphous, aluminum-containing oxide having the composition Al.sub.1-x-y1-y2 Bi.sub.x M.sub.1y1 O.sub.z (wherein x is defined by 0.0001.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.10, M.sub.1 is at least one selected from Si, P, B, Sb, Se, Te, Sn, Zn, In, Cr, Nb, Sc, Y, Sr, Ba, Ca, Na, Li, Mg, Mn, W, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be and rare earth metals, M.sub.2 is at least one selected from Fe, Ni, Co, Rh, Ru, Re, Cu and Pb, y1 is defined by 0.ltoreq.y1.ltoreq.0.1, y2 is defined by 0.ltoreq.y2.ltoreq.0.01, z is defined by 1.2.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.1.5, and x, y1, y2 and z are each an atomic ratio); an aluminum-containing metal composition containing the above oxide and Al and/or Bi in a metallic state; a process for producing the above oxide or the above metal composition; and a molded article formed from the above oxide or the above metal composition. The above oxide or the above metal composition is useful as an electronic part, a catalyst, and the like.

Abstract: Multimetal oxide compositions of the formula I[X.sup.1.sub.a X.sup.2.sub.b O.sub.x ].sub.p [X.sup.3.sub.c X.sup.4.sub.d X.sup.5.sub.e X.sup.6.sub.f X.sup.7.sub.g X.sup.2.sub.h O.sub.y ].sub.q(I)whereX.sup.1 is bismuth, tellurium, antimony, tin and/or copper,X.sup.2 is molybdenum and/or tungsten,X.sup.3 is an alkali metal, thallium and/or samarium,X.sup.4 is an alkaline earth metal, nickel, cobalt, copper, manganese, zinc, tin, cadmium and/or mercury,X.sup.5 is iron, chromium, cerium and/or vanadium,X.sup.6 is phosphorus, arsenic, boron and/or antimony,X.sup.7 is a rare-earth metal, titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, rhenium, ruthenium, rhodium, silver, gold, aluminum, gallium, indium, silicon, germanium, lead, thorium and/or uranium,a is from 0.01 to 8,b is from 0.

Abstract: Compositions comprising certain metal-containing materials distributed interactively on a deboronated HAMS-1B crystalline borosilicate molecular sieve which are useful for catalytically oxidizing or oxidatively dehydrogenating organic compounds such as alkanes, aromatics, and alkyl-substituted aromatics are described. Alkanes are oxidatively dehydrogenated to olefins, and an aromatic compound such as benzene can be oxidized by nitric and/or nitrous oxide to largely phenol or largely nitrobenzene depending upon the oxidation temperature. When the compound is a methylaromatic, oxidation produces an aromatic aldehyde. Alkyl groups larger than methyl oxidatively dehydrogenate to alkenyl groups.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst used for production of methacrolein and methacrylic acid by vapor phase oxidation of isobutylene or tertiary butanol includes adding an organic high-molecular weight compound having an average particle size of 0.01 .mu.m to 10 .mu.m, especially polymethyl methacrylate and/or polystyrene, to a MoBiFeCoNi-based catalyst, then molding the mixture and heat treating the molded product.

Abstract: Catalyst compositions well adopted for the oxidation of olefins into .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehydes, e.g., for the oxidation of propylene into acrolein, comprise a particulate support substrate uniformly coated with 15% to 33% by weight of an adherent layer of a catalytically active phase, such support substrate comprising inert and solid spheres having a diameter ranging from 0.5 to 6 mm, such catalytically active phase comprising a catalytically effective amount of bismuth and iron molybdate, dopant amounts of phosphorus and potassium and, optionally, at least one other catalytically active metal or non-metal, and the phosphorus and the potassium each being present in such catalytically active phase in an atomic quantity ranging from 0.005 to 0.06 per 12 atoms of molybdenum, or of molybdenum plus any tungsten therein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fluidized-bed catalyst for propylene ammoxidation to produce acrylonitrile, which consists of silica support and a composite of the formulaA.sub.a B.sub.b C.sub.c Ni.sub.d Co.sub.e Na.sub.f Fe.sub.g Bi.sub.h M.sub.i Mo.sub.j O.sub.xwherein A is potassium, rubidium, cesium samarium, thallium, or mixture thereof; B is manganese, magnesium, strontium, calcium, barium, lanthanum, rare earth, or mixture thereof; C is phosphorus, arsenic, boron, antimony, chromium, or mixture thereof; M is tungsten, vanadium, or mixture thereof. The catalyst of the present invention is highly active and selective for preparing acrylonitrile, more specifically, is suitable for catalyzing the reaction between air and propylene at a rather low ratio hence to greatly enlarge the processing capacity of the reactor. By using the catalyst of the present invention, the processing capacity of the reactor increases by 10-15 percent compared with that using conventional catalysts.

Abstract: Catalysts having the general formula:V.sub.1 Bi.sub.a Sb.sub.b Fe.sub.c X.sub.d Y.sub.c Z.sub.f O.sub.gwherein,X=Mo, Cu, W, Nb, Te, P, Sn, Ge, AsY=Co, Ni, Ce, La, Mn, CrZ=Alkali, alkaline earth, B, Tl and,a=0.1-10,b=0.01-20,c=0.01-5,d=0-5,e=o-3,f=0-1, and g is determined by the valance requirements of the elements present,are produced by first forming and calcining an iron-antimony oxide composition which is subsequently combined with compounds of vanadium, bismuth and other elements. The catalysts are useful in the formation of phthalonitriles from the reaction of xylenes with oxygen and ammonia at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A supplementary catalyst for long term maintaining the activity of the fluidized bed catalysts for ammoxidation of propylene to produce acrylonitrile. Particularly, the present invention provides a supplementary catalyst for compensating for the loss of the fluidized bed catalyst caused by the volatilization of molybdenum and loss of fine particles during operation. By adopting the supplementary catalyst, the life-time of the fluidized bed catalysts for ammoxidation of propylene to produce acrylonitrile in fluidized bed reactors can be increased from 1-1.5 years to 4 or more than 4 years.

Abstract: Compositions of the formula IMO.sub.12 P.sub.a V.sub.b X.sup.1.sub.c X.sup.2.sub.d X.sup.3.sub.e Sb.sub.f Re.sub.g S.sub.h O.sub.n (I)whereX.sup.1 is potassium, rubidium and/or cesium,X.sup.2 is copper and/or silver,X.sup.3 is cerium, boron, zirconium, manganese and/or bismuth,a is from 0.5 to 3.0,b is from 0.01 to 3.0,c is from 0.2 to 3.0,d is from 0.01 to 2.0,e is from 0 to 2.0,f is from 0.01 to 2.0,g is from 0 to 1.0,h is from 0.001 to 0.5 andn is a number determined by the valency and content ofthe elements different from oxygen in I, are used as catalysts for preparing methacrylic acid by gas-phase oxidation of methacrolein.

Abstract: A method for preparing a multicomponent catalyst including molybdenum, bismuth, iron and cesium or thallium for producing methacrolein and methacrylic acid by the gas-phase catalytic oxidation of isobutylene or tert-butanol with molecular oxygen, wherein an aqueous nitric acid solution containing 0.01 to 0.36 mole of nitric acid per mole of ammonium molybdate, which is a material for the molybdenum component of the catalyst, and at least one material for the bismuth, iron, cesium and thallium components of the catalyst is added to an aqueous solution containing ammonium molybdate and materials for the remaining catalyst components, if any, to obtain a slurry which is then dried and calcined, provided that the nitric acid excludes nitric acid radicals contained in the materials containing the catalyst components. The amount of nitric acid used is controlled in a particular range, so that a highly active catalyst for gas-phase catalytic oxidation is obtained.

Abstract: Olefins such as propylene and isobutylene are converted to the corresponding unsaturated nitriles, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile, respectively, by reacting a mixture of the olefin, ammonia, and molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst containing the oxides of molybdenum, bismuth, iron, cobalt, nickel, and chromium, and either phosphorus or antimony or mixtures thereof, and an alkali metal or mixture thereof, and optionally one element selected from the group of an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, niobium, thallium, arsenic, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, vanadium, boron, calcium, tin, germanium, manganese, tungsten, tellurium, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An iron-antimony-molybdenum-containing oxide catalyst composition for oxidation reactions, comprising a crystalline iron antimonate having a crystallite size of 100 .ANG. or more, said catalyst being represented by the following empirical formula:Fe.sub.a Sb.sub.b Mo.sub.c L.sub.d K.sub.e M.sub.m N.sub.n Q.sub.q R.sub.r T.sub.t O.sub.

Abstract: A process for preparing a multi-component catalyst for producing methacrylic acid, containing phosphorus, molybdenum and vanadium, comprising mixing oxides of molybdenum and vanadium, water and materials for the other catalyst-constituting elements except potassium, rubidium, cesium and thallium to prepare a mixed solution, heating and reacting the mixed solution at 85.degree. C. or more for 1 to 10 hours, then cooling the mixed solution to 80.degree. C. or less, adding thereto a material for at least one element component selected from the group consisting of potassium, rubidium, cesium and thallium, adding further thereto at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ammonium nitrate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogencarbonate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium hydrogensulfate with the temperature of the mixed solution kept at 80.degree. C. or less, then removing water therefrom and heat-treating the residual product.

Abstract: A process for preparing a multi-component catalyst for producing methacrylic acid containing phosphorus, molybdenum and vanadium comprising using in preparing the catalyst, at least one number selected from the group consisting of the oxide, carbonates, acetates and hydroxides of each catalyst-constituting element as a source of the element; dissolving or dispersing the selected sources of the catalyst-constituting elements in water; adding at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen-carbonate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium hydrogen-sulfate to the resulting aqueous solution or dispersion; removing water therefrom and then heat-treating the residual product.

Abstract: In a process for preparing a catalyst for producing methacrylic acid represented by the formula,P.sub.a Mo.sub.b V.sub.c Cu.sub.d Bi.sub.e X.sub.f Y.sub.g O.sub.hwherein P, Mo, V, Cu, Bi and O are phosphorus, molybdenum, vanadium, copper, bismuth and oxygen, respectively, X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of potassium, rubidium, cesium and thallium, Y is at least one element selected from the group consisting of antimony, zinc, iron, cerium, magnesium, chromium, indium, tellurium, manganese, tin, germanium, arsenic, boron, silicon, selenium, zirconium, silver, tantalum and tungsten, a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h are an atomic ratio of each element, and when b is 12, a is 0.1 to 3, c is 0.01 to 2, d is 0.01 to 2, e is 0.05 to 1, f is 0.01 to 2 and g is 0.

Abstract: In a process for producing a catalyst having a composition represented by the following formula usable to produce methacrylic acid by the gas-phase catalytic oxidation of methacrolein with molecular oxygen,P.sub.a Mo.sub.b Cu.sub.c V.sub.d X.sub.e Y.sub.f Z.sub.g O.sub.hwherein P, Mo, Cu, V and O are phosphorus, molybdenum, copper, vanadium and oxygen, respectively, X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, germanium, zirconium, tellurium and silver, Y is at least one element selected from the group consisting of iron, zinc, chromium, magnesium, tantalum, manganese, barium, boron, gallium, cerium and lanthanum, Z is at least one element selected from the group consisting of potassium, rubidium, cesium and thallium, a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h are an atomic ratio of each element, and when b is 12, a is 0.5 to 3, c is 0.01 to 2, d is 0.01 to 3, e is 0.01 to 3, f is 0 to 3, g is 0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making an .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated monoitrile by the catalytic reaction of a paraffin containing 3-5 carbon atoms with molecular oxygen and ammonia by catalytic contact of the foregoing reactants in a reaction zone with a metal oxide catalyst containing the elements indicated by the empirical formula,V.sub.v A.sub.a D.sub.d Sn.sub.m Sb.sub.n Cu.sub.c O.sub.x (formula 1)in the relative atomic proportions indicated by the subscripts, whereA is selected from Te and BiD is one or more optional elements selected from Mo, W, Ti, Ge, Ce, La, Cr, Mn, Mg, Ca, Co, Ni, Fe, Nb, Ta, Ag, Zn, Cd, B, P, Na, K and Cs, anda is 0.001 to 30d is zero to 30c is 0.001 to 30m is 0.1 to 60n is 0.1 to 60n/v is>12 and<100m+n is.gtoreq.v+a+c+d, andx is determined by the valence requirements of the elements present, andwherein the reactants fed to the reaction zone contain a mole ratio of said paraffin:NH.sub.3 in the range from 2 to 16 and a mole ratio of said paraffin:O.sub.