Abstract: An apparatus pyrolyzes waste plastics into fuel. The apparatus categorizes the waste plastic, and processes the categorized waste plastic to obtain kerosene, diesel fuel, gasoline etc. The apparatus includes a first heat exchange tank, a rough fuel storage tank, a second heat exchange tank, a diesel storage tank, and a kerosene storage tank. Combustible gas is extracted from the tanks via outlets thereof and stored in a gas storage tank. The combustible gas stored in the gas storage tank is fed into a combustion chamber of a pyrolysis furnace of the apparatus. A fuel-water separate tank is connected to the bottom of the rough fuel storage tank to separate fuel from water. The separated fuel is recycled into the combustion chamber to be burned again. Recycled paper with residual plastic films thereon has to be compressed into grains to facilitate a feeding operation.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor including a reaction vessel, which contains a conical gas distribution grid, a first venturi connected to the bottom of the gas distribution grid, and a classifier connected to the bottom of the first venturi; a fine ash particle collection system; and a fine ash particle conveyor system. Also disclosed is a method for recycling fine ash particles, the method including separating the fine ash particles from an exit gas stream, and using a transport gas to deliver the fine ash particles into the classifier.

Abstract: Known methods for hydrothermal carbonization are very time-intensive, as the carbonization reaction only proceeds gradually in the biomass used therefore. This is because of the different reaction conditions prevailing in different parts of the biomass. These also cause an inhomogeneous reaction product. The object of the invention is both to accelerate the method and to improve the result. This is achieved by swirling the biomass inside the available reaction space with the aid of blower nozzles, which blow in the steam at a high speed so that the biomass is swirled. This ensures that the carbonization reaction can proceed uniformly and promptly after the biomass is introduced.

Abstract: A plant for producing char and fuel gas includes a fluidized bed reactor having a first inlet in a lower region of the fluidized bed reactor configured to supply a primary fluidizing gas, a second inlet disposed above the first inlet and configured to supply a secondary gas, and a third inlet configured to supply dried and crushed coal. A further reactor is configured to perform a further process, the further reactor being directly connected to the fluidized bed reactor via a first conduit. A pneumatic injection and/or transportation system is disposed between the fluidized bed reactor and the further reactor. The first inlet is connected to a first supply of a first gas having an oxygen content which is smaller than a second supply of an oxygen enriched second gas connected to the second inlet.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method involving the steps of: (a) precipitating an amount of polyaromatic compounds from a liquid sample of a first hydrocarbon-containing feedstock having solvated polyaromatic compounds therein with one or more first solvents in a column; (b) determining one or more solubility characteristics of the precipitated polyaromatic compounds; (c) analyzing the one or more solubility characteristics of the precipitated polyaromatic compounds; and (d) correlating a measurement of catalyst activity performance for the first hydrocarbon-containing feedstock sample with a mathematical parameter derived from the results of analyzing the one or more solubility characteristics of the precipitated polyaromatic compounds to predict catalyst performance of a catalyst in a refinery operation of the hydrocarbon-containing feedstock.

Abstract: A regenerated exhaust gas treatment catalyst regenerated by: a used catalyst coarse grinding step (S1) for coarsely grinding a used exhaust gas treatment catalyst; a separation step (S2) separating a coarsely ground material into coarse pieces and a fine powder; a used catalyst fine grinding step (S3); steps (S4) to (S7) for kneading the fine powder together with other raw materials, molding a kneaded material, and drying and burning a molded material to produce a base material; a fresh catalyst grinding step (S8); a slurry formation step (S9); a slurry coating step (S10) coating the surface of the base material with the slurry solution; and a coating drying step (S11) and a coating burning step (S12) for drying the base material that has been coated with the slurry solution and burning the base material at a temperature higher than that employed in the production of the exhaust gas treatment catalyst.

Abstract: A regenerated exhaust gas treatment catalyst (17) can be produced by coarsely grinding a used exhaust gas treatment catalyst (11); separating a coarsely ground material into coarse pieces (12) and a fine powder (13); finely grinding the coarse pieces (12); kneading the fine powder together with other raw materials, molding a kneaded material, and drying and burning a molded material to produce a base material (14); grinding a fresh exhaust gas treatment catalyst (15); forming a slurry solution of the ground product of the fresh exhaust gas treatment catalyst (15); coating the surface of the base material (14) with the slurry solution (16); and drying the base material (14) that has been coated with the slurry solution (16) and burning the base material (14) at a temperature higher than the burning temperature employed in the production of the exhaust gas treatment catalyst (15).

Abstract: Provided is a method of regenerating an exhaust gas treatment catalyst 11 having ash adhered to a surface thereof. The method includes a crushing step S1 in which the exhaust gas treatment catalyst 11 is crushed such that 70 to 95 wt % of the whole exhaust gas treatment catalyst 11 becomes coarse pieces 12 having a size exceeding a threshold size S (any value in a range of 0.105 to 1.0 mm); a separating step S2 in which the fragments obtained by crushing the exhaust gas treatment catalyst 11 are separated into the coarse pieces 12 having a size exceeding threshold size S and fine particles 13 having a size not larger than the threshold size S; a pulverizing step S3 in which the coarse pieces 12 thus separated are pulverized to a fine powder having an average particle diameter of not larger than 0.

Abstract: A method of recovering unsupported fine catalyst from heavy oil comprises combining a slurry comprising unsupported fine catalyst in heavy oil with solvent to form a combined slurry-solvent stream. The combined slurry-solvent stream is filtered in a deoiling zone. A stream comprising unsupported fine catalyst and solvent is recovered from the deoiling zone. Unsupported fine catalyst is separated from the stream comprising unsupported fine catalyst and solvent. Filtering in the deoiling zone can comprise filtering the slurry and solvent through a cross-flow microfiltration unit, recovering a retentate stream of the cross-flow microfiltration unit, combining the retentate stream of the cross-flow microfiltration unit with solvent to form a combined retentate-solvent stream, and filtering the combined retentate-solvent stream through a cross-flow microfiltration unit.

Abstract: A method of recovering unsupported fine catalyst from heavy oil comprises combining a slurry comprising unsupported fine catalyst in heavy oil with solvent to form a combined slurry-solvent stream. The combined slurry-solvent stream is filtered in a deoiling zone. A stream comprising unsupported fine catalyst and solvent is recovered from the deoiling zone. Unsupported fine catalyst is separated from the stream comprising unsupported fine catalyst and solvent. The deoiling zone can comprise a membrane that is rapidly displaced in a horizontal direction.

Abstract: A process and device for the regeneration of catalyst is presented. The device includes a series of grids within a regeneration vessel, where each grid includes small openings for the passage of gas, and larger openings for the passage of catalyst. The grids span horizontally across the vessel, and are spaced vertically apart to create a flow of catalyst down through the regenerator.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes in which precipitation permits removal of metal halides (e.g. AlCl3) from ionic liquids. After precipitation, the precipitated metal halides can be physically separated from the bulk ionic liquid. More effective precipitation can be achieved through cooling or the combination of cooling and the provision of metal halide seed crystals. The ionic liquids can be regenerated ionic liquid catalysts, which contain excess metal halides after regeneration. Upon removal of the excess metal halides, they can be reused in processes using ionic liquid catalysts, such as alkylation processes.

Abstract: A method of preparing a spray dried catalyst by combining spray dried catalyst particles with wax so the spray dried catalyst particles are coated with wax, yielding wax coated catalyst particles, and shaping the wax coated catalyst to provide shaped wax coated catalyst. A method of activating Fischer-Tropsch catalyst particles containing oxides by contacting the catalyst particles with a reducing gas in an activation vessel to produce an activated catalyst, wherein contacting is performed in the absence of a liquid medium under activation conditions. A system for activating a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst containing an activation reactor configured to introduce an activation gas to a fixed or fluidized bed of the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst in the absence of a liquid medium and at least one separation device configured to separate a gas stream comprising entrained catalyst fines having an average particle size below a desired cutoff size from the activation reactor.

Abstract: This invention provides for a method of making a spray-dried catalyst composition for use in any hydrocarbon conversion process. The particle size of the components is adjusted to improve the functionality of the catalyst for specific reactions. This invention also provides for a composite catalyst composition for use in any hydrocarbon conversion process that is dependent on the particle size.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst distributor and process for spreading catalyst over a regenerator vessel. Nozzles disposed angular to a header of the distributor spread catalyst throughout a full cross section of the catalyst bed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of conditioning suspended catalysts, wherein at least part of the catalyst-comprising reaction medium is taken from one or more reactors and the suspended, at least partially inactivated catalysts are separated off and purified by means of at least one membrane filtration, with at least one of the membrane filtrations being carried out as a diafiltration.

Abstract: Provided is a process for safely transporting or recycling an ionic liquid catalyst based on chloroaluminates. The process comprises mixing a secondary alcohol with an ionic liquid based on a chloroaluminate and allowing a reaction to occur forming an aluminum chloride adduct precipitate. The precipitate is filtered and the secondary alcohol removed, leaving a solid salt. This solid salt is the ionic liquid catalyst absent aluminum chloride, for example, Nbutylpyridinium chloride. This salt is recycled to the reactor. AlCl3 is added to the salt prior to introduction into the reactor to remake the ionic liquid catalyst, for example, Nbutylpyridinium heptachloroaluminate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for separating and disposing of catalyst in an oxygenate to olefins reaction system. Oxygenates are converted to olefins in a reactor in the presence of a catalyst having carbonaceous deposits, then effluent stream comprising the olefins is removed from the reactor. This effluent stream is entrained with a portion of the catalyst having carbonaceous deposits. The catalyst is separated from the effluent stream by contacting the effluent stream with a neutralized liquid quench medium to produce a catalyst containing stream. The carbonaceous deposits are incinerated and then the catalyst is recirculated to the reactor.

Abstract: Processes are described for the extraction and recovery of alkali metal from the char that results from catalytic gasification of a carbonaceous material. Among other steps, the processes of the invention include a hydrothermal leaching step in which a slurry of insoluble particulate comprising insoluble alkali metal compounds is treated with carbon dioxide and steam at elevated temperatures and pressures to effect the conversion of insoluble alkali metal compounds to soluble alkali metal compounds. Further, processes are described for the catalytic gasification of a carbonaceous material where a substantial portion of alkali metal is extracted and recovered from the char that results from the catalytic gasification process.

Abstract: Processes are described for the extraction and recovery of alkali metal from the char that results from catalytic gasification of a carbonaceous material. Among other steps, the processes of the invention include a hydrothermal leaching step in which a slurry of insoluble particulate comprising insoluble alkali metal compounds is treated with carbon dioxide and steam at elevated temperatures and pressures to effect the conversion of insoluble alkali metal compounds to soluble alkali metal compounds. Further, processes are described for the catalytic gasification of a carbonaceous material where a substantial portion of alkali metal is extracted and recovered from the char that results from the catalytic gasification process.

Abstract: Provided is a method of regenerating an exhaust gas treatment catalyst 11 having ash adhered to a surface thereof. The method includes a crushing step S1 in which the exhaust gas treatment catalyst 11 is crushed such that 70 to 95 wt % of the whole exhaust gas treatment catalyst 11 becomes coarse pieces 12 having a size exceeding a threshold size S (any value in a range of 0.105 to 1.0 mm); a separating step S2 in which the fragments obtained by crushing the exhaust gas treatment catalyst 11 are separated into the coarse pieces 12 having a size exceeding threshold size S and fine particles 13 having a size not larger than the threshold size S; a pulverizing step S3 in which the coarse pieces 12 thus separated are pulverized to a fine powder having an average particle diameter of not larger than 0.

Abstract: A process for converting fine catalyst slurried in heavy oil into a coke-like material from which catalytic metals can be recovered comprises mixing fine catalyst slurried in heavy oil with solvent, which causes asphaltenes in the heavy oil to precipitate from the heavy oil; separating fine catalyst and precipitated asphaltenes from the heavy oil and solvent; and converting precipitated asphaltenes to a coke-like material by pyrolizing fine catalyst and precipitated asphaltenes separated from the heavy oil.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst distributor and process for spreading catalyst over a regenerator vessel. Nozzles disposed angular to a header of the distributor spread catalyst throughout a full cross section of the catalyst bed.

Abstract: A process for recovering catalytic metals from fine catalyst slurried in heavy oil comprises pyrolizing fine catalyst slurried in heavy oil to provide one or more lighter oil products and a coke-like material and recovering catalytic metals from the coke-like material.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes in which precipitation permits removal of metal halides (e.g. AlCl3) from ionic liquids. After precipitation, the precipitated metal halides can be physically separated from the bulk ionic liquid. More effective precipitation can be achieved through cooling or the combination of cooling and the provision of metal halide seed crystals. The ionic liquids can be regenerated ionic liquid catalysts, which contain excess metal halides after regeneration. Upon removal of the excess metal halides, they can be reused in processes using ionic liquid catalysts, such as alkylation processes.

Abstract: The microwave spent catalyst decoking method is a method for regenerating petrochemical catalysts by removing coke deposited in the catalyst using a 2.45 GHz microwave oven. The spent catalyst is heated in air or pure oxygen in the presence of a susceptor. The susceptor is made of silicon carbide-based composite material that absorbs 2.45 GHz microwave energy fast and efficiently. In one embodiment, the susceptor material is formed into pellets that are preferably four to five millimeters in diameter. The susceptor pellets are mixed with the spent catalyst and loaded into a thermally shielded refractory tube that rotates about its central axis. In a another embodiment, the apparatus is a thermally shielded tower or vertical tube made of refractory material that is transparent to microwave radiation and supports rows of susceptor rods that are aligned horizontally.

Abstract: A solid catalyst used in, for example, production of a perfluoroalkyl iodide telomer is effectively and continuously recovered and the recovered catalyst is continuously recycled to the reactor for reuse. A slurry containing a reaction product and the catalyst is drawn from the reaction system, and the catalyst in the drawn slurry is classified by means of a hydrocyclone, whereby a high-concentration slurry whose catalyst concentration is higher than that of the drawn slurry and a low-concentration slurry whose catalyst concentration is lower than that of the drawn slurry are obtained, and the high-concentration slurry is recycled to the reaction system.

Abstract: A method for recovering a catalyst for a fuel cell includes a collection step in which a catalyst is collected by attracting, using a magnetic force, a magnetic material contained in at least one of the catalyst and a carrier on which the catalyst is supported. A system for recovering a catalyst for a fuel cell includes a collection device that attracts, using a magnetic force, a magnetic material contained in at least one of a catalyst and a carrier on which the catalyst is supported.

Abstract: A method of recovering unsupported fine catalyst from heavy oil comprises combining a slurry comprising unsupported fine catalyst in heavy oil with solvent to form a combined slurry-solvent stream. The combined slurry-solvent stream is filtered in a deoiling zone. A stream comprising unsupported fine catalyst and solvent is recovered from the deoiling zone. Unsupported fine catalyst is separated from the stream comprising unsupported fine catalyst and solvent. Filtering in the deoiling zone can comprise filtering the slurry and solvent through a cross-flow microfiltration unit, recovering a retentate stream of the cross-flow microfiltration unit, combining the retentate stream of the cross-flow microfiltration unit with solvent to form a combined retentate-solvent stream, and filtering the combined retentate-solvent stream through a cross-flow microfiltration unit.

Abstract: High-power inductively coupled plasma technology is used for thermal cracking and vaporization of continuously fed carbonaceous materials into elemental carbon, for reaction with separate and continuously fed metal catalysts inside a gas-phase high-temperature reactor system operating at or slightly below atmospheric pressures. In one particularly preferred embodiment, in-flight growth of carbon nanomaterials is initiated, continued, and controlled at high flow rates, enabling continuous collection and product removal via gas/solid filtration and separation methods, and/or liquid spray filtration and solid collection methods suitable for producing industrial-scale production quantities. In another embodiment, the reaction chamber and/or filtration/separation media include non-catalytic or catalytic metals to simultaneously or separately induce on-substrate synthesis and growth of carbon nanomaterials.

Abstract: An object is to efficiently separate catalyst grains from substantially inert grains and, optionally, separate a plurality of catalyst grains from one another, to thereby efficiently perform catalyst regeneration. After taking a catalyst-containing component containing a solid catalyst component deteriorated in a reaction, out of a fixed-bed reactor, the solid catalyst component is regenerated. If a plurality of components having different shapes from one another are contained as the solid catalyst components, after taking-out step, catalyst component separation step for separating such solid catalyst components from one another is performed and, then, the solid catalyst components are regenerated. Further, if an inert component is contained as the catalyst-containing component, after the taking-out step, an inert component separation step for separating the inert component is performed and then the solid catalyst component is regenerated.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optimized process and apparatus for more efficiently and economically carrying out the liquid-phase oxidation of an oxidizable compound. Such liquid-phase oxidation is carried out in a bubble column reactor that provides for a highly efficient reaction at relatively low temperatures. When the oxidized compound is para-xylene and the product from the oxidation reaction is crude terephthalic acid (CTA), such CTA product can be purified and separated by more economical techniques than could be employed if the CTA were formed by a conventional high-temperature oxidation process.

Abstract: Improved processing of spent catalyst from an oxygenate-containing feedstock to olefins conversion process is realized through the employment of a barrier filter to treat a catalyst particle-containing flue gas resulting from a catalyst regenerator. The barrier filter serves to separate the catalyst particles from the flue gas. Catalyst material so recovered can, with or without classifying, subsequently be appropriately recycled and further used.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for separating and disposing of catalyst in an oxygenate to olefins reaction system. Oxygenates are converted to olefins in a reactor in the presence of a catalyst having carbonaceous deposits, then effluent stream comprising the olefins is removed from the reactor. This effluent stream is entrained with a portion of the catalyst having carbonaceous deposits. The catalyst is separated from the effluent stream by contacting the effluent stream with a neutralized liquid quench medium to produce a catalyst containing stream. Then, the catalyst is recirculated to the reactor with catalyst fines removed for disposal.

Abstract: A heavy oil is hydrorefined using a hydrorefining catalyst. A spent hydrorefining catalyst whose activity has decreased is heat treated (S1) and pulverized to obtained a regenerated powder (S2). This regenerated powder is fractionated according to its metal content (S3), formed (S6), dried (S7), and calcined (S7) to manufacture a regenerated catalyst whose volume of pores with a diameter of 50 to 2000 nm is at least 0.2 ml/g, and whose volume of pores with a diameter over 2000 nm is no more than 0.1 mL/g. Using this regenerated catalyst, a heavy oil containing at least 45 wt ppm vanadium and nickel as combined metal elements is hydrodemetalized, and the vanadium and nickel are recovered from the used regenerated catalyst (SS1). Through hydrorefining, the metal components are recovered more efficiently, and the spent catalyst can be reused to manufacture a regenerated catalyst that exhibits high reaction, activity.

Abstract: Process and device for regeneration of a used absorbent from a desulfurization zone or from the desulfurization of a gas containing sulfur oxides, comprising regeneration simultaneously with filtering of the absorbent, in a reducing atmosphere, wherein partial combustion of a regeneration gas is also carried out upstream from regeneration, the products of the partial combustion being mixed with the used absorbent prior to the regeneration-filtration stage. The absorbent may be, e.g., solid absorbents based on magnesium oxide. The regeneration gas may be hydrogen sulfide and/or a hydrocarbon. For example, H2S can be partially combusted and the products of the partial combustion, including H2S, H2, SO2 and sulfur, mixed with the used absorbent prior to the regeneration-filtration stage.

Abstract: A solid catalyst used in, for example, production of a perfluoroalkyl iodide telomer is effectively and continuously recovered and the recovered catalyst is continuously recycled to the reactor for reuse. A slurry containing a reaction product and the catalyst is drawn from the reaction system, and the catalyst in the drawn slurry is classified by means of a hydrocyclone, whereby a high-concentration slurry whose catalyst concentration is higher than that of the drawn slurry and a low-concentration slurry whose catalyst concentration is lower than that of the drawn slurry are obtained, and the high-concentration slurry is recycled to the reaction system.

Abstract: A batch process for carrying out a hydrogenation reaction comprises mixing a pyrophoric catalyst with reactants and solvents to form a reaction mixture in a reaction vessel. Hydrogen is added to the reaction vessel. After hydrogenation, the desired hydrogenation product is removed from the reaction vessel and the pyrophoric catalyst-rich material from the reaction vessel is delivered to a pressure filter. Water is added to the pyrophoric catalyst-rich material in the filter and the spent pyrophoric material is removed from the pressure filter in a water wet form.

Abstract: Disclosed are a catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides and a method for preparing the same. Useful for the removal of nitrogen oxides is a catalyst prepared using spent catalysts having been absorbed with vanadium, nickel and sulfur in the hydro-desulfurization line of an oil refinery in which a catalyst for the hydro-desulfurization contains molybdenum, iron, cobalt and silicon on the alumina support in accordance with the present invention. The present catalyst can remove nitrogen oxides at a level of 90% or higher, exhibiting a 10% or more increase in efficiency of the catalyst performance. Additionally, the catalyst can increase the efficiency of spent catalyst reclamation by 250%.

Abstract: A process for rejuvenating reversibly deactivated catalyst particles in a three-phase slurry body of gas bubbles and catalyst particles in a slurry liquid, includes passing slurry from the top down to the bottom of the body through a slurry catalyst rejuvenating means. The slurry is sequentially passed through a first gas bubble reducing zone, a catalyst rejuvenating gas contacting zone, a second gas bubble reducing zone and then a downcomer transfer zone. The gas bubble reducing, contacting and at least a portion of transfer occur in slurry body. At least part of the means is in the slurry body.

Abstract: Novel polymer-supported quenching reagents of Formula I, P—L—Q  I wherein P is a polymer of low chemical reactivity which is soluble or insoluble; Q is one or more quenching reagents, or an acid or base addition salts thereof, that are capable of selective covalent reaction with unwanted byproducts, or excess reagents; and L is one or more chemically robust linkers that join P and Q; are described, as well as methods for their preparation and methods for their use in the rapid purification of synthetic intermediates and products in organic synthesis, combinatorial chemistry and automated organic synthesis.

Abstract: An improved apparatus useful in a process for separating a liquid stream (which can be an HF catalyst mixture) having a first liquid component (which can be HF), a second liquid component (which can be light ASO) and a third liquid component (which can be heavy ASO) is disclosed. The apparatus includes a closed vessel including an upper portion, a lower portion, and an intermediate portion, and above a bottom tray contained therein having a downcomer extending downwardly therefrom. The apparatus also includes a conduit located within the downcomer and opening below the level of the bottom tray.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned a process for the regeneration of the spent silica gel used in chromatography and for any other kind of silica. The process comprises 5 main steps, namely: washing with an extractant of organic compounds and removing volatile organic materials remaining thereafter; oxidation to oxidize organic compounds remaining and, preferably, bleach the material; washing with an acid to remove soluble inorganic matter; heating to dry the material and combust any remaining organic compounds present; and recovering the regenerated material. Various optional steps can be added to the process.

Abstract: Partially deactivated catalyst in a slurry hydrocarbon synthesis process is rejuvenated employing a cyclic rejuvenation process in which syngas or CO flow into the slurry is stopped to stop the hydrocarbon synthesis reaction, the CO purged out of the slurry with a purge gas in the presence of hydrogen, the catalyst rejuvenated with a hydrogen containing rejuvenating gas and the hydrocarbon synthesis reaction restarted by passing the synthesis gas feed back into the reactor. All or a portion of the purge gas and/or the rejuvenating gas may be recycled during the respective purge and/or rejuvenation. The hydrogen required during the purge is typically part of the purge gas.

Abstract: Circulating equilibrium catalyst (ECAT) in a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) is gently attrited in an internal or closely coupled attriter to produce fines and attrited catalyst which is recycled to the FCC unit for fines removal. Average particle size of the circulating ECAT is slightly reduced coupled with some fines formation, improving fluidization. Some metals removal is possible as metals tend to accumulate on the surface of the ECAT. The existing fines removal equipment in the FCC is used to remove produced fines, though operating conditions may be altered to reduce particulates emissions during periods of catalyst attrition. A dual orifice plate attriter closely coupled with and discharging into the FCC regenerator is preferred, but a high velocity gas jet within the FCC regenerator may also be used. The process operates without a magnetic catalyst separation unit.

Abstract: A reversibly deactivated, particulate catalyst in a slurry hydrocarbon synthesis slurry is rejuvenated by circulating the slurry from a slurry body through (i) a gas disengaging zone to remove gas bubbles from the slurry, (ii) a catalyst rejuvenation zone in which a catalyst rejuvenating gas contacts the catalyst in the slurry to rejuvenate it and form a rejuvenated catalyst slurry and, (iii) back into the slurry body. Removing at least a portion of the gas bubbles improves the rejuvenation process.

Abstract: Magnetic separation of fluid cracking catalyst and magnetic hooks can be improved by adding antimony, in the feed or during catalyst manufacture, to enhance the magnetic susceptibility, thus increasing the separation efficiency of the older less active fluid cracking catalyst from the more desirable fraction for recycle. Antimony can also be used as a tag for determination of age distribution of said catalyst. Concentration levels of 0.005-15 wt. % antimony (Sb) on the catalyst or sorbent are preferred. The invention is particularly preferred on catalyst and sorbents which comprise at least about 0.001 wt. %, more preferably above about 0.01 wt. % iron, because the antimony has been found to enhance the magnetic susceptibility of iron-containing particulates.

Abstract: A reversibly deactivated hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst in a hydrocarbon synthesis slurry is rejuvenated by passing the slurry into a lift pipe external of the reactor in which it contacts a hydrogen containing rejuvenating gas. The hydrogen rejuvenates the catalyst particles in the slurry and forms a mixture of a rejuvenation offgas which may contain catalyst deactivating species and a rejuvenated catalyst slurry. This mixture is passed into a gas separating and removal vessel in which the offgas is separated and removed from the slurry, which is then returned back into the reactor or elsewhere. The rejuvenating gas also acts as a lift gas to create slurry circulation up through the lift pipe and into the gas removal vessel.

Abstract: Improved methods and apparatus for manufacture of maleic anhydride by catalytic oxidation of n-butane or other hydrocarbon having four carbon atoms in a straight chain over a fixed catalyst bed comprising a phosphorus vanadium oxide catalyst. Movement of catalyst bodies with respect to each other and with respect to the walls of the reaction chamber is restrained so as to prevent the catalyst bodies from abrading against each other or the reactor chamber walls in a manner that would cause formation of catalyst fines. Methods and apparatus are also provided for removal of fines from a fixed catalyst bed. The methods of the invention are effective to prevent loss of catalyst from a tubular reactor, and to control degradation of solvent absorbent in a process in which maleic anhydride is separated from the reaction gas by absorption into such a solvent.

Abstract: Particulate solids and gas are removed from a three phase hydrocarbon synthesis slurry of solid catalyst particles, gas and liquid, by successively passing slurry from a slurry body through solids and gas disengaging zones in fluid communication, with the solids disengaging zone upstream of the gas disengaging zone. This is accomplished using a solids and gas disengaging downcomer immersed in the slurry wherein solids are disengaged in a quiescent zone adjacent the slurry body, from which the solids reduced slurry passes through an enclosed cup in which gas is disengaged and removed. The bottom of the cup terminates in a downwardly depending downcomer which hydraulically feeds the densified, solids and gas reduced slurry to the bottom of the reactor or to filtration.