Abstract: Supports having a catalytic coating comprising at least one porous and cavity-containing catalyst layer are described, cavities being irregular spaces having dimensions greater than 5 ?m in at least two dimensions or having cross-sectional areas of at least 10 ?m2. The catalytic coatings are distinguished by a high adhesive strength and can preferably be used in microreactors.

Abstract: A catalyst unit is described comprising a cylinder with a length C and a diameter D, wherein said unit has five holes arranged in a pentagonal pattern extending longitudinally therethrough, with five flutes running along the length of the unit, said flutes positioned equidistant adjacent holes of said pentagonal pattern. The catalyst may be used particularly in steam reforming reactors.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the catalyst assembly includes a two-dimension (2-D) extensive catalyst having a catalyst crystal plane; and a substrate supporting the 2-D extensive catalyst and having a substrate crystal plane in substantial alignment with the catalyst crystal plane. In certain instances, the catalyst crystal plane includes first and second adjacent catalyst atoms defining a catalyst atomic distance, the substrate crystal plane includes first and second adjacent substrate atoms defining a substrate atomic distance, a percent difference between the catalyst and substrate atomic distances is less than 10 percent.

Abstract: A catalyst includes a carrier body and a catalytic portion carried by the carrier body. The catalytic portion includes a plurality of distinct layers of catalytic material, which layers may be deposited through atomic layer deposition techniques. The catalyst may have a selectivity for the conversion of alkanes to alkenes of over 50%. The catalyst may be incorporated in a reactor such as a fluidized bed reactor or a single pass reactor.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a catalyst for the synthesis of organic alkyl carbamates, the method for preparing the same and the use thereof. The catalyst comprises a catalytically active component and a catalyst support, and the catalytically active component being carried by the catalyst support, wherein the catalytically active component comprises a transition metal oxide, and the general formula of the transition metal oxide is EOx, wherein E is selected from transition metal element and x is in the range of 0.5-4.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for preparing phthalic anhydride by gas phase oxidation of o-xylene and/or naphthalene, comprising at least three catalyst zones which have different compositions and, from the gas inlet side toward the gas outlet side, are referred to as first, second and third catalyst zone, the catalyst zones having in each case an active composition comprising TiO2 with a content of Na of less than 0.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a catalyst assembly. In one embodiment, the catalyst assembly includes a two-dimension (2-D) extensive catalyst including one or more precious catalytic metals and having a catalyst crystal plane; and a substrate supporting the 2-D extensive catalyst, the substrate including one or more non-precious catalytic metals and having a substrate crystal plane in substantial alignment with the catalyst crystal plane.

Abstract: To provide a photocatalyst having high selectivity and carrying out a reductive reaction with light having a longer wavelength. A photocatalyst has a structure in which a semiconductor and a substrate are joined, in which the substrate causes a catalytic reaction by transfer to the substrate of excited electrons, which are generated by applying light to the semiconductor.

Abstract: A sulfur reduction catalyst useful to reduce the levels of sulfur in a cracked gasoline product comprises a metal vanadate compound. The metal vanadate compound can be supported on a molecular sieve such as a zeolite in which the metal vanadate compound is primarily located on the exterior surface of the pore structure of the zeolite and on the surface of any matrix material used to bind or support the zeolite.

Abstract: This invention provides a photocatalyst material, which can be produced at low cost without using platinum, particularly a visible light response-type photocatalyst material, a material having a photocatalyst mechanism not possessed by the conventional photocatalyst material, a process for producing the material, and a method for decomposing a contaminant using the material. The photocatalyst material comprises a) an oxide of a first metal and b) an aqua complex salt of a second metal. In this case, for the oxide of a first metal, the redox potential of a conduction band lower end in the oxide is on a rather negative side than 0.2 V (a value as measured at pH=0, vs. reference electrode potential). For the aqua complex salt of a second metal, the redox potential of a second metal ion in the aqua complex salt is on a rather negative side than 3.0 V (a value as measured at pH=0, vs. reference electrode potential).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst system for preparing carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic anhydrides, which system comprises a plurality of superposed catalyst layers arranged in a reaction tube, where vanadium antimonate is introduced into the active material in at least one of the catalyst layers. The present invention further relates to a process for gas-phase oxidation, in which a gaseous stream comprising at least one hydrocarbon and molecular oxygen is passed through a plurality of catalyst layers and the maximum hot spot temperature is below 425° C.

Abstract: A bulk metal oxide catalyst can be prepared by combining metal oxide powders or oxide-producing species and reacting selected ingredients prior to their inclusion in the formulation of the catalyst. Mixed metal oxide phases can be designed and prepared for use as an ingredient for a bulk metal oxide catalyst to alter properties for catalytic performance or physical properties that would not be obtained using mixtures of singular metal oxide ingredients.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oxide catalyst and a phosphoric oxide catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking, method for preparing the same and a method for preparing olefin by using the same. More precisely, the present invention relates to an oxide catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking represented by formula 1 and a phosphoric oxide catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking represented by formula 3 which would be used for the production of olefin such as ethylene and propylene by hydrocarbon steam cracking, and a method for preparing the same. The present invention provides an oxide catalyst and a phosphoric oxide catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking that has excellent thermo-stability at high temperature and improved olefin yield. CrZrjAkOx??[Formula 1] CrZrjAkPlOx??[Formula 3] Wherein, j, k, l and x are as indicated in the description.

Abstract: There is disclosed a catalytic body with purifying efficiency and smaller pressure loss and its manufacturing method. Provided is a catalytic body wherein a porous honeycomb structure including partition walls defining a plurality of cells acting as fluid passages which extend through the honeycomb structure from one end surface to the other end surface thereof is formed of at least one type of (a) a catalytic substance and (b) a substance including an oxide and at least one type of noble metal carried on the oxide. The catalytic converter is characterized in that (c) 10% or more of a plurality of cells are plugged by plugging parts formed at one ends or in the middles of passages, that (d) the average pore diameter of the honeycomb structure is 10 ?m or more, or that (e) the porosity is 40% or more.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method for preparing a mixed oxide catalyst for use in producing acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile from propane or isobutene by ammoxidation in a gaseous phase via methods of heating or calcining precursor solid mixture to obtain mixed metal oxide catalyst compositions that exhibit catalytic activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for generating hydrogen for an on-board device comprising a system for regenerating the material consumed by the generation of hydrogen.

Abstract: Processes for forming catalyst particles utilizing a defoamer are described. Also described are processes for forming catalysts, where the processes comprise providing a correlation between defoamer concentration and catalyst particle morphology, and determining an amount of defoamer to include in a precursor composition to obtain the target morphology based on the correlation.

Abstract: The present invention provides porous body precursors and shaped porous bodies. Also included are catalysts and other end-use products based upon the shaped porous bodies and thus the porous body precursors. Finally, processes for making these are provided. The porous body precursors incorporate at least a first oxophilic high oxidation state transition metal. Because the oxophilic high oxidation state transition metal is incorporated into the porous body precursors, it is thought that it will become relatively uniformly distributed therethrough, and thus, provide property enhancements to shaped porous bodies and catalysts based thereupon.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, described herein is an exhaust gas after-treatment system that is coupleable in exhaust gas stream receiving communication with an internal combustion engine. The exhaust gas after-treatment system includes a low temperature SCR catalyst configured to reduce NOx in exhaust gas having a temperature below a temperature threshold. The system also includes a normal-to-high temperature SCR catalyst configured to reduce NOx in exhaust gas having a temperature above the temperature threshold.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved catalyst for direct conversion of methane to ethane and ethylene, a method for producing the catalyst and a process making use of the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention is directed to compositions and processes for the production of silica-stabilized ultrafine anatase titanias and which may further comprise tungsten and vanadia. The surface stabilization may be by treatment of the TiO2 particles with a low molecular weight and/or small nanoparticle form of silica such as, in preferred embodiments, a tetra(alkyl)ammonium silicate or silicic acid, which serves to efficiently maintain the anatase phase and prevent crystal growth under severe thermal and hydrothermal conditions, even in the presence of vanadia. The vanadia catalysts produced from the novel titanias have equal or improved catalytic activity for selective catalytic reduction of NOx compared to conventional vanadia supported silica-titania based catalysts. The invention is further directed to diesel emission catalytic devices comprising the novel titania-based catalyst compositions.

Abstract: A catalytically active porous element for promoting catalytic gas phase reactions is proposed, said element comprising a porous structural element of sintered ceramic or metallic primary particles, which are selected from fibrous and/or granular particles, a secondary structure of titania nano particles deposited on the surface of said sintered primary particles and a catalytic component deposited on the surface of the titania nano particles. Thereby porous catalytic elements for catalytic gas phase reactions which are useful not only in NOX reduction reactions but also for other catalytic gas phase reactions are provided.

Abstract: A titanium oxide-based photocatalyst which can exhibit excellent photocatalytic properties in response to visible light while maintaining its inherent activity in response to ultraviolet light and which is suitable for mass production contains bismuth as a first additional metal component and at least one metal element selected from silicon, zirconium, aluminum, and hafnium as a second additional metal component in titanium oxide. The Bi/Ti atomic ratio is preferably at least 0.0001 and at most 1.0, the atomic ratio of the second additional metal to Ti is preferably at least 0.0001 and at most 0.8, and a portion of bismuth is preferably present in the form of lower valence (Bi2+ or Bi0). The presence of lower valence bismuth can be ascertained by XPS analysis.

Abstract: Catalytic titanium dioxide mixtures comprising: a first anatase titanium dioxide having a BET surface area greater than 15 m2/g and a hydrogen uptake for the reduction of Ti4+ to Ti3+ of from 5 to 20 ?mol/m2; and a second anatase titanium dioxide having a BET surface area less than or equal to 15 m2/g and a hydrogen uptake for the reduction of Ti4+ to Ti3+ of from 0.6 to 7 ?mol/m2, processes for preparing catalysts containing the same, catalysts containing active compositions including such titanium dioxide mixtures on support materials, and catalyst systems using the same.

Abstract: A ceramic particulate filter having a porous catalytic material deposited on walls within the filter. Particulate matter is trapped in the walls of the filter and the catalytic material removes gases, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), from gases passing through the filter. The filter, in one embodiment, is adaptable for use with internal combustion (gas and diesel) engines. A method of making the filter is also described.

Abstract: A nanocomposite particle, its use as a catalyst, and a method of making it are disclosed. The nanocomposite particle comprises titanium dioxide nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, and a surface stabilizer. The metal oxide nanoparticles are formed hydrothermally in the presence of the titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The nanocomposite particle is an effective catalyst support, particularly for DeNOx catalyst applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel catalyst for producing N-substituted carbamates, the preparation of the catalyst and an improved method for producing N-substituted carbamates from these novel catalysts. The active component of the catalyst is a heteropoly acid and the catalyst support comprises a metal oxide or a metalloid oxide. The catalyst can be used to promote the reaction of carbamate and amine, thereby generating N-substituted carbamates with high yield. In the presence of the catalyst, the reaction conditions are relatively mild, the catalytic activity and selectivity of the reaction are high, and the reaction time is relatively short. Furthermore, the catalyst can be conveniently separated from the reaction system and recycled. therefore, the catalyst can be used to facilitate the further scale-up test and commercial application.

Abstract: The present invention is related to single and/or multiple-wall carbon nanotubes which may contain interstitial metals obtainable by a preparation process, comprising a catalytic step using a catalytic system, said catalytic system comprising a catalyst and a support, said support comprising hydroxides and/or carbonates or mixtures thereof with or without metal oxides. The present invention is also related to carbon fibers obtainable by said preparation process. The present invention also pertains in particular to said catalytic system and to said preparation process. Another aspect concerns the use of the nanotubes and of the catalytic system according to the invention.

Abstract: A process for making a porous catalyst, comprises a) providing an aqueous solution containing a nanoparticle precursor, b) forming a composition containing nanoparticles, c) adding a first catalytic component or precursor thereof and a pore-forming agent to the composition containing nanoparticles and allowing the first catalytic component, the pore-forming agent, and the nanoparticles form an organic-inorganic structure, d) removing water from the organic-inorganic structure; and e) removing the pore-forming agent from the organic-inorganic structure so as to yield a porous catalyst.

Abstract: Described are catalyst compositions and methods for their preparation and use. Certain catalyst compositions can include at least one reduction catalyst and at least one oxidation catalyst. A catalyst composition as described herein is useful in providing certain benefits to a combustible fuel, such as, for example, reducing harmful emissions and/or improving overall fuel economy.

Abstract: A nanocomposite particle, its use as a catalyst, and a method of making it are disclosed. The nanocomposite particle comprises titanium dioxide nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, and a surface stabilizer. The metal oxide nanoparticles are formed hydrothermally in the presence of the titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The nanocomposite particle is an effective catalyst support, particularly for DeNOx catalyst applications.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing a vanadium/titania-based catalyst containing non-stoichiometric vanadium and titanium having excellent ability to remove nitrogen oxides at a wide temperature window, particularly, at a relatively low temperature window of 300° C. or lower.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, an enhanced NH3 adsorbing automotive exhaust composition including a catalyst composition suitable for use in a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system and an acidified support composition for enhancing NH3 adsorption capacity of the automotive exhaust composition is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst arrangement for purifying the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines operated under lean conditions. It is proposed that a thinwalled, porous carrier be coated on one side with a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst and on the other side with an SCR catalyst. When the exhaust gas is passed through the catalytic coatings and the support material, a significant improvement in the nitrogen oxide conversion is achieved compared to a series arrangement of the catalysts on separate carriers. Wall flow filters have been found to be useful as thin-walled carriers.

Abstract: A layered composition which can be used in various processes has been developed. The composition comprises an inner core such as a cordierite core and an outer layer comprising a refractory inorganic oxide, a fibrous component and an inorganic binder. The refractory inorganic oxide layer can be alumina, zirconia, titania, etc. while the fibrous component can be titania fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, etc. The inorganic oxide binder can be alumina, silica, zirconia, etc. The layer can also contain catalytic metals such as gold and platinum plus other modifiers. The layered composition is prepared by coating the inner core with a slurry comprising the refractory inorganic oxide, fibrous component, an inorganic binder precursor and an organic binding agent such as polyvinyl alcohol. The composition can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: A catalyst for purifying exhaust gases includes a carrier substrate and a catalyst layer which is carried on the carrier substrate and contains a noble metal, a porous oxide and an additional oxide containing at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni, Bi, Sn, Fe, Co, Cu and Zn. Only a downstream section of the carrier substrate, which is located on a downstream side of an exhaust gas stream contains the additional oxide, whereas an upstream section of the carrier substrate does not contain the additional oxide. With this arrangement, in the upstream section of the carrier substrate, the noble metal and the additional oxide do not exist together so that the noble metal is not deteriorated with the additional oxide. As a result, in the upstream section, the purification performance as a three-way catalyst is favorably achieved, thereby restraining the emission of H2S while maintaining the three-way performance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of cyanopyridines from methylpyridines by their conversion with ammonia and oxygen and catalysts suitable therefor which contain further transition metals in addition to vanadium and phosphorus.

Abstract: A catalyst and a method for selectively reducing nitrogen oxides with ammonia are provided. The catalyst includes a first component of copper, chromium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, iron, niobium, or mixtures thereof, a second component of cerium, a lanthanide, a mixture of lanthanides, or mixtures thereof, and a zeolite. The catalyst may also include strontium as an additional second component. The catalyst selectively reduces nitrogen oxides to nitrogen with ammonia at low temperatures. The catalyst has high hydrothermal stability. The catalyst has high activity for conversion of nitrogen oxides in exhaust streams, and are not significantly influenced by the NO/NO2 ratio. The catalyst and the method may have special application to selective reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas from diesel vehicles, although the catalyst and the method have broad application to a wide range of gas streams that contain nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: Catalyst layers include an electrocatalyst having high oxygen reduction activity that is useful as an alternative material to platinum catalysts. Uses of the catalyst layers are also disclosed. A catalyst layer of the invention includes an electrode substrate and an electrocatalyst on the surface of the electrode substrate, and the electrocatalyst is formed of a metal compound obtained by hydrolyzing a metal salt or a metal complex.

Abstract: A nanostructure includes a plurality of metal nanoblades positioned with one edge on a substrate. Each of the plurality of metal nanoblades has a large surface area to mass ratio and a width smaller than a length. A method of storing hydrogen includes coating a plurality of magnesium nanoblades with a hydrogen storage catalyst and storing hydrogen by chemically forming magnesium hydride with the plurality of magnesium nanoblades.

Abstract: An exhaust emission control system can include a reformer a fuel source disposed upstream of and in fluid communication with the reformer, and a NOx adsorber disposed downstream of and in fluid communication with the reformer. The NOx adsorber can include a NOx adsorber catalyst having an acid adsorber disposed on the substrate and a base adsorber disposed over the acid adsorber.

Abstract: A method for producing a shell catalyst comprising a porous catalyst support shaped body with an outer shell containing at least one transition metal in metal form. To provide a shell catalyst with a relatively small shell thickness, a device is set up to circulate the catalyst support shaped bodies by means of process gases with a reductive effect. The device is charged with catalyst support shaped bodies that are circulated by means of a process gas with a reductive effect, an outer shell of the catalyst support shaped bodies is impregnated with a transition-metal precursor compound by spraying the circulating catalyst support shaped bodies with a solution containing the transition-metal precursor compound, the metal component of the transition-metal precursor compound is converted into the metal form by reduction by means of the process gas, and the catalyst support shaped bodies sprayed with the solution are dried.

Abstract: Described are catalyst composites containing mechanically fused components, methods of making the catalyst composites, and methods of using the catalyst composites such as in pollution abatement applications. The catalyst composites contain a core and a shell at least substantially covering the core, the shell mechanically fused to the core and comprising particles mechanically fused to each other, wherein a size ratio of the core to particles of the shell is at least about 10:1.

Abstract: A photocatalytic device for reacting with volatile organic compounds includes a photocatalyst and at least one additive, such as hafnium oxide and zirconium oxide, that is capable of forming a stable silicate with silicon dioxide. The additive reacts with volatile silicon-containing compounds to form stable silicate compounds. As a result, the silicon-containing compounds are unavailable for deactivation of the photocatalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst having high activity and excellent stability, a process for preparation of the catalyst, a membrane electrode assembly, and a fuel cell. The catalyst of the present invention comprises an electronically conductive support and catalyst fine particles. The catalyst fine particles are supported on the support and are represented by the formula (1): PtuRuxGeyTz (1). In the formula, u, x, y and z mean 30 to 60 atm %, 20 to 50 atm %, 0.5 to 20 atm % and 0.5 to 40 atm %, respectively. When the element represented by T is Al, Si, Ni, W, Mo, V or C, the content of the T-element's atoms connected with oxygen bonds is not more than four times as large as that of the T-element's atoms connected with metal bonds on the basis of X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) analysis.

Abstract: This invention belongs to the field of catalysts for the transesterification of triglycerides, for the production of fatty acid glycerin and esters. This invention describes preparatory methods using solid catalysts and the formulation of these catalysts for the production of fatty acid esters, glycerin, and specifically, biodiesel through the heterogeneous transesterification reaction of triglycerides present in vegetable oils and fats, like soy, cotton seed, canola, castor, peanut oils and animal fat. The solid catalysts of this invention are sufficiently magnetic to use in the production of biodiesel from vegetable oils and fats, not only because they work in a similar fashion as state of the art catalysts, but also because of the low cost of the raw materials used in its production. The invention even describes the composition obtained by using the catalysts, in which the purity of the products, such as biodiesel and glycerin is greater than 96.5%.

Abstract: A composition comprising a vanadium oxide compound and an alkali metal promoter loaded onto a porous support material is disclosed. Methods of making and using the composition to remove heavy metals or heavy metal containing compounds from a fluid stream are also provided. Such methods are particularly useful in the removal of mercury and mercury compounds from flue gas streams produced from the combustion of hydrocarbon-containing materials such as coal and petroleum fuels.

Abstract: The formation of H2S in a stoichiometric or reducing atmosphere is restrained without using Ni or Cu as an environmental load substance. An additional oxide composed of an oxide of at least one kind of metal selected from the group consisting of Bi, Sn and Zn was added to a three-way catalyst for purifying an exhaust gas emitted from an internal combustion engine of which the combustion is controlled in near a stoichiometric atmosphere in the amount of from 0.02 mol to 0.2 mol per liter of the catalyst. The additional oxide forms SO3 or SO4 from SO2 in an oxidizing atmosphere, and stores sulfur components as a sulfide in a reducing atmosphere so that emission of H2S can be restrained. And since no environmental load substance is contained, the catalyst can be used safely.

Abstract: A catalyst for oxidation of unsaturated and/or saturated aldehyde to unsaturated acids is disclosed where the catalyst including at least molybdenum (Mo), phosphorus (P), vanadium (V), bismuth (Bi), and a first component selected from the group consisting of potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), thallium (Tl), or mixtures or combinations thereof, where the catalyst has at least 57% medium pores and a nitric acid to molybdenum mole ratio of at least 0.5:1 or at least 6.0:1 moles of HNO3 per mole of Mo12. Methods for making and using such catalysts are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyst material, and its method of making and manufacture, useful for a diversity of chemical production processes as well as various emission control processes. More specifically, it relates to a catalyst composition, preferably comprising a metal oxide felt substrate, with one or more functional surface active constituents integrated on and/or in the substrate surface, which can be used in the removal of sulfur and sulfur compounds from hot gases as well as acting to trap solid particulates and trace metals within these hot gases.