Abstract: A process comprises introducing an olefin monomer and a catalyst system or catalyst system components into a reaction mixture within a reaction system. The reaction system comprises: a total reaction mixture volume, and a heat exchanged portion of the reaction system comprising a heat exchanged reaction mixture volume and a total heat exchanged surface area. The process also comprises oligomerizing the olefin monomer within the reaction mixture, determining one or more reaction system operating parameters during the oligomerizing, controlling the one or more reaction system operating parameters during the oligomerizing, maintaining a ratio of the total heat exchanged surface area to a total reaction mixture volume within the reaction system in a range from 0.75 in?1 to 5 in?1, maintaining an oligomer product discharge rate from the reaction system between 1.0 (lb)(hr?1)(gal?1) and 6.0 (lb)(hr?1)(gal?1), and discharging a reaction system effluent comprising the oligomer product from the reaction system.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing tetrafluoropropene, including, alternately: at least one step of reacting a chlorinated compound with hydrofluoric acid in the gas phase, in the presence of a fluorination catalyst, the proportion of oxygen optionally present being less than 0.05 mol. % relative to the chlorinated compound; a step of regenerating the fluorination catalyst by bringing the fluorination catalyst into contact with a regeneration stream including an oxidizing agent. Also, equipment suitable for carrying out this process.

Abstract: A fluorination catalyst such as a chromium oxide-based fluorination catalyst may be activated or reactivated by contacting the catalyst. with a source of reactive fluorine, for example nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) or fluorine (F2). Fluorinated compounds may be prepared by the gas phase reaction of hydrogen fluoride (HF) with various substrates such as chlorinated compounds. A number of metal oxide-based catalysts have been developed for this purpose.

Abstract: We provide a segmented reactor for regenerating a spent acidic ionic liquid via hydrogenation and hydrocracking, comprising: no solid hydrogenation catalyst; a gas inlet for feeding a gas feed comprising a hydrogen; a liquid inlet for feeding a spent acidic ionic liquid; partitions along an axis of the reactor that create segments, wherein each segment functions as a bubble column reactor; and an outlet from which a regenerated acidic ionic liquid flow out of the segmented reactor. We also provide a process for regenerating a spent acidic ionic liquid, comprising contacting the spent acidic ionic liquid with hydrogen and without an addition of a solid hydrogenation catalyst in the segmented reactor.

Abstract: Methods for treating or rejuvenating a spent catalyst are disclosed. Such methods can employ a step of halogenating the spent catalyst, followed by decoking the halogenated spent catalyst. The halogenation step can utilize fluorine and chlorine together, or fluorine and chlorine can be applied sequentially.

Abstract: Disclosed are embodiments of a method of regenerating a desiccant in an off-line treater of a polyolefin production process. The method may include a heating phase followed by a cooling phase. The heating phase may involve use of a regenerating gas made from heating a treated a recycle stream of the polyolefin production process to regenerate desiccant in an off-line treater. The cooling phase may involve thermosyphoning the regenerating gas, nitrogen, an olefin-free diluent, or combinations thereof in a closed-convection loop of the off-line treater.

Abstract: Methods for treating or rejuvenating a spent catalyst are disclosed. Such methods can employ a step of halogenating the spent catalyst, followed by decoking the halogenated spent catalyst. The halogenation step can utilize fluorine and chlorine together, or fluorine and chlorine can be applied sequentially.

Abstract: Methods for treating or rejuvenating a spent catalyst are described. These methods can employ a step of halogenating the spent catalyst, followed by decoking the halogenated spent catalyst. The halogenation step can utilize fluorine and chlorine together, or fluorine and chlorine can be applied sequentially.

Abstract: Methods for treating or rejuvenating a spent catalyst are disclosed. Such methods can employ a step of halogenating the spent catalyst, followed by decoking the halogenated spent catalyst.

Abstract: A method of reactivating a spent catalyst comprising a metal and a catalyst support, the method comprising redispersing the metal in the spent catalyst to produce a redispersed spent catalyst, contacting the redispersed spent catalyst with a reactivating composition to produce a redispersed, reactivated spent catalyst, and thermally treating the redispersed, reactivated spent catalyst to produce a reactivated catalyst.

Abstract: Methods for treating or rejuvenating a spent catalyst are disclosed. Such methods can employ a step of halogenating the spent catalyst, followed by decoking the halogenated spent catalyst.

Abstract: Methods for treating or rejuvenating a spent catalyst are disclosed. Such methods can employ a step of halogenating the spent catalyst, followed by decoking the halogenated spent catalyst.

Abstract: Methods for treating or rejuvenating a spent catalyst are disclosed. Such methods can employ a step of halogenating the spent catalyst, followed by decoking the halogenated spent catalyst. The halogenation step can utilize fluorine and chlorine together, or fluorine and chlorine can be applied sequentially.

Abstract: The invention aims at providing a platinum black material, without using an expensive and rare material, which is excellent in CO poisoning inhibiting effect, H2S poisoning inhibiting effect, SO4 poisoning inhibiting effect and HCHO poisoning inhibiting effect, and a method for fluorinating platinum black. The platinum black material is characterized by fluorine adsorbed on its surface. The method for fluorinating platinum black is characterized by allowing platinum black to stand in a mixed gas atmosphere of n inert gas and fluorine in a low-pressure chamber to make fluorine adsorbed on the surface of the platinum black.

Abstract: A process for the regeneration of spent sulfuric acid including contacting spent sulfuric acid containing acid soluble oils (ASO) with sulfur dioxide to extract at least a portion of the ASO from the spent sulfuric acid into the sulfur dioxide. The sulfuric acid phase having a reduced ASO content and a sulfur dioxide phase containing at least a portion of the ASO may be recovered. The resulting sulfuric acid and sulfur dioxide phases may be further separated to recover ASO, sulfur dioxide, and sulfuric acid.

Abstract: The invention aims at providing a platinum black material, without using an expensive and rare material, which is excellent in CO poisoning inhibiting effect, H2S poisoning inhibiting effect, SO4 poisoning inhibiting effect and HCHO poisoning inhibiting effect, and a method for fluorinating platinum black. The platinum black material is characterized by fluorine adsorbed on its surface. The method for fluorinating platinum black is characterized by allowing platinum black to stand in a mixed gas atmosphere of n inert gas and fluorine in a low-pressure chamber to make fluorine adsorbed on the surface of the platinum black.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a catalyst used in the preparation of acrolein from glycerol, which comprises tungsten compounds and has acidic properties and at least one promoter.

Abstract: The regeneration of HF alkylation acid in an alkylation unit is improved by withdrawing a vapor stream from the HF regenerator tower and condensing the stream to form a liquid fraction which is accumulated in a side distillation zone; the collected liquid fraction, comprising HF acid, water and some stripping medium is distilled in a batch or continuous type operation to drive off the HF acid (along with stripping medium) and the vapor is returned to the regenerator-stripper vessel. The distillation of the sidedraw liquid is continued until the composition of the liquid attains the azeotropic value or as near to that value as desired. The azeotrope, comprising water and acid can then be dropped out of the distillation vessel for disposal by neutralization in the conventional way.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for removing water from an alkylation process system using a water removal column to remove water from a re-run column (catalyst regeneration column) overhead stream.

Abstract: A method of reactivating a spent catalyst comprising a metal and a catalyst support, the method comprising redispersing the metal in the spent catalyst to produce a redispersed spent catalyst, contacting the redispersed spent catalyst with a reactivating composition to produce a redispersed, reactivated spent catalyst, and thermally treating the redispersed, reactivated spent catalyst to produce a reactivated catalyst.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for the regeneration of adsorbent medium and the production of additional fatty acid esters, i.e., biofuel, in particular, by means of discharging adsorbed contaminants from an adsorbent medium such as an inorganic catalytic medium by methods that convert the contaminants into additional biofuel or biofuel intermediates, thereby increasing production efficiency, conserving labor, and reducing material waste and environmental contamination.

Abstract: This invention provides catalyst compositions that are useful for polymerizing at least one monomer to produce a polymer This invention also provides catalyst compositions that are useful for polymerizing at least one monomer to produce a polymer, wherein said catalyst composition comprises a post-contacted organometal compound, a post-contacted organoaluminum compound, and a post-contacted fluorided silica-alumina.

Abstract: A process in which halogen is recovered from a cyclic operation for regenerating hydrocarbon conversion catalysts is disclosed. The process uses an arrangement of beds of adsorbent and a circulating stream to return the halogen-containing materials to a regeneration circuit.

Abstract: This invention provides catalyst compositions that are useful for polymerizing at least one monomer to produce a polymer. This invention also provides catalyst compositions that are useful for polymerizing at least one monomer to produce a polymer, wherein said catalyst composition comprises a post-contacted organometal compound, a post-contacted organoaluminum compound, and a post-contacted fluorided silica-alumina.

Abstract: A process for preparing a fluorination catalyst using a low pressure activating step followed by a high pressure activating step.

Abstract: A process of treating a catalyst composition containing palladium, an inorganic support, and a catalyst component, such as silver and/or a modifier such as alkali metal fluoride, is provided. The process involves contacting a catalyst composition with a first treating agent comprising carbon monoxide under a first treating condition to provide a treated catalyst composition. As an option, such treated catalyst composition can then be contacted with a second treating agent comprising a hydrogen-containing fluid under a second treating condition. The treated catalyst composition can be used in a selective hydrogenation process in which highly unsaturated hydrocarbons such as diolefins and/or alkynes are contacted with such treated catalyst composition in the presence of hydrogen to produce less unsaturated hydrocarbons such as monoolefins.

Abstract: Herein is disclosed a method for preparing an adsorbent to effectively remove water vapor during purification of a corrosive gas, as well as an adsorbent so prepared.

Abstract: This invention provides catalyst compositions that are useful for polymerizing at least one monomer to produce a polymer. This invention also provides catalyst compositions that are useful for polymerizing at least one monomer to produce a polymer, wherein said catalyst composition comprises a post-contacted organometal compound, a post-contacted organoaluminum compound, and a post-contacted fluorided silica-alumina.

Abstract: Hydrogen fluoride adducts and ammonium fluorides are used for fluorinating acid chlorides and halocarbon compounds such as chloroalkanes or chloronated ethers. The used adducts can be regenerated and then reused in the fluorination reactions.

Abstract: A process for preparing a fluorination catalyst using a low pressure activating step followed by a high pressure activating step.

Abstract: An improved apparatus useful in a process for separating a liquid stream (which can be an HF catalyst mixture) having a first liquid component (which can be HF), a second liquid component (which can be light ASO) and a third liquid component (which can be heavy ASO) is disclosed. The apparatus includes a closed vessel including an upper portion, a lower portion, and an intermediate portion, and above a bottom tray contained therein having a downcomer extending downwardly therefrom. The apparatus also includes a conduit located within the downcomer and opening below the level of the bottom tray.

Abstract: This invention provides catalyst compositions that are useful for polymerizing at least one monomer to produce a polymer. This invention also provides catalyst compositions that are useful for polymerizing at least one monomer to produce a polymer, wherein said catalyst composition comprises a post-contacted organometal compound, a post-contacted organoaluminum compound, and a post-contacted fluorided silica-alumina.

Abstract: A method for regenerating a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst wherein at least a portion of a halogen-containing compound is precombusted in a precombustion zone, and the catalyst is regenerated in the presence of the halogen. By precombusting the halogen-containing compound in a precombustion zone rather than in the regeneration zone, this invention decreases the risk of permanent catalyst deactivation and of costly equipment damage in the regeneration zone. This method is adaptable to many processes for the catalyst conversion of hydrocarbons in which deactivated catalyst particles are regenerated in a moving bed.

Abstract: Advantageous processes are disclosed for the production of vinyl fluoride. Also disclosed are advantageous methods which may be employed for the preparation of catalysts useful in such processes. Included are methods which involve (i) reducing surface B.sub.2 O.sub.3 present in a bulk chromium oxide composition containing surface B.sub.2 O.sub.3 by treating said composition with HF at an elevated temperature and/or (ii) treating a bulk chromium oxide composition containing B.sub.2 O.sub.3 to enrich the B.sub.2 O.sub.3 present on its surface by heating said composition in oxygen or an oxygen-containing environment (e.g., air) at an elevated temperature for a time sufficient to enrich the B.sub.2 O.sub.3 on the surface of the composition by at least a factor of two compared to the surface analysis of the untreated bulk composition.

Abstract: A method for removing high molecular weight solid and liquid tars and oligomers from halogenated Lewis acids catalysts is disclosed. The Lewis acids incorporating such tars and oligomers are treated with an oxidizing agent such as chlorine, a halogen fluoride or mixtures thereof for a time and at a temperature sufficient to oxidize said solid tars and oligomers. The oxidation causes such tars and oligomers to form oxidation products, which can be separated from the halogenated Lewis acid.

Abstract: In order to regenerate the activity of a catalyst for gas phase fluorination the spent catalyst is treated with chlorine and hydrogen fluoride, at a temperature of between 250.degree. and 450.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed is an alkylation process which utilizes a mixture of sulfone and hydrogen fluoride as an alkylation catalyst. The process provides for the removal of ASO and water from the alkylation catalyst that accumulates therein while minimizing the loss of sulfone and HF with the ASO and water removed.

Abstract: Process for regenerating a fluorination catalyst The invention relates to a process for regenerating a fluorination catalyst containing chromium and magnesium after use in a fluorination reaction, in which the used catalyst is treated with a mixture comprising at least 10 mol % of HF, from 30 to 90 mol % of O.sub.2 and from 0 to 60 mol % of inert gas.

Abstract: There is provided with a method of treating an exhaust gas comprising the steps of loading into a column an exhaust gas treating agent containing as a main component a metal of which surface is fluorinated previously; passing through the column the exhaust gas containing nitrogen trifluoride as a component to be treated; and contacting the exhaust gas with the exhaust gas treating agent. And the exhaust gas treating agent is also provided.

Abstract: A low-pressure, high-temperature, wet post-treatment after oxyhalogenation during regeneration to improve activity and selectivity recovery of a regenerated catalyst involves exposing a halogenated catalyst to a gaseous stream including water having a partial pressure of up to about 1.5 psia, oxygen having a partial pressure of less than about 4.5 psia, and an inert gas at a temperature within the range of about 450.degree. C. to about 530.degree. C. at a pressure within the range of about 14.7 psia to about 65 psia for a time sufficient to effect a hydrogen halide partial pressure in offgas from the halogenated catalyst of less than about 0.004 psia to effectively remove excess halide from the halogenated catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the reactivation of a chromium-based fluorination catalyst, in particular chromia, by contacting the deactivated chromium-based fluorination catalyst with an atmosphere containing water vapour at elevated temperature, preferably above 300.degree. C.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for regenerating a deactivated catalyst containing a zeolite and a noble metal of group VIII of the Periodic Table supported thereon which comprises subjecting the deactivated catalyst to decoking treatment under reductive or oxidative condition and subsequently to contact treatment with a solution containing a halogen or a halogen-containing compound and thereafter calcining the deactivated catalyst. According to the above process, the catalytic activity of a deactivated catalyst is restored to the level comparable to that of a fresh catalyst by the use of an inexpensive regenerating agent and simplified steps. Thus, the regeneration process is expected to find effective use in petroleum refinery, petrochemical industry, etc.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a selected paraffin from a reaction mixture containing(i) an acceptor olefin having the carbon backbone structure of said selected paraffin;(ii) a donor paraffin having a carbon backbone structure different from that of said selected paraffin;(iii) less than about 10 mole percent molecular hydrogen; which process comprises the steps of contacting said reaction mixture with a heterogeneous catalyst comprising active carbon in the absence of an added catalytic metal or metal compound to convert at least a portion of said acceptor olefin to said selected paraffin and to dehydrogenate at least a portion of said donor paraffin.

Abstract: A method for regenerating a used fluorination catalyst such as a chromium-containing compound comprises contacting the used catalyst at a temperature of 300.degree. C. to 500.degree. C. with a mixture of an oxidizing agent, especially air, and hydrogen fluoride and optionally an inert diluent such as nitrogen, said mixture containing up to 30% of oxidizing agent on a molar basis. The method obviates chromium loss during regeneration/refluorination of spent catalyst and provides heated hydrogen fluoride for use directly in fluorination reactions.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the regeneration and/or activation of a noble catalyst comprising contacting said catalyst with an atmosphere comprising a fluorohalocarbon and/or a fluorohydrocarbon of the formula, C.sub.n H.sub.m F.sub.p X.sub.q, wherein X is chlorine and/or bromine; n is an integer from 1 to 6; m is an integer from 0 to 6, provided that m can be no more than the total n in the compound; p and q are integers from 1-13 when the compound is acyclic and integers from 1-11 when the compound is cyclic, provided that the fluorohalocarbon and/or fluorohalohydrocarbon always contains at least one chlorine or bromine atom and provided that m+p+q=2n+2 when the compound is acyclic and that m+p+q=2n when the compound is cyclic, at a temperature in excess of 200.degree. C.

Abstract: 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R134a) is purified to remove 50-10,000 wt. ppm of 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene (R1122) by contacting with a zeolite or carbon molecular sieve having an average pore diameter of 3.8 to 4.8 Angstroms. The zeolite or carbon molecular sieve is regenerated by inert gas stripping residual R134a, followed by a regeneration at elevated temperatures using an inert gas. Regeneration of the zeolite or carbon molecular sieve is accomplished without the substantial reduction in capacity for impurities.

Abstract: A spent butane isomerization catalyst comprising platinum and chlorine or alumina is converted in an active n-pentane isomerization catalyst by a process comprising calcining and subsequent heating with a fluorocarbon and/or chlorofluorocarbon. The thus prepared catalyst can be used in the isomerization of n-pentane to isopentane.

Abstract: A spent butane isomerization catalyst which contains platinum and chlorine on alumina is converted to an active n-pentane isomerization catalyst by processes comprising fluorination (preferably with dissolved HF or NH.sub.4 HF) and calcination (before and/or after the fluorination step). The thus-treated catalysts are used for isomerizing n-pentane to isopentane.

Abstract: A process for reactivating a spent, metal-contaminated zeolite-containing catalytic cracking catalyst composition comprises partially demetallizing (preferably by chlorinating and washing) the spent catalytic cracking catalyst composition, and thereafter contacting it with at least one fluorine compound (preferably NH.sub.4 F) and at least one antimony compound. The thus reactivated catalytic cracking catalyst composition is employed in a catalytic cracking process.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for regenerating a sulfur-contaminated, highly selective, large-pore zeolite catalyst. It comprises a multistep process involving exposure of the catalyst to a combination of oxidizing conditions, reducing conditions and treatment with a halogen acid gas. These conditions are effective to agglomerate a Group VIII metal and remove sulfur. Thereafter, the catalyst is oxychlorinated to redisperse the Group VIII metal over the catalyst surface. A carbon removal step is optionally included.