Abstract: A pathogen-resistant fabric comprising one or more photocatalysts capable of generating singlet oxygen from ambient air. The pathogen-resistant fabric may optionally include one or more singlet oxygen traps.

Abstract: A method of efficiently removing active oxy-hydrogens (e.g., existing as hetero element-containing functional groups such as COOH, CHO, and OH) present in a carbon material at a relative low temperature. The invention also provides a carbon-activating material adapted for use in a polarizable electrode typically used in an electrical double-layer capacitor. The method of removing residual active oxy-hydrogens in the carbon material starts with mixing the carbon material and a transition metal or a transition metal compound. The resulting mixture is thermally processed within a stream of a reducing gas. Preferably, the transition metal or transition metal compound is removed from the thermally processed mixture.

Abstract: A composition for controlling NOx emissions during FCC processes comprises (i) an acidic oxide support, (ii) cerium oxide, (iii) a lanthanide oxide other than ceria such as praseodymium oxide, and (iv), optionally, an oxide of a metal from Groups Ib and IIb such as copper, silver and zinc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to ferroxanes and a method of making wherein a ferroxane may be defined by the general formula [Fe(O)x(OH)y(O2CR)z]n wherein x, y and z may be any integer or fraction such that 2x+y+z=3 and n may be any integer. The ferroxanes may be doped with at least one other element other than iron. The present invention further relates to a ceramic made from the ferroxanes of the present invention and a method of making. The present invention still further relates to supported and unsupported membranes made from the ceramic of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to ferroxanes and a method of making wherein a ferroxane may be defined by the general formula [Fe(O)x(OH)y(O2CR)z]n wherein x, y and z may be any integer or fraction such that 2x+y+z=3 and n may be any integer. The ferroxanes may be doped with at least one other element other than iron. The present invention further relates to a ceramic made from the ferroxanes of the present invention and a method of making. The present invention still further relates to supported and unsupported membranes made from the ceramic of the present invention.

Abstract: Catalyst systems which are suitable for polymerizing ethylene and 1-alkenes comprise as active constituentsA) a chromium-containing component obtainable by reducing an oxidized Phillips catalyst with organic compounds selected from the group of linear C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 - or cyclic C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 -alkenes with at least one internal C.dbd.C double bond, of 1,3-butadiene, of C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alkynes and of C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -aldehydes,with or withoutB) an organometallic compound of the first, second, third or fourth main group or of the second subgroup of the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Abstract: An improved catalyst for producing carbon fibrils is made by incorporating an effective yield-enhancing amount of a carboxylate into a fibril-forming catalyst. Alternatively, such a catalyst is made by coprecipitating a compound of a metal having fibril-forming catalytic properties and an aluminum and/or magnesium compound, optionally in the presence of carbon particles or carbon fibril aggregates. The catalyst may also be made by incorporating a compound of a fibril-forming metal onto magnesia particles in carbon particles or carbon fibril aggregates. The catalysts, methods of using them to form carbon fibrils and those carbon fibrils are also disclosed.

Abstract: A volume of carbon fibrils that includes a multiplicity of fibrils having a morphology consisting of vermicular tubes that are free of a continuous thermal carbon overcoat and have graphite layers that are substantially parallel to the fibril axis and a process for preparing such fibrils.

Abstract: A reactive membrane for simultaneous removal of heterogeneous and homogeneous impurities such as moisture, oxygen and organic compounds from gases is provided. The membrane comprises a substrate layer having a plurality of pores therein, at least one layer of carbon on the porous substrate layer and coating the pores thereof, and at least one reactive layer of a metal in reduced form capable of reacting with the impurities and chemically bonded to the carbon layer. A method of forming the same is also provided.

Abstract: A process for preparing carbon fibrils using discrete, unfused, metal-containing catalytic particles encapsulated in non-graphitic carbon, a carbide, or an organic polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to carbon fibrils characterized by a substantially constant diameter, length greater than about 5 times the diameter, an ordered outer region of catalytically grown, multiple, substantially continuous layers of ordered carbon atoms having an outside diameter between about 3.5 and 70 nanometers, and a distinct inner core region. Each of the layers and the core are disposed substantially concentrically about the cylindrical axis of the fibril. The fibrils are substantially free of pyrolytically deposited thermal carbon with the diameter of the fibrils being equal to the outside diameter of the ordered outer region.

Abstract: Carbon molecular sieves, useful in the separation of air into oxygen and nitrogen, are improved through modification of the micropores of the sieve by contact with the pyrolysis products of a carbon-containing compound in the gaseous state diluted with helium, with or without nitrogen as a part of the diluting gas. Volatile organic compounds, such as trimethylcyclohexane, are used with the diluent gas to narrow the micropore openings of a carbon molecular sieve and increase its kinetic selectivity for oxygen adsorption. Carbon dioxide and helium or argon in the diluent gas are used to open pores available to contacting gases.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic production of hydrogen, from a wide variety of low heating value fuel gases containing carbon monoxide, comprises circulating a carbonaceous material between two reactors--a carbon deposition reactor and a steaming reactor. In the carbon deposition reactor, carbon monoxide is removed from a fuel gas and is deposited on the carbonaceous material as an active carbon. In the steaming reactor, the reactive carbon reacts with steam to give hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The carbonaceous material contains a metal component comprising from about 75% to about 95% cobalt, from about 5% to about 15% iron, and up to about 10% chromium, and is effective in suppressing the production of methane in the steaming reactor.

Abstract: A fluidized bed disproportionation of carbon monoxide is effected using ferrous metal component-containing catalysts in particulate form. The bed also contains an abradant to continuously remove from the surface of those particles a substantial quantity of the carbonaceous fibers formed on those surfaces. The method produces a carbonaceous material of desired carbon and ferrous metal content. The process allows the use of two beds in series for producing high carbon content products.

Abstract: Disclosed is a carbonaceous material which reacts rapidly with hydrogen to produce a methane-rich gas containing at least 20% by volume methane. The carbonaceous material is formed by contacting a carbon monoxide containing gas with an initiator including a ferrous group metal such as iron, cobalt, or nickel. The carbonaceous material grows from the surface of the initiator as fibers which include a ferrous metal component derived from the initiator. This ferrous metal component, which may be a metal, an alloy, a carbide, or other metallic substance, is dispersed throughout the carbon network as small nodules which are at least partially bonded to the carbon.

Abstract: Fly ash is activated by heating a screened magnetic fraction of the ash in a steam atmosphere and then reducing, oxidizing and again reducing the hydrothermally treated fraction. The activated fly ash can be used as a carbon monoxide disproportionating catalyst useful in the production of hydrogen and methane.