Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for controlling surface-inhabiting pests in an aquatic system, in particular cyanobacteria and harmful algal blooms (HABs), comprising spreading on the surface of the aquatic system a buoyant composition comprising a water disinfectant, preferably an oxidizing compound, and a floating agent. The invention further relates to compositions and methods for their preparation and use.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for controlling surface-inhabiting pests in an aquatic system, in particular cyanobacteria and harmful algal blooms (HABs), comprising spreading on the surface of the aquatic system a buoyant composition comprising a water disinfectant, preferably an oxidizing compound, and a floating agent. The invention further relates to compositions and methods for their preparation and use.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a blue-green algae remover, including: 0.1 to 1 w t% of sulfuric acid; 2 to 10 wt % of potassium sulfate; 1 to 10 wt % of magnesium sulfate; 1 to 10 wt % of borax; 5 to 40 wt % of zinc sulfate; 1 to 20 wt % of boric acid; and residual water. Since the blue-green algae remover, compared to a conventional blue-green algae remover, is dispersed in water while not being precipitated in water, if it is previously sprayed before the generation of blue-green algae, the generation of blue-green algae can be prevented. Therefore, this blue-green algae remover can also be widely used as an agent for preventing the generation of blue-green algae.

Abstract: An aqueous disinfecting solution having a pH of from about 0.5 to about 6 consists essentially of hydrogen peroxide in a concentration of from about 0.05 to about 8 w/w % of the total solution, at least one anionic surfactant in a concentration of from about 0.02 to about 8 w/w % of the total solution, and at least one additional ingredient chosen from benzyl alcohol, an alcohol comprising one to six carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof, in a concentration of from about 0.1 to about 10 w/w % of the total solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of mixtures containing hydrazone compounds and copper for controlling the growth of algae.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel biocide composition for use in gravity fed water purification devices and suitable for purifying water for drinking purposes and a process for preparing the novel biocide composition. The biocide tablet composition comprises one or more halogenated 5,5-dialkylhydantoin compound; a chlorine biocide compound selected from trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) or sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) or mixtures thereof; 0.1-1.0% water soluble boron containing compound; wherein the ratio between the halogenated 5,5-dialkylhydantoin compound and chlorine biocide compound is in the range 85:15 to 65:35 and the average particle size of the halogenated 5,5-dialkylhydantoin compound and chlorine biocide compound is in the range 400 to 1200 microns.

Abstract: A composition of alkali carbonate peroxyhydrate in a quantity of 45 to 85% by weight relative to a total amount of the composition and an alkali hydrogen carbonate is provided for combating pathogenic germs and parasites in water of aquaculture, ponds, and aquariums; for destroying thread algae in water; for processing water. The addition of alkali hydrogen carbonate to alkali percarbonate peroxyhydrate stabilizes the alkali percarbonate peroxyhydrates relative to combustible materials. The alkali carbonate peroxyhydrate is preferably Na2CO3 and xH2O2.

Abstract: A method is provided for modulating transpiration in an organism that is capable of photosynthesis, where the method includes contacting the organism with a composition including an effective amount of an oxygen antagonist. Also provided is an apparatus for modulating transpiration in an organism that is capable of photosynthesis.

Abstract: Dissolved oxygen may be generated by adding a peroxide to a fluid stream and then catalytically decomposing the peroxide to generate oxygen. As the peroxide is catalytically decomposed, the oxygen may solubilize in a surrounding fluid so as to provide dissolved oxygen. In some examples, the amount of peroxide added to the fluid stream is controlled such that substantially all of the hydrogen peroxide added to the fluid stream catalytically decomposes and yet the dissolved oxygen concentration of the fluid stream does not exceed a dissolved oxygen saturation limit for the fluid stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of a stable, pH self-adjusting, solid biocidal mixture and also relates to the use of the biocidal mixture in preventing or inhibiting the growth of living organisms in liquids.

Abstract: The specification discloses a borate microemulsion product. In one embodiment, the borate microemulsion includes from about 24 to about 32 weight percent emulsified sodium pentaborate; and from about 24 to about 32 weight percent particulate boric acid suspended therein. The microemulsion has a density of about 9.5 to about 10.5 pounds per gallon at about room temperature. In certain embodiments, the microemulsion has a viscosity of about 1200 to about 1520 at a temperature of from about 66° F. to about 70° F. In certain other embodiments, microemulsion has a viscosity of about 1000 to about 3000 at a temperature of from about 70° F. to about 75° F.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to compositions, apparatus, and methods for controlling harmful algae and harmful algal bloom (HAB) based on the induction of the programmed cell death (PCD; apoptosis) pathway in the harmful algae, and to kits for determining algal susceptibility to PCD induction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of combinations of 4-bromo-2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile and an oxidizing agent, for eradicating, eliminating or reducing aquatic organisms in ballast water or bilge water whereby 4-bromo-2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile and the oxidizing agent are in respective proportions to provide a synergistic effect against fouling organisms. Suitable oxidizing agents are e.g.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to compositions, apparatus, and methods for controlling harmful algae and harmful algal bloom (HAB) based on the induction of the programmed cell death (PCD; apoptosis) pathway in the harmful algae, and to kits for determining algal susceptibility to PCD induction.

Abstract: The invention provides a bactericidal/algicidal method including adding an oxidant-based bactericidal/algicidal agent and a stabilizer therefor to a target water system, characterized in that the amount of combined chlorine or the stabilizer in the water system is controlled by generating free residual chlorine in the water system, and a bactericidal/algicidal method including adding an oxidant-based bactericidal/algicidal agent and a stabilizer therefor to a target water system, characterized in that the amount of the oxidant-based bactericidal/algicidal agent added is controlled so that the concentration of total residual chlorine in the water system falls within a predetermined range, and the amount of combined chlorine or the stabilizer is controlled so that the concentration of free residual chlorine in the water system falls within a predetermined range.

Abstract: The specification discloses a borate microemulsion product. In one embodiment, the borate microemulsion includes from about 24 to about 32 weight percent emulsified sodium pentaborate; and from about 24 to about 32 weight percent particulate boric acid suspended therein. The microemulsion has a density of about 9.5 to about 10.5 pounds per gallon at about room temperature. In certain embodiments, the microemulsion has a viscosity of about 1200 to about 1520 at a temperature of from about 66° F. to about 70° F. In certain other embodiments, microemulsion has a viscosity of about 1000 to about 3000 at a temperature of from about 70° F. to about 75° F.

Abstract: An enhanced activity aqueous disinfecting solution having a pH of from about 0.5 to about 6 and consisting essentially of (i) hydrogen peroxide in a concentration of from about 0.

Abstract: The process for suppressing the growth of green algae in aqueous systems, such as lakes or rivers, comprises introducing carbon dioxide, preferably industrially produced carbon dioxide, into the water to be treated, thereby acidifying the water and suppressing the growth of green algae and promoting the growth of diatoms. The carbon dioxide can be produced by industry. Thus disposal of such industrially produced gases for acidification of waters serves for cleaning water and leads at the same time to clean air.

Abstract: The process for treating polluted water with carbon dioxide including producing the carbon dioxide used by acidizing a carbon rock or mineral with hydrochloric acid and collecting the carbon dioxide produced for treating the polluted water.

Abstract: A silicic acid component supplying agent for algae to be added to water in which algae requiring silicic acid to grow live, in order to supply a silicic acid component to the algae. The agent includes a silicic acid gel, as a main component, obtained by previously causing a reaction between an alkali metal silicate and a mineral acid within a system other than the water in which the algae live.

Abstract: The specification discloses water treatments for reducing the rate of growth of algae in water bodies such as swimming pools including the steps of providing a volume of water within a man made vessel having a pH value; and dissolving an algaecidal buffer into the volume of water in an amount sufficient to reduce the rate of growth of algae in the water, wherein the algaecidal buffer comprises a borate salt which when dissolved in the water buffers the pH value of the water to a value in a range from about 6.5 to about 8.8.

Abstract: A solid form of an inorganic peroxide product and associated process for the treatment, remediation, etc. of natural, man-made, industrial, municipal, etc., water bodies such as ponds, streams, lakes, canals, paddies, tanks, lagoons, pools, pipelines, etc, especially those that are contaminated, as well as in situ and ex situ treatment of sediment and soil.

Abstract: A stable aqueous concentrate comprising a polymeric biguanide, a chelating agent and a water-miscible organic solvent for controlling the growth of algae, fungi and pathogenic organisms in water.

Abstract: Use of internal gas-forming compound to adjust coating porosity to control copper release rates in algae-retardant roofing granule products.

Abstract: This invention relates to biocidal compositions and methods of using same. Also provided is a process for the manufacturing of a biocidal composition in the form of a tablet and a method of using the biocidal compositions for the disinfection of water that may contain microorganisms and biofilms.

Abstract: A bactericide useful as a shelf life extender for produce and other food products. The bactericide is an aqueous solution formed from water, copper sulfate pentahydrate and a reagent, which can either be an acid or hydrogen peroxide. The bactericide is applied as a coating on the food product and is especially useful in extending the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. Other applications of the bactericide include treatment of drinking water, bacteria and algae control in pools and natural bodies of, water and as a disinfectant in cleansers.

Abstract: A storage-stable biocidal aerated gel composition comprises from 30 to 97% by weight of water, from 0.2 to 5% by weight of a gelling agent selected from xanthan gum, sodium alginate and neutralised carboxyvinyl polymer from 2 to 5% by weight of a fine particulate, hydrophobic silicone-treated silica having a surface area of from 80 to 300 m2/g and from 0.004 to 20% by weight of a biocide which said composition is in the form of fine particles of an aqueous gel containing the water, gelling agent and the biocide, the surfaces of which fine particles are coated with a coating of the finely particulate hydrophobic silica. The biocidal aerated gel composition can be used to control pests using one or more appropriate biocides in the composition.

Abstract: A water treatment agent and method of treating water to inhibit, reduce, or prevent the formation of algae and bacteria in a water body. The water treatment agent may include copper sulfate penta-hydrate and/or silver, di-sodium ethylene di-amine tetra-acetic acid dihydrate, a scale inhibitor, a shocking agent and a buffer agent. For instance, the treatment agent may include a composition of copper sulfate pentahydrate, di-sodium ethylene di-amine tetra-acetic acid, monopotassium phosphate or sulfuric acid, and potassium monopersulfate and 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid.

Abstract: An acidic aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is provided with improved disinfectant activity. Concentrated solutions preferably contain up to about 8 wt./wt. % H2O2 and as-used concentrations contain about 0.5% wt./wt. % H2O2. The solution also contains from 0.05 to 8.0 wt./wt. % of at least one phosphorous-based acid, e.g. phosphoric acid and/or a phosphonic acid with from 1 to 5 phosphonic acid groups, and from 0.02 to 5 wt./wt. % of at least one anionic surfactant. The surfactant is selected from C8 to C16 alkyl aryl sulfonic acids, sulfonated C12 to C22 carboxylic acids, C8 to C22 alkyl diphenyl oxide sulfonic acids, naphthalene sulfonic acids, C8 to C22 alkyl sulfonic acids, and alkali metal and ammonium salts thereof, and alkali metal C8 to C18 alkyl sulfates, and mixtures thereof. Most preferably the solution has an emulsifier and/or hydrotrope, e.g. an alkylated sulfonated diphenyl oxide salt, an alkyl aryl polyoxyethylene surfactant, and/or a polyoxyethylene surfactant.

Abstract: Use of internal gas-forming compound to adjust coating porosity to control copper release rates in algae-retardant roofing granule products.

Abstract: A method of controlling algae in a municipal water plant including the step of adding an algicide-flocculant solution including 25-50 wt % acidic flocculent, 0-10 wt % polymer flocculant aid, an algicide consisting essentially of copper having a concentration of 0.025-1.275 wt % in the form of a water soluble copper salt, balance water. The algicide-flocculant solution may be added to the water via a clarifier of the water plant, a basin of the water plant, or a mixing chamber. The mixing chamber may be located within the clarifier, adjacent to the basin, or upstream of the clarifier and/or the basin.

Abstract: A process for preparing a disinfectant for use in swimming pools and the like. The process provides a formulation containing copper sulfate pentahydrate that will remain suspended so long as the formulation is maintained at a temperature above 40° F. The process includes the step of mixing the copper sulfate pentahydrate with water, sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate at a temperature of 187° F.±10° F., then rapidly cooling the mixture to a temperature of 57-65° F. Colloidal silver or gold added to the formulation before the step of rapidly cooling will also remain suspended. Hydrogen peroxide may be added to enhance the performance of the disinfectant.

Abstract: Inexpensive, and easy to use self cleaning mixtures that use photoactive agents such as titanium dioxide(TiO2) and tungsten oxide(WO3) along with mixing the agents with co-catalysts such as carbon(C), Fe(iron), Cu(copper), Ni(nickel) and CO2P. In addition, the co-catalyst loading can include up to approximately 5% carbon to maximize the inhibiting algae growth. The mixtures can be used to inhibit various growth organisms such as but not limited to algae, fungus, bacteria and mold. The agents can be combined together, and/or each agent can be combined with various coatings, such as but not limited to a cement or a polymer binder. The coatings can be applied to surfaces that are exposed to water such as but not limited to an aquarium, liners on the inner walls of swimming pools, drinking water tanks, and the like. Additionally, the coatings can be used as surfacing agent in contact with water within solar water heaters, piping adjacent to pool pumps, and the like.

Abstract: Inexpensive, and easy to use self cleaning mixtures that use photoactive agents such as titanium dioxide(TiO2) and tungsten oxide(WO3) along with mixing the agents with co-catalysts such as carbon(C), Fe(iron), Cu(copper), Ni(nickel) and CO2P. In addition, the co-catalyst loading can include up to approximately 5% carbon to maximize the inhibiting algae growth. The mixtures can be used to inhibit various growth organisms such as but not limited to algae, fungus, bacteria and mold. The agents can be combined together, and/or each agent can be combined with various coatings, such as but not limited to a cement or a polymer binder. The coatings can be applied to surfaces that are exposed to water such as but not limited to an aquarium, liners on the inner walls of swimming pools, drinking water tanks, and the like. Additionally, the coatings can be used as surfacing agent in contact with water within solar water heaters, piping adjacent to pool pumps, and the like.

Abstract: A formulation comprising lactoperoxidase, thiocyanate and/or iodide and a hydrogen peroxide donor system, in particular glucose oxidase and glucose, is useful for controlling plant-pathogenic microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. Preferably the formulation also contains an oil.

Abstract: Dry, stable, high available halogen sanitizing granular compositions with a rapid rate of dissolution comprising halogenated 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triones and a dissolution accelerant that is an alkali metal salt of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione are disclosed. The disclosed compositions may include inorganic and/or organic disintegration agents. Additionally, these compositions may contain other performance enhancing additives such as water clarifiers, algaestats/algaecides, surfactants, glidants, processing aids, and binders. These UV stable sanitizing compositions contain a high available halogen content, and are stable even when stored in high-humidity environments.

Abstract: An algicide-flocculant solution for use in treating raw water in a municipal water plant to control algae, the algicide-flocculant solution including 25-50 wt % of an acidic flocculant, 0-10 wt % of a polymer flocculant aid, an algicide of essentially copper having a concentration of 0.025-1.25 wt % in the form of a water soluble capper salt, and balance water. Uniform mixing of the flocculant into the raw water simultaneously uniformly mixes the algicide of the algicide-flocculant solution into the raw water. The acidic flocculant is preferably aluminium sulfate, iron sulfate, iron chloride or mixtures thereof. The water soluble copper salt is preferably copper sulfate, copper chloride, copper nitrate, copper acetate or mixtures thereof. Moreover, the flocculant aid is a high molecular weight quaternary amine such as diallyldimethylammonium chloride.

Abstract: Metal-containing biocides for treating swimming pool water, spas, cooling towers, or other industrial applications without staining are disclosed. The biocidal compositions include a source of metal and a polymeric sequestering agent. The polymeric sequestering agent may be a water-soluble anionic or cationic polymer. Conventional sequestering agents may also be included in the composition.

Abstract: An acidic aqueous hydrogen peroxid solution is provided, with improved disinfectant activity. Concentrated solutions preferably contain up to about 8% and as-used concentrations contain about 0.5% peroxide. The solution also contains from 0.1 to 5.0% of at least one acid compound, e.g. phosphoric and/or a phosphonate with from 1 to 5 phosphonic acid groups, and from 0.02 to 5% of at least one anionic surfactant. The surfactant is selected from C8 to C16-alkyl aryl sulphonic acids, sulphonated C12 to C22 carboxylic acids, C8 to C22-alkyl diphenyl oxide sulphonic acids, naphthalene sulphonic acids, C8 to C22 alkyl sulphonic acids, and alkali metal and ammonium salts thereof, and alkali metal C8 to C18 alkyl sulphates, and mixtures thereof. Most preferably the solution has an emulsifier, e.g. a salt of an alkylated diphenyl oxide. The solution may also contain corrosion inhibitors and/or lower alcohols.

Abstract: Inexpensive, and easy to use self cleaning mixtures that use photoactive agents such as titanium dioxide(TiO2) and tungsten oxide(WO3) along with mixing the agents with co-catalysts such as carbon(C), Fe(iron), Cu(copper), Ni(nickel) and CO2P. In addition, the co-catalyst loading can include up to approximately 5% carbon to maximize the inhibiting algae growth. The mixtures can be used to inhibit various growth organisms such as but not limited to algae, fungus, bacteria and mold. The agents can be combined together, and/or each agent can be combined with various coatings, such as but not limited to a cement or a polymer binder. The coatings can be applied to surfaces that are exposed to water such as but not limited to an aquarium, liners on the inner walls of swimming pools, drinking water tanks, and the like. Additionally, the coatings can be used as surfacing agent in contact with water within solar water heaters, piping adjacent to pool pumps, and the like.

Abstract: A water soluble copper salt, preferably cupric sulfate pentahydrate, is mixed with water. A small quantity of an acidic flocculent is added to the copper sulfate solution to acidify the water and promote dissolving of the copper sulfate in the water. A 25-50% water solution of an acidic flocculant, with or without a cationic polymeric flocculent aid, is prepared and pumped into a processing vessel or tank. The acidified copper sulfate solution is added to the tank and mixed with the acidic flocculent. The algicide-flocculant solution is transported to a municipal water plant and added to raw water in the clarifier to drop out particulates in the incoming water and control algae in the clarifier.

Abstract: A method of improving the rate of dissolution in water of low solubility compounds by combining a low solubility compound with a rheology additive that is made of platelets or particles which orient together with ionic or hydrogen bonds. The inventive method also may improve the hydrolytic stability of hydraulically unstable low solubility compounds.

Abstract: A water soluble copper salt, preferably cupric sulfate pentahydrate, is mixed with water. A small quantity of an acidic flocculant is added to the copper sulfate solution to acidify the water and promote dissolving of the copper sulfate in the water. A 25-50% water solution of an acidic flocculant, with or without a cationic polymeric flocculant aid, is prepared and pumped into a processing vessel or tank. The acidified copper sulfate solution is added to the tank and mixed with the acidic flocculant. The algicide-flocculant solution is transported to a municipal water plant and added to raw water in the clarifier to drop out particulates in the incoming water and control algae in the clarifier.

Abstract: A composition of matter and the method of making that provides a low pH acidic composition that is useful for destroying microorganisms that are undesirable and useful for destroying or reducing melanoma on human skin. The composition and method include sulfuric acid combined with distilled water and ammonium sulfate under at least 15 psi pressure in a pressurized container, all of which is heated to approximately 800° F. or more for at least 3 hours. The final cooled mixture is stabilized with 10 percent of the original mixture. The resultant composition is useful for preserving food, such as fresh fish, and for skin treatment of melanoma.

Abstract: Stable microbicidal compositions containing a 3-isothiazolone compound, organic oxidants, copper salts and water are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of stabilizing 3-isothiazolone compositions.

Abstract: A Thiobacillus thiooxidans growth inhibitor containing as the active ingredient at least one substance selected from the group consisting of a tungsten powder and tungsten compounds. Under acidic conditions of pH value of 4 or less, this growth inhibitor sufficiently inhibits the growth of T. thiooxidans. When added in a very small amount to, for example, a structural material such as concrete in a sewage disposal plant, etc., it can therefore inhibit the growth of T. thiooxidans without substantially decreasing the strength, etc. of the structural material per se.

Abstract: A stabilized two-part disinfecting system comprising a first part and a second part adapted to be mixed to yield an aqueous disinfecting composition. The first part contains a non-esterifying acid and an alcohol-containing humectant or antifreeze, while the second part contains a salt of an organic acid and an optional metal chlorite. Methods for making a disinfecting composition by mixing the two-part disinfecting system, as well as for disinfecting substrates by contact therewith, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A herbicidal composition for preventing the growth of weeds in rice fields which comprises active carbon in a powder form dispersed in water in the presence of a starch or a derivative of starch. The herbicidal composition prevents the growth of weeds on the surface of soil covered with water in a rice field by decreasing the amount of light which passes through the water covering the soil. The herbicidal composition does not cause any problem regarding food sanitation, maintains the effect for a long period of time with stability by repeated applications, is inexpensive and can be used advantageously.

Abstract: This invention provides a red tide eliminating composition comprising:(a) at least one (polyoxyalkylene) fatty acid ester represented by the formula (1)RCOO (AO)nH (1)wherein R represents a C.sub.7-22 alkyl or alkenyl group, n represents an integer of 1 to 30 and AO represents a C.sub.2-4 alkylene oxide, and(b) at least one powdery adsorbent; wherein, based on the total weight of the above at least one (polyoxyalkylene) fatty acid ester (a) represented by the formula (1) and the above at least one adsorbent (b), the above at least one (polyoxyalkylene) fatty acid ester (a) represented by the formula (1) is present in an amount of 1 to 70 wt. % and the above at least one adsorbent (b) is present in an amount of 99 to 30 wt. %; and a method for eliminating red tide by use of the composition.

Abstract: A composition of matter and the method of making that provides a low pH acidic composition that is useful for destroying microorganisms that are undesirable and useful for destroying or reducing melanomas on human skin. The composition and method include sulfuric acid combined with distilled water and ammonium sulfate under at least 15 psi pressure in a pressurized container, all of which is heated to approximately 800° F. or more for at least 3 hours. The final cooled mixture is stabilized with 10 percent of the original mixture. The resultant composition is useful for preserving food, such as fresh fish, and for skin treatment of melanoma and as bactericides, fungicides, or viricides.