Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a composition as a fungicide, wherein said composition comprises at least one compound of formula (I) or formula (II) wherein wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are independently of each other H, OH or OCH3.

Abstract: In one aspect, organic coating compositions, particularly antireflective coating compositions, are provided that comprise that comprise a diene/dienophile reaction product. In another aspect, organic coating compositions, particularly antireflective coating compositions, are provided that comprise a component comprising a hydroxyl-naphthoic group, such as a 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic group Preferred compositions of the invention are useful to reduce reflection of exposing radiation from a substrate back into an overcoated photoresist layer and/or function as a planarizing, conformal or via-fill layer.

Abstract: A method for controlling aquatic weeds which comprises applying a herbicidally effective amount of a solid formulation of at least one compound of formula (I) wherein X is halogen and R is halogen or C1-C6 alkyl, and/or one or more agriculturally acceptable salts thereof to the bottom of the aqueous habitat of the aquatic weeds to act on submersed aquatic weeds and/or their aqueous habitat containing seeds or other propagating organs of said aquatic weeds.

Abstract: A plant or algae control composition is disclosed. The composition contains a herbicide and/or algaecide combined with an amplifying agent. The amplifying agent may comprise a polypeptide, such as a protein. The amplifying agent is added in an amount sufficient for the efficacy of the herbicide and/or algaecide to be improved. For instance, the presence of the amplifying agent allows for the herbicide and/or algaecide to be used at lower concentrations but have the same potency.

Abstract: Described are preferred methods and compositions for controlling aquatic weeds that involve the use of an ALS-inhibiting herbicidal agent such as penoxsulam in combination with endothall. Preferred herbicidal combinations allow for enhanced control when treating a body of water to control a target weed population, such as hydrilla.

Abstract: Described are methods and systems for managing watermilfoil populations in bodies of water such as lakes. In certain forms, the methods and systems involve the use of genetic analysis to determine whether a watermifoil population targeted for herbicidal control has a genetic relationship with hybrid (e.g. Northern×Eurasian) watermilfoil plants known to exhibit herbicidal tolerance. In one aspect, it has for the first time been discovered that such hybrid watermilfoil plants include significant clustering groups that exhibit herbicide tolerance. This can be used in the design and implementation of herbicidal treatment regimens against a new target watermilfoil population.

Abstract: Described are preferred solid herbicidal formulations that include one or more herbicides in combination with a solid carrier, as well as methods of manufacture and use thereof. Solid herbicidal formulations are designed to deliver a moderated release of the incorporated load of herbicidal agent(s), for example to enhance uptake by target plants and/or the ability to spatially control a plant population within a body of water that exhibits flow.

Abstract: Crop protection compositions, formulated as powder, granules or water-based, of active compounds having foliar or systemic action are characterized in that they comprise, in the case of herbicide preparations, at least one herbicide from the groups of the urea derivatives or sulphonylureas, the carbamates, biscarbamates, diphenyl ethers, pyridolylacetic acid derivatives, pyridazines, triazines, triazinones, uracils, benzofuran derivatives, glyphosate or glufosinate, in the case of fungicide preparations, at least one fungicide from the group of the morpholines, azoles, phthalimides or piperidines, in the case of insecticide preparations, at least one insecticide from the group of the pyrethroids, carbamates or organophosphates, or possible salts or esters of the abovementioned groups of active compounds, at least one inorganic adsorbent and at least one surfactant, preferably from the group of the ethoxylated C6-to C20-alcohols, preferably C8- to C16-alcohols, the ethoxylated castor oils or the alkyl ether su

Abstract: Microbicidal compositions including (a) cyanodithiocarbimate and (b) an N-alkyl heterocyclic compound; a triazole compound or salt thereof or metal complex thereof; a microbicide with an activated halogen atom or a formaldehyde releasing compound; 1,4-bis(bromoacetoxy)-2-butene; 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole; a methylene-bis(thiocyanate); a halogenated acetophenone; a halopropynl compound; an iodosulfone; a phenol; a halocyanoacetamide compound and/or a quaternary ammonium compound are described. Components (a) and (b) can be present in a synergistically effective amount to control the growth of at least one microorganism. Methods for controlling the growth of microorganisms with the compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A new use of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid (HMTB) as an inducer, within the plant, of ethylene and polyamine synthesis, mainly putrescine, capable of regulating fruit maturation processes, both in relation to fruit abscission and in relation to color and sugar content, containing mineral elements such as phosphorous, potassium and nitrogen.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for controlling the growth of algae, especially nuisance algae, in recirculating water systems. The water systems encompass industrial and recreational applications. The compounds for use in the compositions and methods of the invention possess anti-algal activity and are selected from a herbicide and an agricultural fungicide or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to wood which contains a sorbic acid store and to processes for producing the sorbic acid store in the wood or on the surface of the wood. The present invention also relates to a process for using sorbic acid and its salts for protecting wood from microbially induced degradation.

Abstract: The invention relates to wood which is impregnated with sorbic acid and/or one or more salts of sorbic acid. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for protecting wood by treatment with sorbic acid and/or one or more salts of sorbic acid.

Abstract: Metal-containing biocides for treating swimming pool water, spas, cooling towers, or other industrial applications without staining are disclosed. The biocidal compositions include a source of metal and a polymeric sequestering agent. The polymeric sequestering agent may be a water-soluble anionic or cationic polymer. Conventional sequestering agents may also be included in the composition.

Abstract: The invention is organic pesticides made from components of hop extract by preparing stable aqueous emulsions of hop acids and other hop extract components. The hop acids and other hop extract components are suspended as stable, colloidal preparations in water, which can be sprayed directly on plants for pest control.

Abstract: Controlled release compositions of matter are disclosed comprising complexes for treating a population of one or more aquatic organisms in a column of water. The complexes comprise at least one system wherein the system comprises at least one bioactive agent as a component selected for treating a population of aquatic organisms, at least one carrier component, and at least one coating component for regulating the controlled release rate and release profile of the bioactive agent in water or at least one bioactive agent and one joint-function component that can serve as both a carrier and coating to regulate the controlled release rate and release profile of the bioactive agent in water, with or without optional binder components and/or additional formulation materials. The components are selected to sink or float so that the complexes will permeate and/or remain in any planar or volumetric segment of a water column for a period of time that is sufficient to effectively treat a population of aquatic organisms.

Abstract: Controlled release compositions of matter are disclosed comprising complexes for treating a population of one or more aquatic organisms in a column of water. The complexes comprise at least one system wherein the system comprises at least one bioactive agent as a component selected for treating a population of aquatic organisms, at least one carrier component, and at least one coating component for regulating the controlled release rate and release profile of the bioactive agent in water or at least one bioactive agent and one joint-function component that can serve as both a carrier and coating to regulate the controlled release rate and release profile of the bioactive agent in water, with or without optional binder components and/or additional formulation materials. The components are selected to sink or float so that the complexes will permeate and/or remain in any planar or volumetric segment of a water column for a period of time that is sufficient to effectively treat a population of aquatic organisms.

Abstract: A method for disinfecting a substrate is provided. The substrate is contacted with a biocidal effective amount of a composition of (a) at least one quaternary ammonium carbonate, bicarbonate, or any combination thereof; (b) a solvent selected from the group consisting of water and propylene glycol; and (c) optionally, a surfactant.

Abstract: Both a process and a method of using peracid compositions, especially mixed peracid systems, to treat field or greenhouse grown plant tissue, seeds, fruits, and growing media and containers. The peracid can lower the natural, plant pathogen and human pathogenic microbial load resulting in less waste to molding, spoilage, and destruction because of pathogenic poisons.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a biocidal composition for inhibition fungal, bacterial and algae growth which comprises a mixture of tetrachloroisophthalonitrile and 3-iodo-2-propynly butyl carbamate.

Abstract: A method and composition for inhibiting the growth of a weed is described. The herbicidal composition comprises an agriculturally-acceptable carrier in combination with a compound of Formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is alkylcarbonyl or arylcarbonyl; R.sup.2 is alkyl or H; R.sup.3 is H, OH or alkoxy; R.sup.4 is H or OH; and R.sup.5 is H, OH or alkoxy.

Abstract: This invention provides a red tide eliminating composition comprising:(a) at least one (polyoxyalkylene) fatty acid ester represented by the formula (1)RCOO (AO)nH (1)wherein R represents a C.sub.7-22 alkyl or alkenyl group, n represents an integer of 1 to 30 and AO represents a C.sub.2-4 alkylene oxide, and(b) at least one powdery adsorbent; wherein, based on the total weight of the above at least one (polyoxyalkylene) fatty acid ester (a) represented by the formula (1) and the above at least one adsorbent (b), the above at least one (polyoxyalkylene) fatty acid ester (a) represented by the formula (1) is present in an amount of 1 to 70 wt. % and the above at least one adsorbent (b) is present in an amount of 99 to 30 wt. %; and a method for eliminating red tide by use of the composition.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a broad spectrum fungicide/algaecide composition which comprises a mixture of (a) at least one halopropynyl compound and (b) at least one sulfur-containing s-triazine, said mixture provided in an amount to prevent and/or protect a substrate from attack by one or more fungal and/or algael organisms. The composition can be used broadly in industrial systems and more particularly with substrates such as paints, coatings, stucco, concrete, stone, cementaceous surfaces, wood, caulking, sealants, textiles, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method to inhibit bacteria from adhering to a submergible surface. The method contacts the submergible surface with an effective amount of at least one oxime ester to inhibit bacterial adhesion to the submergible surface. The present invention also relates to a method for controlling biofouling of an aqueous system. This method adds an effective amount of at least one oxime ester to inhibit bacteria from adhering to a submerged surface within the aqueous system.. This method effectively controls biofouling without substantially killing the bacteria. The oxime ester used in the method of the invention has the following formula: ##STR1## The present invention also relates to compositions containing oxime esters and useable in the above methods. The compositions comprise at least one oxime ester in an amount effective to inhibit bacteria from adhering to submergible or submerged surfaces.

Abstract: Process for the purifying of waters for human consumption by means of a treatment with organic peracids, such as peracetic acid, performic acid, perpropionic acid.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a broad spectrum fungicide/algaecide composition which comprises a mixture of (a) at least one halopropynyl compound and (b) at least one sulfur-containing s-triazine, said mixture provided in an amount to prevent and/or protect a substrate from attack by one or more fungal and/or algael organisms. The composition can be used broadly in industrial systems and more particularly with substrates such as paints, coatings, stucco, concrete, stone, cementaceous surfaces, wood, caulking, sealants, textiles, and the like.

Abstract: A method and product for killing agricultural pests including insects, plants, plant rhyzomes, plant nuts, and fungi, comprises a toxic substrance which includes fatty acids, soaps, and inorganic and organic acids. The pesticide toxin is heated to a temperature within the range of 100.degree. F. to 215.degree. F. The pesticide toxin is a low concentration within the range of 0.1% to 3% and, when applied to plants and the soil surface, rapidly kills pests. When the toxic concentration is injected into the soil, the toxic concentration volatilizes and the toxic vapors rapidly reach and kill insects, fungi, plant nuts and plant rhyzomes.

Abstract: Synergistic antimicrobial combinations comprising 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane and at least one ester of parahydroxybenzoic acid are disclosed. Methods for using these synergistic combinations to inhibit microbial growth are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for increasing plant growth and productivity comprising treating the roots, stems and/or foliage of the plant with .gamma.-aminobutyric acid and succinic acid as a readily metabolized source of carbon. The present invention also provides for a process for increasing plant growth and productivity comprising treating the roots of the plant with .gamma.-aminobutyric acid and succinic acid, and a process for increasing the rate of root formation in a plant comprising treating the roots, stems and foliage of the plant with .gamma.-aminobutyric acid and succinic acid. Further, plant growth is increased by application of mixtures of .gamma.-aminobutyric acid and synthetic succinic acid, in a suitable carrier to a plant.

Abstract: Copper-containing algicides for treating swimming pool water without staining are disclosed. The algicidal compositions include a source of copper and a polymeric sequestering agent. The polymeric sequestering agent may be a water-soluble anionic or cationic polymer. Conventional sequestering agents may also be included in the composition.

Abstract: A new process has been developed for preparing high purity neem seed extract by adsorbing aqueous solutions of neem seed extract containing azadirachtin onto a macroporous polymeric adsorbent followed by desorption using a solvent. The resulting extract, optionally formulated, is a useful insecticide for the control of foliar pests.

Abstract: Synergistic microbicidal compositions are disclosed, comprising 4,5-dichloro-2-cyclohexyl-3-isothiazolone and one or more known microbicides for more effective, and broader control of microorganisms in various systems.

Abstract: This invention relates to synergistic antimicrobial and biocidal compositions comprising 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and one or more commercial biocides for more effective, and broader control of microorganisms in various industrial systems.

Abstract: Synergistic antialgal compositions comprising substituted fluoroalkyl diphenylethers and a material selected from the group consisting of sodium hypochlorite, halodialkylhydantoin, n-alkyl dimethyl benzylammonium chloride, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, poly[oxyethylene(dimethylimino)ethylene(dimethylimino)ethylene dichloride], 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate, sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine and salts thereof, zinc bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate), p-tolydiiodomethylsulfone and fatty acid salt in ratios to each other which exhibit synergism are disclosed. Particularly effective combinations are based on oxyfluorfen as the diphenylether for use in protecting aqueous systems, such as latices and cooling water systems, from algal growth.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is selected from the group consisting of (1) phenyl, (2) naphthyl, (3) phenyl substituted with one or more halo, cyano, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl, nitro, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)haloalkyl, and (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)thioalkyl, (4) naphthyl substituted with one or more halo, cyano, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl, nitro, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)haloalkyl, and (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)thioalkyl, (5) thiophene, (6) furan, (7) thiophene substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo and nitro, and (8) furan substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo and nitro;R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted phenyl wherein the substituents are selected from one or more halo, cyano, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl, nitro, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) haloalkyl, and (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)thioalkyl andR.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of (C.sub.1 -C.sub.