Abstract: A signal transmission system includes: a transmitting section including a first carrier signal generating section configured to generate a carrier signal for modulation and a first frequency converting section configured to generate a transmission signal by frequency-converting a transmission object signal by the carrier signal for modulation, the carrier signal for modulation being generated by the first carrier signal generating section; and a receiving section including a second carrier signal generating section configured to generate a carrier signal for demodulation and a second frequency converting section configured to frequency-convert the transmission signal received by the carrier signal for demodulation, the carrier signal for demodulation being generated by the second carrier signal generating section.

Abstract: Several embodiments of a novel technique for limiting transmission of fault current are disclosed. Current power distribution systems typically have an impedance, or reactor, on the output of the network equipment to limit current in the case of a fault condition. A low resistance switch, which changes its resistance in the presence of high current, is connected in parallel with this reactor. Thus, in normal operation, the current from the power generator bypasses the reactor, thereby minimizing power loss. However, in the presence of a fault, the resistance of the switch increases, forcing the current to pass through the reactor, thereby limiting the fault current.

Abstract: Intermodulation distortion (IMD) is known to be an impediment to progress in superconductor-based filter technology. The present invention's methodology for reducing IMD can open doors to heretofore unseen practical applications involving high temperature superconductor (HTS) filters. Typical inventive practice includes (a) increasing the thickness d, and/or (b) changing the operation temperature T, of the filter's HTS film. The film's thickness d is increased in such a way as to decrease the IMD power PIMD in accordance with the material-independent proportionate relationship PIMD?1/d1.5-6. The film's operation temperature T is bettered or optimized in accordance with the material-independent proportionate relationship PIMD?(?O(T))10(K(2)(T))2/(?O(T))6, and further in accordance with three individual material-dependent relationships, namely, between operation temperature T and each of linear penetration depth ?O, gap maximum ?O, and kernel K(2).

Abstract: In a wall of a package base made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, there is formed a through-hole, through which a semi-rigid coaxial cable passes. A central conductor of the semi-rigid coaxial cable is joined to an electrode with a solder material. The semi-rigid coaxial cable has an insulating material through which the central conductor passes and an outer conductor provided therearound. The central conductor and outer conductor are made of stainless steel, for example, and the insulating material is made of fluororesin, for example. Inside the through-hole, the wall of the package base and the outer conductor are electrically connected to each other via a stainless material within the hole formed in a cylindrical fluororesin material. The semi-rigid coaxial cable and the like are fixed to the wall with a conductive screw.

Abstract: A signal switching device including a plurality of transmission paths connected to an input path, the signal switching device outputting a signal from the input path through one of the transmission paths, including a first variable impedance unit connected to a first transmission path, the first variable impedance unit including a first section formed from a superconducting material, the first section being set to a non-superconducting state when the signal is to be output through a second transmission path, the first section including a portion of a predetermined length at an input end, the portion having an area of a cross section less than an area of a cross section of the first section at an output end.

Abstract: Intermodulation distortion (IMD) is known to be an impediment to progress in superconductor-based filter technology. The present invention's methodology for reducing IMD can open doors to heretofore unseen practical applications involving high temperature superconductor (HTS) filters. Typical inventive practice includes (a) increasing the thickness d, and/or (b) changing the operation temperature T, of the filter's HTS film. The film's thickness d is increased in such a way as to decrease the IMD power PIMD in accordance with the material-independent proportionate relationship PIMD?1/d1.5-6. The film's operation temperature T is bettered or optimized in accordance with the material-independent proportionate relationship PIMD?(?O(T))10(K(2)(T))2/(?O(T))6, and further in accordance with three individual material-dependent relationships, namely, between operation temperature T and each of linear penetration depth ?O, gap maximum ?O, and kernel K(2).

Abstract: Systems and methods for simple, efficient and/or cost effective manufacturing and assembly of electronic devices are provided. These may include various ways of coupling, attaching, and/or connecting the various components to one another, for improved cost and ease of assembly. A number of clips may be used to attach together various parts of an electronic system and housing including circuit devices, enclosure lid and housing, and/or cabling. These clips may be screw-less, may be made of a resilient or spring material, designed so that they quickly snap into place and provide good mechanical strength and electrical connection. Various circuit elements may include planar circuits, and may include filter(s) made of a high temperature superconductor material, low noise amplifier(s), switch(es), an isolator(s), and/or attenuator(s). A planar cable may be used for electrical connecting of components. These approaches may be used in, e.g., wireless communication systems and may be cryo-cooled.

Abstract: A signal switching device is disclosed that is capable of transmitting signals with less signal loss while securing a good isolation characteristic. The signal switching device includes a first section formed from a superconducting material connected to a first transmission path. The first section has a smaller cross section at the input end than at the output end or, the signal switching device may include a first section formed from a superconducting material connected to a first transmission path in series, and a second section formed from a superconducting material connected to a second transmission path in parallel. The cross section of the second section is smaller than that of the second transmission path. The length of the second transmission path is determined in such a way that an input impedance of the second transmission path is sufficiently large when the second section is in a superconducting state.

Abstract: Novel structures and methods for forming useful high temperature superconducting devices, most particularly resonators, are provided. Structures resulting in reduced peak current densities relative to known structures achieve numerous desirable benefits, especially including the reduced intermodulation effects of earlier resonators. In one aspect of this invention, a spiral in, spiral out resonator is provided, characterized in that it has an odd number of long runs, at least equal to five long runs, where the long runs are connected by turns, and wherein there are at least two sequential turns of the same handedness, followed by at least two turns of the opposite handedness. In yet another aspect of this invention, it has been discovered that reducing the size of the input and output pads of HTS resonators increases the relative inductance compared to the capacitance. Yet another resonator structure is a spiral snake resonator having a terminal end disposed within the resonator.

Abstract: A compact superconducting filter device can easily change a bandwidth and a center frequency without changing a pattern or shape of the filter. A filter pattern is formed on a substrate made of a dielectric material. The filter pattern is made of a superconductor material. A signal input line and a signal output line are formed on the substrate so as to extend from a periphery of the filter pattern. An adjust plate is located above the filter pattern with a predetermined distance therebetween. The adjust plate is formed of one of an electrically conductive material, a superconductive material and a dielectric material.

Abstract: A superconducting filter including input/output feeders formed on one surface of a dielectric substrate, resonator patterns formed on one surface of the dielectric substrate, and a dielectric plate mounted on the one surface of the dielectric substrate with a plurality of spacers formed on said one surface of the dielectric substrate disposed therebetween. The dielectric plate covers the region including the resonator patterns, and the input/output feeders length-wise over the length within ±20% of positive integer times a ¼ effective wavelength from the sides nearer to the resonator patterns.

Abstract: The present invention relates to superconductive filter technology. According to the arrangement of the superconductive filter (1), a columnar resonating member (23) having a superconductive material formed on the surface thereof is attached at one of its ends thereof to an inner wall (22) of a filter housing (21) so that a space is interposed between the columnar resonating member and each of connectors (27a, 27b) which are connectable to a signal input/output cables (5a, 5b), respectively. According to this arrangement, heat conduction from the outside can be suppressed as far as possible, and the superconductive condition can be created with stability, with the result that a stable filtering characteristic can be created.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing dynamic and remote tuning of a cryo-cooled bandpass filter is disclosed. The device includes resonator element and a voltage sensitive element as part of the capacitance in a narrow band filter circuit. A varactor such as a GaAs varactor may be used. Alternatively, a capacitor having a voltage-sensitive dielectric such as SrTiO3 may be used. A computer may be connected to the varactor to provide for automated tuning. The voltage-sensitive capacitor may be integral with the resonator element. The invention provides for remote and dynamic tuning of a narrow bandpass filter while located within its sealed cryo-cooled environment.

Abstract: A resonator for use in a radio frequency filter including a substantially planar resonant portion that is substantially elliptical in plan. The resonant portion is mounted on a dielectric substrate. The resonator is configured to operate in at least a mode in which resonance occurs with a radial current and with substantially no current along the edge of the resonant portion. A filter comprising a plurality of the resonators is also disclosed.

Abstract: A tunable filter having a fixed substrate, a first and second plate comprising a high-temperature superconductor material on the fixed substrate, a movable substrate, a mechanical driver attached to the fixed substrate and the movable substrate, a floating plate comprising a high-temperature superconductor material on the fixed substrate wherein the floating plate, the first plate, and the second plate define a gap, and wherein the gap is varied by length changes in the mechanical driver is provided.

Abstract: Novel structures and methods for forming useful high temperature superconducting devices, most particularly resonators, are provided. Structures resulting in reduced peak current densities relative to known structures achieve numerous desirable benefits, especially including the reduced intermodulation effects of earlier resonators. In one aspect of this invention, a spiral in, spiral out resonator is provided, characterized in that it has an odd number of long runs, at least equal to five long runs, where the long runs are connected by turns, and wherein there are at least two sequential turns of the same handedness, followed by at least two turns of the opposite handedness. In yet another aspect of this invention, it has been discovered that reducing the size of the input and output pads of HTS resonators increases the relative inductance compared to the capacitance. Yet another resonator structure is a spiral snake resonator having a terminal end disposed within the resonator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to superconductive filter technology. According to the arrangement of the superconductive filter (1), a columnar resonating member (23) having a superconductive material formed on the surface thereof is attached at one of its ends thereof to an inner wall (22) of a filter housing (21) so that a space is interposed between the columnar resonating member and each of connectors (27a, 27b) which are connectable to a signal input/output cables (5a, 5b), respectively. According to this arrangement, heat conduction from the outside can be suppressed as far as possible, and the superconductive condition can be created with stability, with the result that a stable filtering characteristic can be created.

Abstract: A superconducting microstrip filter capable of achieving an improvement of power resistance without enlarging the overall size and while maintaining steep cut characteristics. This filter has a resonator section including at least one resonator. This resonator forms a current density reduction part in one part of its line pattern. Also, the filter has an input line section arranged adjoining the resonator of an initial stage. Current density reduction parts are formed in one part of this input line section. Alternatively, the input line section is comprised of a normal conductor.

Abstract: A device and method for tuning a planar filter through a wide range of center frequencies are disclosed. The tuning assembly includes a superconductive tuning tip and an actuator configured and adapted to move the tuning tip through a sufficient range of distances from a resonator or a portion thereof to vary the resonant frequency of the resonator by at least about 10% of the untuned frequency in at least one increment of 0.01% or smaller. An actuator and a position-sensor can be employed in a closed loop feedback system to control the position of the tuning tips. The present invention also provides a method of tuning a filter that includes moving a tuning tip through a sufficient range of distances from a resonator to vary the resonant frequency of the resonator by at least about 10% in at least one increment of 0.01% or smaller.

Abstract: A closed conductive loop for use in planar circuits to realize shunt capacitors instead of conductive patches is disclosed. The closed conductive loop may be formed on a planar substrate or extend to multiple conductive layers in a multi-layer circuit. The use of closed conductive loops as shunt capacitors offers possibilities of more flexible circuit layout, reduced circuit footprint and comparable or improved performance as compared to using conductive patches as shunt capacitors.

Abstract: High temperature superconductor mini-filters and mini-multiplexers utilize self-resonant spiral resonators and have very small size and very low cross-talk between adjacent channels.

Abstract: A dual operation mode all temperature filter is provided. The dual operation mode filter is provided with a housing defining at least two cavities, an input port and an output port. It is also provided with a non-superconducting resonator disposed in a first one of the cavities and a superconducting resonator disposed in a second one of the cavities. The second resonator comprises a superconducting material containing 8-15% silver. The dual operation mode filter filters at a relatively high level at temperatures below a threshold temperature and at a lower, conventional level, at temperatures below the threshold.

Abstract: A tunable filter having a fixed substrate, a first and second plate comprising a high-temperature superconductor material on the fixed substrate, a movable substrate, a mechanical driver attached to the fixed substrate and the movable substrate, a floating plate comprising a high-temperature superconductor material on the fixed substrate wherein the floating plate, the first plate, and the second plate define a gap, and wherein the gap is varied by length changes in the mechanical driver is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high-temperature superconductor low-pass filter for removing broadband harmonics in a wireless communication system. The high-temperature superconductor low-pass filter includes a coupled line section and a transmission line section, in which the coupled line section is connected in parallel with the transmission line section. The coupled line section has two microstrip open-stub type parallel stripe lines stacked on a high-temperature superconductor, and the transmission line section has one stripe line. Since the high-temperature superconductor low-pass filter has attenuation poles at a stopband, it has stopband characteristics to 7-8 times wider than a cutoff frequency. The high-temperature superconductor low-pass filter can easily remove sub-harmonics which are inevitably occurred in the wireless communication system.

Abstract: Multi-stage electric filters with improved intermodulation-distortion characteristics and a method for designing such electric filters is provided. In general, the invention may include a multi-resonator electric filter in which one or more of the resonators have been intentionally designed to have a different IP and/or Q than the other resonators in the electric filter. In one case, the electric filters include a 4-resonator Chebyshev narrow pass-band filter with at least the first resonator having a Q and/or IP different from at least one other resonator in the filter. The filter thereby has improved IMD power over conventional designed filters while maintaining high Q. In a preferred embodiment the filter may include a superconducting material. The relative Q and IP of the respective resonators in the improved filter may depend on the relative strength of in-band and out-of-band signals.

Abstract: An electrical interconnect provides a path between cryogenic or cryocooled circuitry and ambient temperatures. As a system, a cryocable 10 is combined with a trough-line contact or transition 20. In the preferred embodiment, the cryocable 10 comprises a conductor 11 disposed adjacent an insulator 12 which is in turn disposed adjacent another conductor 13. The components are sized so as to balance heat load through the cryocable 10 with the insertion loss. In the most preferred embodiment, a coaxial cryocable 10 has a center conductor 11 surrounded by a dielectric 12 (e.g. Teflon™) surrounded by an outer conductor 13 which has a thickness between about 6 and 20 microns. The heat load is preferably less than one Watt, and most preferably less than one tenth of a Watt, with an insertion loss less than one decibel.

Abstract: A resonator for rf frequencies, especially microwave, in telecommunications systems, with an extremely stable resonant frequency over a desired operating temperature range, of predetermined width (Y) and thickness (X) and having a predetermined length (Z) in the direction of propagation for achieving a desired resonance, comprises a dielectric substrate of rutile, and first and second temperature compensating layers of sapphire on two opposite faces of the substrate and extending along the length of the substrate, these sapphire layers having a predetermined thickness, and first and second superconducting layers formed on the outer surfaces of the temperature compensating layers.

Abstract: A filter device includes a super-conducting type filters connected in series with each other and is accommodated in a vacuum chamber. Operating temperatures of the filters are controlled to different temperatures from the outside of the vacuum chamber independently of each other. Each filter varies its filtering characteristics, particularly its central frequency of pass-band, in correspondence with the operating temperature, while maintaining the same pass-band width. As the filters operated at the different operating temperatures provide different filtering characteristics, the combined or resulting filtering characteristics of the filtering device can be adjusted as desired even after the filtering device is installed at a mobile telecommunication base station.

Abstract: There is disclosed a planar filter which can variably control a pass frequency band with a high precision and which is superior in skirt property and little in ripple. A planar filter member and tuning member are disposed opposite to each other via a predetermined gap. The filter member is structured in such a manner that an input/output portion formed of a superconductor and a plurality of resonance elements are formed on a substrate. The tuning member is structured in such a manner that on the surface of a magnetic plate with a permeability changing by an applied magnetic field, a plurality of dielectric thin films, and a plurality of electrodes for applying electric fields to the dielectric thin films are arranged. Each of the dielectric thin films is disposed in a position opposite to a gap between the resonance elements of the filter member, or a gap between the filter member and the input/output portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method and apparatus to control non-adjacent cross-coupling in a micro-strip filter. In instances of weak cross-coupling, such as a filter circuit on a high dielectric constant substrate material (e.g., LaAIO3 with dielectric constant of 24), a closed loop is used to inductively enhance the cross-coupling. The closed loop increases the transmission zero levels. For strong cross-coupling cases, such as a filter circuit on a lower dielectric constant substrate material (e.g., MgO with dielectric constant of 9.6), a capacitive cross-coupling cancellation mechanism is introduced to reduce the cross-coupling. In the latter instance, the transmission zero levels are moved down.

Abstract: A microwave device includes a number of parallel-plate resonators that include at least one dielectric substrate and first and second plates arranged on either side of the substrate. At least one of the plates of each of a number of the parallel-plate resonators includes a current interrupting device such that the current lines of at least one undesired mode are interrupted at their maxima to suppress the undesired mode. There is also described a method of interrupting undesired modes in a microwave device having a number of parallel-plate resonators.

Abstract: Multi-stage electric filters with improved intermodulation-distortion characteristics and a method for designing such electric filters is provided. In general, the invention may include a multi-resonator electric filter in which one or more of the resonators have been intentionally designed to have a different IP and/or Q than the other resonators in the electric filter. In one case, the electric filters include a 4-resonator Chebyshev narrow pass-band filter with at least the first resonator having a Q and/or IP different from at least one other resonator in the filter. The filter thereby has improved IMD power over conventional designed filters while maintaining high Q. In a preferred embodiment the filter may include a superconducting material. The relative Q and IP of the respective resonators in the improved filter may depend on the relative strength of in-band and out-of-band signals.

Abstract: A compact dielectric resonator of high Qu, in which an electrode formed of an oxide superconducting material is provided on a surface of the dielectric so as to serve as an electrode. A dielectric filter, dielectric duplexer and a communications device, in which the compact resonator is incorporated, are also provided. The dielectric which constitutes the dielectric resonator of the present invention is preferably a Ba(Mg, Ma)03-based dielectric (wherein Ma is at least one pentavalent elemental metal but cannot be Ta alone), and the oxide superconducting electrode is formed of an oxide superconducting material selected from among a RE—M—Cu—O-based oxide superconducting material (wherein RE is a rare earth element and M is an alkaline earth metal element), a Bi—Sr—Ca—Cu—O-based oxide superconducting material (which encompasses those in which Bi is partially substituted by Pb), and a Tl—Ba—Ca—Cu—O-based oxide superconducting material.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a dual-mode band pass filter consisting of resonators each having a spherically shaped dielectric arranged on at least one high-temperature superconductive film, with a shielding housing, which is arranged over the high-temperature superconductive film and which encloses the dielectric, and with a coupling device for coupling the dipole modes, as well as other coupling and tuning elements.

Abstract: A non-linear transmission line has high temperature superconductive elements periodically loaded thereon. The elements have non-linear characteristics that provide voltage dependent non-linearity to the transmission line. The line can have a circuit with a first layer and a second layer with the second layer having several interdigital circuits printed thereon. The line can also have a meandering configuration or a spiral configuration.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high-temperature superconductor low-pass filter for removing broadband harmonics in a wireless communication system. The high-temperature superconductor low-pass filter includes a coupled line section and a transmission line section, in which the coupled line section is connected in parallel with the transmission line section. The coupled line section has two microstrip open-stub type parallel stripe lines stacked on a high-temperature superconductor, and the transmission line section has one stripe line. Since the high-temperature superconductor low-pass filter has attenuation poles at a stopband, it has stopband characteristics to 7-8 times wider than a cutoff frequency. The high-temperature superconductor low-pass filter can easily remove sub-harmonics which are inevitably occurred in the wireless communication system.

Abstract: A high frequency low loss electrode includes a main conductor and at least one sub-conductors formed along a side of the main conductor. At least one of the at least one sub-conductor has a multi-layer structure in which thin-film conductors and thin-film dielectrics are alternately laminated.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a super-narrow band filter using frequency dependent L-C components. The invention utilizes a frequency dependent L-C circuit with a positive slope k for the inductor values as a function of frequency. The positive k value allows the realization of a very narrow-band filter.

Abstract: Novel structures and methods for forming useful high temperature superconducting devices, most particularly resonators, are provided. Structures resulting in reduced peak current densities relative to known structures achieve numerous desirable benefits, especially including the reduced intermodulation effects of earlier resonators. In one aspect of this invention, a spiral in, spiral out resonator is provided, characterized in that it has an odd number of long runs, at least equal to five long runs, where the long runs are connected by turns, and wherein there are at least two sequential turns of the same handedness, followed by at least two turns of the opposite handedness. In yet another aspect of this invention, it has been discovered that reducing the size of the input and output pads of HTS resonators increases the relative inductance compared to the capacitance. Yet another resonator structure is a spiral snake resonator having a terminal end disposed within the resonator.

Abstract: A high-frequency circuit element that realizes a high degree of input-output coupling without causing an increase in loss and irregularity in impedance. A resonator made of a conductor film is formed on a substrate made of a dielectric monocrystal or the like. An input-output line made of a conductor film having a uniform line width is formed on the same surface of the substrate as the surface on which the resonator is formed. A part of the side edge of the input-output line is located along a coupling part on the peripheral part of the resonator and spaced from the resonator by a gap part.

Abstract: High temperature superconductor mini-filters and mini-multiplexers utilize self-resonant spiral resonators and have very small size and very low cross-talk between adjacent channels.

Abstract: In a small transmission line type high-frequency circuit element that has small loss due to conductor resistance and has a high Q value, an error in the dimension of a pattern, etc. can be corrected to adjust element characteristics. An elliptical shape resonator (12) that is formed of an electric conductor is formed on a substrate (11a), while a pair of input-output terminals (13) are formed on a substrate (11b). Substrate (11a) on which resonator (12) is formed and substrate (11b) on which input-output terminal (13) is formed are located parallel to each other, with a surface on which resonator (12) is formed and a surface on which input-output terminal (13) is formed being opposed. Substrates (11a) and (11b) that are located parallel to each other are relatively moved by a mechanical mechanism that uses a screw and moves slightly. Also, substrate (11a) is rotated by the mechanical mechanism that uses a screw and moves slightly around the center axis of resonator (12) as a rotation axis (18).

Abstract: A resonator for rf frequencies, especially microwave, in telecommunications systems, with an extremely stable resonant frequency over a desired operating temperature range, of predetermined width (Y) and thickness (X) and having a predetermined length (Z) in the direction of propagation for achieving a desired resonance, comprises a dielectric substrate of rutile, and first and second temperature compensating layers of sapphire on two opposite faces of the substrate and extending along the length of the substrate, these sapphire layers having a predetermined thickness, and first and second superconducting layers formed on the outer surfaces of the temperature compensating layers.

Abstract: A dual operation mode all temperature filter is provided. The dual operation mode filter is provided with a housing defining at least two cavities, an input port and an output port. It is also provided with a non-superconducting resonator disposed in a first one of the cavities and a superconducting resonator disposed in a second one of the cavities. The second resonator comprises a superconducting material containing 8-15% silver. The dual operation mode filter filters at a relatively high level at temperatures below a threshold temperature and at a lower, conventional level, at temperatures below the threshold.

Abstract: A filter circuit includes a first resonator and a second resonator each having a different resonance frequency. The first resonator is included in a first block, and the second resonator is included in a second block. The first block further includes a first delay unit connected to the first resonator. An input terminal divides an input signal to the first block and the second block. An output terminal combines signals passing through the first block and the second block and outputs the combined signal. The first delay unit converts a phase difference between the signals passing through the first block and the second block to reverse-phase or nearly reverse-phase.

Abstract: A high power superconductive circuit has a thin film of high temperature superconductive material on a substrate. The circuit is formed from wafers that are placed into corresponding grooves within the substrate and held in place by adhesive. The grooves can be blind grooves or they can be through holes and the wafers will have a corresponding size and shape. The wafers include a thin film of high temperature superconductive material and can form resonators or an input or output. A circuit constructed in this manner has a relatively high power handling capability compared to circuits created by etching.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the localized electrical fine tuning of passive multiple element microwave or RF devices in which a nonlinear dielectric material is deposited onto predetermined areas of a substrate containing the device. An appropriate electrically conductive material is deposited over predetermined areas of the nonlinear dielectric and the signal line of the device for providing electrical contact with the nonlinear dielectric. Individual, adjustable bias voltages are applied to the electrically conductive material allowing localized electrical fine tuning of the devices. The method of the present invention can be applied to manufactured devices, or can be incorporated into the design of the devices so that it is applied at the time the devices are manufactured. The invention can be configured to provide localized fine tuning for devices including but not limited to coplanar waveguides, slotline devices, stripline devices, and microstrip devices.

Abstract: An electromagnetic resonator has a resonant element made of a high-temperature superconducting material such as YBa2Cu3O7−x. The resonant element has a substrate coated with a thermally conductive layer such as silver, over which the high-temperature superconductor material is placed. The thermally conductive layer distributes heat along the length of the resonant element to minimize the effects of localized heating at, for instance, the center of the resonator. The resonant element is held to a housing by a mounting mechanism including a post made of polycrystalline alumina. The polycrystalline alumina transfers heat away from the center of the resonant element and may be used to suppress spurious response due to second harmonic resonance.

Abstract: A tunable microwave monolithic integrated circuit includes a dielectric material with a variable dielectric constant. A superconducting material with a negative dielectric constant is provided which is arranged in relation to the dielectric material in such a way that at least one interface is formed between the superconducting material and the dielectric material. The dielectric material is a low loss non-linear bulk material. Phase velocity tuning of microwaves is provided through controlling the propagation of surface plasma waves of the microwaves along the interface(s).

Abstract: An arrangement for coupling electro magnetic waves, particularly microwaves, into and/or out of a device which includes a dielectric resonator having a non-linear dielectric substrate with a high dielectric constant and a coupling loop. The dimensions of the resonator and the coupling loop are related to the resonant frequency of the resonator. The coupling loop is so arranged in relation to the resonator that the magnetic field lines around the coupling loop match the internal film distribution of at least one mode, which has been selected to be excited, so that only that mode is excited. Coupling is provided only for this mode. The length of the coupling loop is comparable to or larger that the dimensions of the resonator.