Abstract: A high temperature superconductor (HTSC) 5 is magnetized between drive coils 1,2 forming poles of a magnet connected by an iron yoke 9 by relative movement of a vacuum insulated cryostat 4 containing the HTSC and the magnetizing magnet, in order to magnetize a large area of HTSC using a magnet with a small region 3 of magnetizing flux. Alternatively, the HTSC 5may be contained in an evacuated region of a cryostat containing the magnetizing magnet. An interconnecting chamber allows the HTSC to be moved between an operative region and a magnetizing region without substantial loss of vacuum.

Abstract: A liquid-nitrogen injection system comprises a vacuum-insulated reservoir that is held aloft and to one side of a flexible dosing arm. Such reservoir is completely sealed and capped on its top and sides, the vent, feed, return, and supply conduits enter only from the bottom. The feed and return conduits connect to the dosing arm through a long flexible, stainless steel, vacuum-insulating jacket. Such allows an injection nozzle at the end of the dosing arm to be adjusted up and down, in and out, and even tilted relative to both the assembly line and the reservoir. This also means the hydraulic pressure head at the control nozzle can be adjusted in the field. A metering orifice is positioned within the dosing arm such that it is behind the control nozzle valve. A nitrogen gas purging system is connected to provide a freeze-up shielding gas flow from a liquid nitrogen tap in the reservoir.

Abstract: An open architecture recondensing superconducting magnet utilizing an upper and lower cryogen vessel connected by a passageway which extends above the bottom of upper cryogen vessel to discontinue the flow of liquid cryogen through the passageway to reserve liquid cryogen in the upper cryogen vessel when the cryogen level falls to provide an increased ride-through period in the event of a depleting liquid cryogen supply due to failure of the cryogen gas recondenser. A signal is provided to indicate the need to correct the failure.

Abstract: Apparatus for maintaining a superconducting magnet which is refrigerated within a cryostat at or near its operating temperature in the event of the cryostatic refrigerator ceasing to operate comprising a heat sink within the cryostat and in thermal communication with the magnet and means automatically to transfer heat from the heat sink out of the cryostat.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for low pressure cooling of superconducting magnets, for example, on a magnetic levitated train, through a separate circulation loop from a sealed, unvented thermal reservoir to provide a lightweight cooling system. In a second embodiment, forced flow cooling is directed to the superconducting magnets and shields through a separate circulation loop from a sealed thermal reservoir to further reduce the weight of the cooling system.

Abstract: The rotary dipole active magnetic regenerative refrigerator (10) of the present invention comprises a stationary first regenerative magnetic bed (12) positioned within a stationary first inner dipole magnet (14), a stationary second regenerative magnetic material bed (16) positioned within a stationary second inner dipole magnet (18), an outer dipole magnet (20) that rotates on a longitudinal axis and encloses the inner dipole magnets (14, 18), a cold heat exchanger (22), hot heat exchangers (24, 26), a fluid displacer (28), and connective plumbing through which a heat transfer fluid is conveyed.

Abstract: A practical cryogenic Peltier cooler is devised by replacing one of the semiconducting elements in a conventional peltier cooler with an element comprised of bulk, or thin film superconducting material. In the preferred embodiment, a rare-earth, a barium copper oxide superconductor of the form Yb.sub.a Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x is utilized. The superconducing elements are placed in an alternating series with semiconducting elements comprised of bismuth telluride of the form Bi.sub.2 Te.sub.3 (n-type). Performance may be improved in an alternative embodiment by utilizing instead a bismuth antimony semiconductor of the form Bi.sub.85 Sb.sub.15 (n-type). As a result, cryogenic Peltier coolers can be devised with useful refrigeration capacities and stable cold temperatures of 65-80 degrees Kelvin and below, while heat sinked to a higher temperature.

Abstract: A self contained, self charging automatic hydraulic activation mechanism (AHAM) for a superconducting energy magnetic storage (SMES) system is disclosed. The AHAM is operatively coupled to arc activated switches disposed across a superconducting coil to automatically close the switches upon a coolant dump. The arc activated switches are also self actuating and close in response to arcing across the switch contacts or across spark gaps provided on the switches.

Abstract: In an installation including a superconducting solenoid coil in the form of an annulus having a vertical axis, a first vessel having an annular form and enclosing the coil for containing a primary cryogen at a temperature sufficient to maintain the coil superconductive, and at least one second vessel having an annular form and enclosing the first vessel for containing a secondary cryogen at a selected temperature, there are provided: cryogen storage containers spaced horizontally from the coil and the vessels for receiving the cryogens contained in the vessels; and conduit systems coupled between the vessels and the storage containers for permitting the flow of cryogens therebetween.