Abstract: The invention discloses a metal-bonded diamond grinding wheel prepared by self-propagating pressure-less sintering and a preparation method thereof. The metal bonded diamond grinding wheel mainly comprises a working layer and a non-working layer, wherein the working layer comprises metal bond and grinded diamond, the non-working layer is metal bond, and the metal bond in the working layer and non-working layer have the same components that comprise metal powders of Cu, Al, Ni, Ti, Sn, and Co. To prepare the metal-bonded diamond grinding wheel prepared by self-propagating pressure-less sintering solves the problems of high energy consumption and low manufacture efficiency in the current sintering processes of the metal bonded diamond grinding wheel, and improves the binding force of the metal bond to the grinded diamond by forming carbides between the bond and the grinded diamond.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fused grit having the following chemical analysis, in wt %: ZrO2+HfO2: 38.0-46.0%; Al2O3: the remainder up to 100%; SiO2: 0.20-0.60%; Y2O3: 0.45 to 0.70%; TiO2: 1.00 to 2.00%; other oxides: <1.00%, the ratio of Y2O3/SiO2 being 0.80 to 2.00, and the tetragonal phase being 60 to 90% of the weight of the zirconia, the remainder being in monoclinic form.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coated body comprising a substrate and a coating onto the substrate, the coating having a nanolaminated coating system having a nanolaminated coating structure of alternating A and B layers (AlxTi1-x-yWy)N/(Ti1-z-uSizWu)N, the individual thickness of each nanolayer being maximal 200 nm and the nanolaminated coating structure exhibiting a fine-grained structure.

Abstract: Polycrystalline compacts include smaller and larger hard grains that are interbonded to form a polycrystalline hard material. The larger grains may be at least about 150 times larger than the smaller grains. An interstitial material comprising one or more of a boride, a carbide, a nitride, a metal carbonate, a metal bicarbonate, and a non-catalytic metal may be disposed between the grains. The compacts may be used as cutting elements for earth-boring tools such as drill bits, and may be disposed on a substrate. A particulate mixture includes a first plurality of grains of hard material having a first average grain size of about five hundred nanometers (500 nm) or less and having a coating formed over the grains of hard material. The coating comprises at least one of a boride, a carbide, a nitride, a metal carbonate, a metal bicarbonate, and a non-catalytic metal.

Abstract: Provided are a rinsing agent to produce a hard disk substrate free from remaining abrasive grains as well as a pit defect on the surface thereof and a method for production of a hard disk substrate using such a rinsing agent. A rinsing agent of the present invention is rinsing solution containing colloidal silica as abrasive grains. Letting that the colloidal silica abrasive grains have a concentration C and an average grain size R (C and R are represented in weight % and nm, respectively), the concentration C and the average grain size R of the colloidal silica abrasive grains have a relation matching the following Expression (1): 12.2C+18.2??(1).

Abstract: Titanium oxide-containing aluminum oxide particles are based on corundum melted in an electric arc furnace from calcined alumina. The particles may have an aluminum oxide content of less than 97.0% by weight, a titanium oxide content ranging from 1.3% by weight to 1.8% by weight, and a zirconium oxide content of ranging from 0.02% by weight to 0.1% by weight. The aluminum oxide particles may have an arithmetic mean compactness of less than 0.8.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polishing agent comprising: water; tetravalent metal hydroxide particles; and an additive, wherein the additive contains at least one of a cationic polymer and a cationic polysaccharide. The present invention can provide a polishing agent which is capable of polishing an insulating film at a high speed with less polishing flaws, and having a high polishing rate ratio of a silicon oxide film and a stopper film, in the CMP technology of flattening insulating film. The present invention can also provide a polishing agent set for storing the polishing agent, and a method for polishing a substrate using this polishing agent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polishing agent comprising: water; tetravalent metal hydroxide particles; and an additive, wherein the additive contains at least one of a cationic polymer and a cationic polysaccharide. The present invention can provide a polishing agent which is capable of polishing an insulating film at a high speed with less polishing flaws, and having a high polishing rate ratio of a silicon oxide film and a stopper film, in the CMP technology of flattening insulating film. The present invention can also provide a polishing agent set for storing the polishing agent, and a method for polishing a substrate using this polishing agent.

Abstract: cBN sintered body includes cBN and a binder phase, wherein a content of the cBN is 82-98 volume %, and in a cross section of the cBN sintered body, an isolated binder phase having an area of 0.05-0.5 ?m2 has a protrusion of two or more steps, and assuming that in a first-step protrusion, A1 represents a side length which is perpendicular in a tip direction, and B1 represents a side length which is parallel in the tip direction; and in a second-step protrusion, A2 represents a side length which is perpendicular in the tip direction, and B2 represents a side length which is parallel in the tip direction, an area ratio of an isolated binder phase having a protrusion in which A1/B1 is 1-10 times of A2/B2, to the whole of the binder phase having the area of 0.05-0.5 ?m2, is 25% or more.

Abstract: The invention relates to molten grains having the following chemical composition in wt % in terms of oxides: Al2O3: balance to 100%; ZrO2+HfO2: 16-24%; MgO in an amount such that the weight ratio (ZrO2+HfO2)/MgO is between 25 and 65; other species: 0-2%. The grains can be used as abrasive grains.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying a wear coating to the back side of a wear part.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacture of diamond, the method including the steps of providing a first coating of solvent metal or solvent metal alloy on a diamond seed to create a coated diamond seed, situating the coated diamond seed adjacent a catalyst system comprising a solvent metal and/or a source of carbon, and subjecting the coated diamond seed and catalyst system to increased temperature wherein the melting point of the first coating is at least 20 deg C. below that of the catalyst system. The invention further relates to a compact comprising a plurality of diamond seeds wherein at least one seed includes a first coating comprising a solvent metal and/or solvent metal based alloy, the compact further comprising a catalyst system comprising a solvent metal and/or a source of carbon wherein the melting point of the first coating is at least 20 deg C. below that of the catalyst system.

Abstract: A polycrystalline compact includes diamond grains, cubic boron nitride grains, and grains of an additional nitride, carbide, or boride. The additional nitride, carbide, or boride may be aluminum nitride, gallium nitride, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, titanium boride, titanium diboride, and/or aluminum boride. The diamond grains, the cubic boron nitride grains, and the grains of the additional nitride, carbide, or boride are intermixed and interbonded to form a polycrystalline material. An earth-boring tool includes a bit body and such a polycrystalline diamond compact secured to the bit body. Methods of fabricating polycrystalline compacts include forming a mixture comprising diamond grains, non-cubic boron nitride grains, and a metal or semimetal; encapsulating the mixture in a container; and subjecting the encapsulated mixture to high-pressure and high-temperature conditions to form a polycrystalline material.

Abstract: A method of forming a polycrystalline diamond compact from_a substantially homogeneous suspension of nanodiamond particles and microdiamond particles is disclosed The method includes disposing a first functional group on a plurality of nanodiamond particles to form derivatized nanodiamond particles, and combining the derivatized nanodiamond particles with a plurality of microdiamond particles, metal solvent-catalyst particles and a solvent to form a substantially homogeneous suspension of these particles in the solvent. A method of making an article is also disclosed. The method includes forming a superabrasive polycrystalline diamond compact by combining: a plurality of derivatized nanodiamond particles, a plurality of derivatized microdiamond particles having an average particle size greater than that of the derivatized nanodiamond particles, and a metal solvent-catalyst.

Abstract: A method for making a super-hard construction comprising a first structure comprising a first material joined to a second structure comprising a second material, in which the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and Young's moduli of the materials of each material are substantially different from each other.

Abstract: A method of making shaped abrasive particles including forming an abrasive flake comprising a plurality of precursor shaped abrasive particles and a frangible support joining the precursor shaped abrasive particles together; transporting the abrasive flake through a rotary kiln to sinter the abrasive flake; and breaking the sintered abrasive flake into individual shaped abrasive particles. The method is useful to make small shaped abrasive particles having insufficient mass to be efficiently individually sintered in a rotary kiln without joining two or more of the shaped abrasive particles together.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to polycrystalline diamond compacts (“PDCs”) including a polycrystalline diamond (“PCD”) table in which a metal-solvent catalyst is alloyed with at least one alloying element to improve thermal stability of the PCD table. In an embodiment, a PDC includes a substrate and a PCD table bonded to the substrate. The PCD table includes diamond grains defining interstitial regions. The PCD table includes an alloy comprising at least one Group VIII metal and at least one metallic alloying element that lowers a temperature at which melting of the at least one Group VIII metal begins. The alloy includes one or more solid solution phases comprising the at least one Group VIII metal and the at least one metallic alloying element and one or more intermediate compounds comprising the at least one Group VIII metal and the at least one metallic alloying element.

Abstract: A polycrystalline diamond structure comprises a first region and a second region adjacent the first region, the second region being bonded to the first region by intergrowth of diamond grains. The first region comprises a plurality of alternating strata or layers (21), (22), each or one or more strata or layers in the first region having a thickness in the range of around 5 to 300 microns. The polycrystalline diamond (PCD) structure has a diamond content of at most about 95 percent of the volume of the PCD material, a binder content of at least about 5 percent of the volume of the PCD material, and one or more of the layers or strata in the first region comprise and/or the second region comprises diamond grains having a mean diamond grain contiguity of greater than about 60 percent and a standard deviation of less than about 2.2 percent. There is also disclosed a method of making such a poly crystalline diamond structure.

Abstract: Methods for preparing a silicon bonded PCD material involving a one step, double sweep process and drilling cutters made by such processes are disclosed. The PCD material includes thermally stable phases in the interstitial spaces between the sintered diamond grains. The method sweeps a diamond powder with a binder to form sintered PCD, reacts said molten binder with a temporary barrier separating said binder and said diamond from a silicon (Si) source, and sweeps said sintered PCD with said Si source to form SiC bonded PCD.

Abstract: An abrasive article includes a body having abrasive particles contained within a bond material. The abrasive particles can include a majority content of silicon nitride and a minority content of sintering material including at least two rare-earth oxide materials. In an embodiment, the rare-earth oxide materials can include Nd2O3 and Y2O3. In a particular embodiment, the abrasive particles comprise a content (wt %) of Nd2O3 that is greater than a content of Y2O3 (wt %).

Abstract: A cutting element may include a substrate including a plurality of metal carbide particles and a first metal binder having a first metal binder content; an outer layer of polycrystalline diamond material at an end of the cutting element, the polycrystalline diamond material including a plurality of interconnected diamond particles; and a plurality of interstitial regions disposed among the interconnected diamond particles, the plurality of interstitial regions containing a second metal binder having a second metal binder content. The cutting element also includes at least one transition zone between the substrate and the outer layer, the at least one transition zone including a plurality of refractory metal carbide particles and a third metal binder having a third metal binder content, the third metal binder content being less than the first metal binder content and the second metal binder content.

Abstract: CVD coated cutting tools are provided. A coated cutting tool described herein, in some embodiments, comprises a PcBN substrate and a polished coating adhered to the substrate including one or more layers of Al2O3 deposited by chemical vapor deposition, wherein the coating has a surface roughness (Ra) less than about 600 nm in an area of the cutting tool for contacting a workpiece.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cutting tool comprising a main part and a multilayer coating applied thereon. A first layer A made of a hard material is applied on the main part, said hard material being selected from titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN), titanium aluminum silicon nitride (TiAlSiN), chromium nitride (CrN), aluminum chromium nitride (AlCrN), aluminum chromium silicon nitride (AlCrSiN), and zirconium nitride (ZrN), and a second layer B made of silicon nitride (Si3N4) is applied directly over the first layer A.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to cubic boron nitride (cBN) cutting elements that have high cBN content and that are cuttable by electric discharge machining (EDM). A cutting element according to an embodiment includes a self-sintered polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) compact, having a first phase of cubic boron nitride (cBN) particles and a ceramic binder phase with titanium compounds. The first phase occupies greater than 80% by volume of the self-sintered PCBN compact. The self-sintered PCBN compact has an electrical conductivity sufficient to be cuttable by electrical discharge machining.

Abstract: An abrasive article includes an elongated body, a bonding layer including a metal overlying a surface of the elongated body, and a coating layer including a polymer material overlying the boding layer. The abrasive article further includes abrasive grains contained within the bonding layer and coating layer, and wherein the bonding layer comprises an average thickness (tbl) at least about 40% of the average grit size of the abrasive grains.

Abstract: Technique to provide an abrasive regeneration method which, from a used abrasive slurry, can recover an abrasive by an efficient method and can thereafter obtain a high-purity regenerated abrasive by a simple method. This abrasive regeneration method uses an abrasive comprising at least one type of abrasive selected from diamond, boron nitride, silicon carbide, alumina, alumina zirconia and zirconium oxide. The abrasive regeneration involves a slurry recovery step (A) for recovering an abrasive slurry discharged from a polishing machine, a separation and concentration step (B) for adding an alkaline earth metal salt as an inorganic salt to the recovered abrasive slurry to aggregate the abrasive, and separating and concentrating the abrasive from a mother liquor, and an abrasive recovery step (C) for recovering the separated and concentrated abrasive.

Abstract: A cutting tool insert for machining by chip removal comprising a body of a hard alloy of cemented carbide, cermet, ceramics or cubic boron nitride based material onto which a hard and wear resistant coating is deposited by CVD, and the methods of making and using the same. The coating includes at least one ?-Al2O3 layer with a thickness between 0.5 ?m and 40 ?m having a {01-15} and/or {10-15} texture exhibiting excellent wear and metal cutting performance.

Abstract: A particulate material includes an abrasive particle having a superabrasive material with an external surface, and a coating including a metal overlying the external surface of the abrasive particle. The coating can include domains having an average domain size of not greater than about 260 nm, and the coating can include between about 1 wt % and about 20 wt % of the total weight of the abrasive particle and coating.

Abstract: A polycrystalline diamond composite including a generally circular sintered polycrystalline cutting disc and a refractory substrate operationally connected to the polycrystalline cutting disc. The polycrystalline cutting disc further includes a plurality of coarse diamond grains and a plurality of fine diamond grains. The plurality fine diamond grains are concentrated in an annulus positioned to define an outer edge of the polycrystalline cutting disc.

Abstract: A layer of matrix powder is deposited within a mold opening. A layer of super-abrasive particles is then deposited over the matrix powder layer. The super-abrasive particles have a non-random distribution, such as being positioned at locations set by a regular and repeating distribution pattern. A layer of matrix powder is then deposited over the super-abrasive particles. The particle and matrix powder layer deposition process steps are repeated to produce a cell having alternating layers of matrix powder and non-randomly distributed super-abrasive particles. The cell is then fused, for example using an infiltration, hot isostatic pressing or sintering process, to produce an impregnated structure. A working surface of the impregnated structure that is oriented non-parallel (and, in particular, perpendicular) to the super-abrasive particle layers is used as an abrading surface for a tool.

Abstract: An abrasive article includes a shaped abrasive particle including a body having a first height (h1) at a first end of the body defining a corner between an upper surface, a first side surface, and a second side surface, and a second height (h2) at a second end of the body opposite the first end defining an edge between the upper surface and a third side surface, wherein the average difference in height between the first height and the second height is at least about 50 microns. The body also includes a bottom surface defining a bottom area (Ab) and a cross-sectional midpoint area (Am) defining an area of a plane perpendicular to the bottom area and extending through a midpoint of the particle, the body has an area ratio of bottom area to midpoint area (Ab/Am) of not greater than about 6.

Abstract: The present invention provides a shearing die having longer life and a method for manufacturing the same. The shearing die includes a pair of substrates, at least one of which has a hard film formed by an arc ion plating method and located at least on a region of a curved surface and on an adjacent region from the end part of the curved surface on the side facing to the surface of the sheet or plate material to 300 ?m along the surface of the substrate. The hard film comprises Al and one or more of Ti and Cr, and has a thickness of 1 to 5 ?m, such that a number of metal particles having a diameter of 20 ?m or more, which are present on a line segment having a length of 10 mm on a surface of the hard film, is 2 or less.

Abstract: In one aspect, cutting tools are described having coatings adhered thereto. A coated cutting tool, in some embodiments, comprises a substrate and a coating adhered to the substrate, the coating comprising at least one composite layer deposited by chemical vapor deposition comprising an aluminum oxynitride phase and a metal oxide phase, the metal oxide phase including at least one oxide of a metallic element selected from Group IVB of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: A superabrasive compact and a method of making the superabrasive compact are disclosed. A superabrasive compact may comprise a plurality of polycrystalline superabrasive particles made of surface functionalized superabrasive particle The surface functionalized superabrasive particles may have halogens or organic moiety instead of hydrogen.

Abstract: Provided are a method of manufacturing an alumina-based abrasive grain, which includes preparing boehmite powder and activated alumina powder as starting materials, forming a sol by wet-blending and crushing the boehmite powder, the activated alumina powder, a solvent and a deflocculant, heating the sol at a first temperature which is higher than a room temperature and lower than a boiling point of the solvent and stirring the sol so as not to generate a precipitate, forming a gel by heating the sol at a second temperature higher than the first temperature at which a viscosity of the sol is increased and the sol becomes a paste, blending the gel with an organic solvent and performing wet crushing on the resulting mixture, preparing a powder by drying the wet-crushed gel, blending a binder and a solvent with the dried product, which is the powder, and molding the resulting mixture, calcining the molded product, performing dry crushing on the calcined product, and sintering the dry-crushed product to transform

Abstract: Disclosed herein are abrasive grains based on zirconia alumina melted in an electric arc furnace, comprising a content of 52 to 62 wt % Al203 and 35 to 45 wt % ZrO2, wherein the high-temperature phases of the zirconia are stabilized by a combination of reduced Ti compounds and yttrium oxide.

Abstract: A cBN sintered body tool has the following feature. In at least one cross sectional surface of the cBN sintered body tool taken along a plane perpendicular to a joining surface having the largest area in joining surfaces between the cBN sintered body and the joining layer, a point C and a point D are assumed to represent points away by ¼ of the length of a line segment connecting a point A and a point B shown in a figure. A value obtained when an area of a region surrounded by a line segment connecting the point C and the point D, the first cBN particle, the second cBN particle, and the binder phase is divided by the length of the line segment connecting the point A and point B to each other is 0.14-0.6 ?m.

Abstract: An abrasive article having an abrasive body including abrasive grains contained within a bond material, wherein the abrasive grains comprise microcrystalline alumina, and wherein the bond material includes less than about 1.0 mol % phosphorous oxide (P2O5), and a ratio measured in mol % between a total content of sodium oxide (Na2O) and a total content of potassium oxide (K2O) defined by [K2O/Na2O] having a value greater than about 0.5.

Abstract: A coated cBN sintered body has excellent wear resistance, fracture resistance, adhesiveness between a substrate and a coating, and a tool life of which is elongated as compared with conventional cBN sintered bodies. The coated cBN sintered body has a cBN sintered body substrate and a coating coated on the surface thereof. The cBN sintered body includes 76 to 90% by volume of cBN, and 10 to 24% by volume of a binder phase and inevitable impurities. An average grain size of cBN is 0.5 to 5.0 ?m, an average value of the thickness of the binder phase is 0.05 to 0.8 ?m, and the standard deviation of the thickness of the binder phase is 0.8 ?m or less.

Abstract: Implementations of the present invention include a binder with high hardness and tensile strength that allows for the creation of drilling tools with increased wear resistance. In particular, one or more implementations include a binder having about 5 to about 50 weight % of nickel, about 35 to about 60 weight % of zinc, and about 0.5 to about 35 weight % of tin. Implementations of the present invention also include drilling tools, such as reamers and drill bits, formed from such binders.

Abstract: A method of forming a shaped abrasive particle includes having a body formed by an additive manufacturing process.

Abstract: A plastic soft composition is formed of soft base material constantly provided with plasticity, porous fine particles for polishing contained in the base material, and the like, and a polishing process and a coating process are performed to a painted surface and the like using the plastic soft composition. The fine particles for polishing are impregnated with a coating agent (a surface protective agent) added with an activator which is emulsified by contact with water, and the coating agent is held in concave portions formed in the fine particles. Both polishing work and coating work are achieved by sliding the plastic soft composition on a painted surface by a palm pressure of a user.

Abstract: A cubic boron nitride sintered body tool has, at least at a cutting edge, a cubic boron nitride sintered body composed of a cubic boron nitride particle and a binder phase. The binder phase contains at least Al2O3 and a Zr compound. On any straight line in the sintered body, the mean value of a continuous distance occupied by Al2O3 is 0.1-1.0 ?m, and the standard deviation of the continuous distance occupied by Al2O3 is not more than 0.8. On the straight line, X/Y is 0.1-1 where X represents the number of points of contact between Al2O3 and the Zr compound, and Y represents the sum of the number of points of contact between Al2O3 and cBN and the number of points of contact between Al2O3 and binder phase component(s) other than Al2O3 and the Zr compound.

Abstract: A polycrystalline diamond (PCD) composite compact element 100 comprising a substrate 130, a PCD structure 120 bonded to the substrate 130, and a bond material in the form of a bond layer 140 bonding the PCD structure 120 to the substrate 130; the PCD structure 120 being thermally stable and having a mean Young's modulus of at least about 800 GPa, the PCD structure 120 having an interstitial mean free path of at least about 0.05 microns and at most about 1.5 microns; the standard deviation of the mean free path being at least about 0.05 microns and at most about 1.5 microns. Embodiments of the PCD composite compact element may be for a tool for cutting, milling, grinding, drilling, earth boring, rock drilling or other abrasive applications, such as the cutting and machining of metal.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing a matrix tool body comprising placing a first matrix material within a first region of a mold cavity proximate a surface of the mold. A second matrix material may be placed within a second region of the mold cavity positioned inwardly of the first matrix material. The first matrix material and the second matrix material comprise a plurality of hard particles. The plurality of hard particles of the second matrix material have a median particle size that is less than the median particle size of the first matrix material. The plurality of hard particles of the first matrix material and the second matrix material are infiltrated with an infiltration binder to form the tool body. Also included are tool bodies having one or more regions proximate a surface of the tool body comprising an erosion resistant matrix material and/or a wear resistant matrix material.

Abstract: A sintered composite body of cemented carbide and cBN grains, wherein the cBN grains are dispersed in a cemented carbide matrix. The body further includes a cBN depleted zone extending 50-400 ?m from the surface of the body towards the core thereof. The mean cBN grain size outside the depleted zone is 1-20 ?m and the cBN content outside the depleted zone is 0.3-4 wt %.

Abstract: A method of forming an abrasive article includes providing a green body having abrasive particles including microcrystalline alumina, and heating the green body via microwave radiation to form a bonded abrasive body including the abrasive particles and a bond material comprising a vitreous phase.

Abstract: Polycrystalline ultra-hard materials and compacts comprise an ultra-hard material body having a polycrystalline matrix of bonded together ultra-hard particles, e.g., diamond crystals, and a catalyst material disposed in interstitial regions within the polycrystalline matrix. The material microstructure is substantially free of localized concentrations, regions or volumes of the catalyst material or other substrate constituent. The body can include a region extending a depth from a body working surface and that is substantially free of the catalyst material. The compact is produced using a multi-stage HPHT process, e.g., comprising two HPHT process conditions, wherein during a first stage HPHT process the catalyst material is melted and only partially infiltrates the precursor ultra-hard material, and during a second stage further catalyst material infiltrates the precursor ultra-hard material to produce a fully sintered compact.

Abstract: A cutting element for a cutting tool. The cutting element may be at least partially made from a composite material including a carbide material, a binder material, and a plurality of diamond particles. The carbide material may be from 55 wt % to 97 wt % of a total weight of the composite material. The binder material may be from 3 wt % to 20 wt % of the total weight of the composite material. The plurality of diamond particles may be from 0.1% to 25% of the total weight of the composite material. The carbide material and the binder material may be combined and sintered together prior to being combined with the plurality of diamond particles, such that the carbide material and the binder material form a plurality of pellets having an average cross-sectional length from 10 ?m to 250 ?m.

Abstract: TiO2 based scrubbing granules, and methods of making and using such TiO2 based scrubbing granules are described. TiO2-based scrubbing granules include granulated TiO2 and about 0.5% to about 20% dry weight inorganic salt binder. Other TiO2 based scrubbing granules include unsintered granulated TiO2 and about 0.5% to about 20% dry weight inorganic salt binder. Inorganic salt binder include sodium aluminate. Methods of making TiO2 based scrubbing granules include i) combining TiO2 particles with inorganic salt binder to form TiO2-binder mixture comprising from about 0.5% to about 20% dry weight binder; ii) granulating the TiO2-binder mixture; and drying the granulated TiO2-binder mixture to form TiO2-based scrubbing granules.