Abstract: Compositions and methods for emulsifying a petroleum product that has been spilled upon a portion of the earth's surface or that is burning are based upon use of a nonionic, primary surfactant composition comprising a first ethoxylated sorbitol oleate and, preferably, a second ethoxylated sorbitol oleate, and a nonionic, secondary surfactant that is capable of stabilizing and solubilizing the primary surfactant composition such that the resulting emulsifying compositions have a hydrophilic/lipophilic balance between about 12.0 and about 13.5.

Abstract: A process is described for removing olefinic polymer mass buildup fouling process equipment to restore the efficiency of such equipment. This is accomplished by circulating through the equipment in contact with the polymer an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent having a high boiling point and low vapor pressure for a period of time sufficient to remove the polymer. The solvent is recovered for reuse by a flash separation from the removed olefinic polymer mass.

Abstract: The use of high flash point, low vapor pressure compositions for injection into, and coating of, gas and oil wells and surrounding underground hydrocarbon bearing formations and processing equipment for the purpose of removing scale, paraffins, tars, and other viscous constituents. Treatment results in increased flow of gas and/or oil and decreased adhesion of soil and scale in all aspects of oil and gas recovery, including hydrocarbon bearing formations, casings, lines and pumping equipment. The composition contains about 40 to 99 wt. % of a fatty acid alkyl ester blend and about 1 to 25 wt. % of at least one lower alkyl glycol ether.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition which can be utilized to induce foaming of a resin or polymeric material in polymer processing machinery. The composition of the present invention includes a blowing agent which decomposes and evolves gases thereby causing the polymeric material to foam. The compositions of the present invention allow for reductions in part weight, cycle times and injection pressure.

Abstract: Acid based micro-emulsions are disclosed comprising water, an acid blend, an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a co-solvent, a solvent and an oxidizer. The micro-emulsions have particular utility in cleaning oil sludges and drilling mud residues from well cuttings, well formations and down hole and surface oil well drilling and production equipment.

Abstract: A detergent composition useful for cleaning away a resin remaining in a molding machine after molding, comprising a thermoplastic resin, water and wollastonite.

Abstract: A process is described for removing olefinic polymer mass buildup fouling process equipment to restore the efficiency of such equipment. This is accomplished by circulating through the equipment in contact with the polymer an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent having a high boiling point and low vapor pressure for a period of time sufficient to remove the polymer. The solvent is recovered for reuse by a flash separation from the removed olefinic polymer mass.

Abstract: Methods for cleaning screw extruder, especially powder-coating extruders, include filling the extruder barrel with a gel purge formulation comprised of a high-boiling pyrrolidone or piperidone (lactam) solvent (most preferably N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP)), thickened with 5-50 wt. % of a thermoplastic resin thickening agent, most preferably polystyrene (PS). Once the extruder barrel is filled with the gel purge formulation, the screws are stopped and the gel allowed to soak for between about 10 to about 30 minutes. The screws are then restarted and the gel is discharged from the extruder. Immediately after the gel purge formulation exits the machine, a small amount of a thermoplastic “rinse” polymer (e.g., polyethylene) may be added so as to remove any vestigial amount of the gel purge formulation therefrom.

Abstract: A method for chemically removing hydrocarbons from oil contaminated material is described. The method comprises contacting the material containing the oil with a combinations of surfactants in an oil carrier similar to or identical to the oil to be removed. This process avoids the use of water. Therefore the process does not compromise the quality of the oil by having water as a contaminant and thus eliminating the possibility of oil contaminated water getting into the environment. In certain examples, when the process is used to remove oil from land based well bore cuttings, the processed well bore cuttings contain high levels of chlorides, which is an environmental problem. In such examples the method also includes contacting the well bore cuttings with a solution of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate in water to reduce the chloride concentration. An apparatus designed for this purpose is also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition which can be utilized to induce foaming of a resin or polymeric material in polymer processing machinery. The composition of the present invention includes a blowing agent which decomposes and evolves gases thereby causing the polymeric material to foam. The compositions of the present invention allow for reductions in part weight, cycle times and injection pressure.

Abstract: A composition and method for modifying the flow characteristics of a polymeric resin utilized in polymer processing machinery. The flow modifying composition includes a functional component and a binder that is poured into the stream of a polymeric material as an additive. The method of the present invention includes feeding a mixture comprising the at least one functional component and binder component into stream of a polymeric material prior to or upon entrance into polymeric processing equipment.

Abstract: A multi-functional concentrate composition which can be utilized to impart a desired color to a polymeric material and improve the processability thereof. The composition comprises at least one pigment, a blowing or foaming agent, and a binder component which at least allows the polymeric material to be processed at lower pressures than would otherwise be necessary for the same composition without the blowing agent.

Abstract: A composition and method purge resin deposits from the inner surfaces of polymer processing machinery upon the flow of a stream of resin through the polymer processing machinery. The composition includes a mixture of purging agents separate from the resin that are poured into the stream of resin as an additive. The purging agents include a blowing agent to induce foaming of the stream of resin and an abrasive to scrub the resin deposits from the inner surfaces of the polymer processing machinery. The purging agents further include a surfactant to promote the flow of the stream of resin along the inner surfaces of polymer processing machinery. A binder binds the purging agents together in the mixture. The method includes feeding a mixture comprised of a blowing agent, an abrasive, a surfactant, and a binder into the stream of resin entering the polymer processing equipment.

Abstract: A scale dissolver composition and method for using the composition is provided. Broadly, the dissolver compositions are formed by adding a base such as ammonium hydroxide to a mixture comprising a salt of a chelating agent, a carbonate, and a component selected from the group consisting of organophosphorus compounds, carboxylic acids, and mixtures thereof. The preferred organophosphorus compound is aminotrismethylidine diphosphonic acid while the preferred chelating agent salt is EDTA tetrasodium salt. In use, the dissolver composition is preferably heated to a temperature of from about 100-170° F. and then contacted with the target scale. The compositions are particularly useful for removing barium sulfate and calcium sulfate scales from gas and oil well and pipeline equipment in an efficient and cost-effective manner.

Abstract: Compositions for removing deposits from the interior surfaces of oil refining equipment are provided. The compositions include an organic oil-soluble or oil-miscible acid and a multi-polyether-headed surfactant (MPEHS). Methods of removing these deposits from the interior surfaces of oil refining equipment and removing mud deposits from the bottom of desalters, while the equipment is online, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chemical cleaning process for removing fouling from process lines of oil refining or petrochemical plants. The process lines are in an on-line state and a chemical cleaning agent is circulated through the process lines to remove the fouling. It can effectively recover the thermal efficiency in oil refining processes or petrochemical processes within a short period of time, so that significant energy consumption is reduced. Furthermore, the chemical cleaning process requires a shorter cleaning period and therefore allows for a longer operating time. It can also dislodge fouling without opening heat exchangers or other equipment thereby preventing the release of VOCs. As a result, environmental pollution is not generated. The present invention is also ecconomically favorable as it extends the time between periodic maintenance.

Abstract: A process for freezing a plastic molding machine involving: (a) providing a freezable compound containing: (i) from 20 to 45% by weight of at least one homopolymer or copolymer selected from the group consisting of an ester of methacrylic acid with a monohydric alcohol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a graft polymer of an ester of methacrylic acid with a monohydric alcohol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, a graft copolymer of an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, and mixtures thereof; (ii) from 45 to 75% by weight of chalk having a particle size of from 2 to 150 microns; and (iii) from 0.01 to 10% by weight of at least one freezing agent selected from the group consisting of a lubricant having a volatility of less than 0.2% by weight, a release agent having a volatility of less than 0.2% by weight, and mixtures thereof; and (b) charging the plastic molding machine with the freezable compound prior to turning of the plastic molding machine.

Abstract: This application discloses a composition for and a method of using the composition to disperse hydrocarbon based components into a liquid carrier. The composition is comprised of a lower alkyl ester of a fixed oil, such as a modified vegetable oil, in combination with at least one other compound which enhances the ability of the ester to form an aqueous emulsion which can separate and which can alter the wetting character of the ester. The method comprises contacting a material comprised of hydrocarbon based components with an effective amount of composition for a time and a temperature sufficient to disperse the material into a liquid carrier.

Abstract: The invention involves the demulsification and liquefaction of hydrocarbon based sludges. A demulsifier and a liquefaction agent and methods of using the same are disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the demulsifier contains a salt of DDBSA, polypropylene glycol, and citrene. In a preferred embodiment, the liquefaction agent contains a glycol ether and sodium silicate. In another preferred embodiment, the liquefaction agent contains a glycol ether and citrene. In preferred practice, the sludge is treated with the liquefaction agent, circulated, treated with the demulsifier, and circulated further. An object of the invention is to provide a hydrocarbon based sludge that is sufficiently liquefied to be pumped and which is sufficiently demulsified to allow the waters, oils, and solids in the sludge to separate.

Abstract: A composition and method purge resin deposits from the inner surfaces of polymer processing machinery upon the flow of a stream of resin through the polymer processing machinery. The composition includes a mixture of purging agents separate from the resin that are poured into the stream of resin as an additive. The purging agents include a blowing agent to induce foaming of the stream of resin and an abrasive to scrub the resin deposits from the inner surfaces of the polymer processing machinery. The purging agents further include a surfactant to promote the flow of the stream of resin along the inner surfaces of polymer processing machinery. A binder binds the purging agents together in the mixture. The method includes feeding a mixture comprised of a blowing agent, an abrasive, a surfactant, and a binder into the stream of resin entering the polymer processing equipment.

Abstract: Acidic detergent composition comprising (a) protease I obtainable from Aspergillus aculeatus and having a pH optimum of 3 to 6 and (b) at least one nonionic surfactant and methods for using the composition for cleaning or washing a hard surface or laundry.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for dissolving adherent petroleum residues which occur in the production and processing of petroleum in which esters of the following formula are employed: R1—COO—(CnH2nO)x—R2  (I) which R1 is an alkyl group containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms or a (CH2)m—COOR4 group, R2 and R4 independently of one another represent an alkyl group containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, n is the number 2 or 3 and m is a number of 1 to 6 and x is 0 or a number of 1 to 12.

Abstract: A scale dissolver composition and method for using the composition is provided. Broadly, the dissolver compositions are formed by adding a base such as ammonium hydroxide to a mixture comprising a salt of a chelating agent, a carbonate, and a component selected from the group consisting of organophosphorus compounds, carboxylic acids, and mixtures thereof. The preferred organophosphorus compound is aminotristmethylidine diphosphonic acid while the preferred chelating agent salt is EDTA tetrasodium salt. In use, the dissolver composition is preferably heated to a temperature of from about 100-170° F. and then contacted with the target scale. The compositions are particularly useful for removing barium sulfate and calcium sulfate scales from gas and oil well and pipeline equipment in an efficient and cost-effective manner.

Abstract: Described are chemical compositions comprising a fluorinated solvent and a nonionic, poly-fluoroalkyl, hydroxy-substituted surfactant.

Abstract: The resin granule of the present invention for washing comprises a resin granule, a detergent component and, optionally, a third component, wherein the external surface of each particle of the resin granule is coated with the detergent component.

Abstract: Mildly acidic liquid hard surface cleaning concentrated compositions comprise: a) from 0.5 to 40 parts of an amine oxide detergent; preferably 1 to 25 parts; b) from 1 to 30 parts of a quaternary disinfectant (quat); preferably 2 to 16 parts; c) an effective amount of an acidifying agent; preferably 0.05 part to 10 parts; and d) an effective amount of an electrolytic disinfecting booster; preferably 0.5 to 12 parts; wherein said compositions have a pH of from 3 to less than 7 and wherein when used the concentrated compositions are diluted with water at a ratio of concentrate to water of 1:1 to 1:600, preferably 1:30 to 1:260 by volume, to provide superior, no-rinse ready-to-use cleaning and disinfecting compositions.

Abstract: A mutual solvent for use in oil and gas well operations comprising 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate and/or 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate, a coupling solvent, and an acid stable surfactant. The coupling solvent is selected from ethylene glycol monobutyl ether; diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate; propylene glycol monomethyl ether; C1-C5 alkyl alcohol; and mixtures thereof. The invention also relates to an emulsion for use in oil and gas well operations comprising an aqueous acid or acid-salt brine solution and the mutual solvent as described above. An emulsion according to the invention is stable, non-toxic, and effectively removes asphaltenic and paraffinic hydrocarbons from drilling equipment and oil and gas wells.

Abstract: A heavy oil remover comprises a hydrocarbon solvent, dipropylene glycol mono n-butyl ether, a volatility stabilizer, a salt of an alkyl aromatic sulfonic acid, a branched alcohol ethoxylate, an ethoxylated alkyl mercaptan, and water.

Abstract: A method and composition for removing deposits of heavy hydrocarbonaceous materials and finely divided inorganic particulate matter from wellbore and flowline surfaces using a composition containing an alkyl polyglycoside, an ethoxylated alcohol, a caustic and an alkyl alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid detergent composition having high detergency without damaging styrene-based resin. The liquid detergent composition comprising (a) 0.1 to 50% by weight of a mixture of at least two different compounds from each other in view of their strutural isomers and/or their number of carbon atoms, selected from glyceryl-ether compounds having the formula (I): R—OCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (I) wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms; (b) 0.01 to 30% by weight of a surfactant; (c) 0.01 to 30% by weight of a builder or an alkali agent; and (d) the balance of water.

Abstract: Solid, slowly dispersible well treatment composites are provided which have a sufficiently high melting point to prevent melting of the composite in hot weather. The composites have a low solubility and high specific gravity compared to prior art treatment agents; thus the composites readily sink in well and pipeline fluids and slowly release treatment ingredients over time, depending on the downhole and pipeline conditions. The composites include a nonylphenol ethoxylate having at least about 50 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of nonylphenol and a fatty acid amide having from 14-20 carbon atoms. Preferably, the composites further include a weighting agent and active ingredients selected from the group consisting of corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, bactericides, scale converters, foaming agents, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the composites are spherical in shape and are passed through pipelines for maintenance and treatment of the pipelines.

Abstract: Solid, slowly dispersible well treatment composites are provided which have a sufficiently high melting point to prevent melting of the composite in hot weather. The composites have a low solubility and high specific gravity compared to prior art treatment agents; thus the composites readily sink in well and pipeline fluids and slowly release treatment ingredients over time, depending on the downhole and pipeline conditions. The composites include a compound selected from the group consisting of nonylphenol ethoxylates having at least about 50 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of nonylphenol, fatty acid amides having from 14-20 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the composites further include a weighting agent and active ingredients selected from the group consisting of corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, bactericides, scale converters, foaming agents, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A high wax content heavy oil remover comprises dipropylene glycol mono n-butyl ether, ethoxylated alkyl mercaptan, salt of an alkyl aromatic sulfonic acid, branched alcohol ethoxylate, d-limonene, and white oil.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cleaning composition useful for dislodging fouling from process lines of oil refining or petrochemical plants and a cleaning method using the composition. The cleaning composition comprises 0.01 to 1 wt % of a C8 aromatic compound, 75 to 85 wt % of a C9 aromatic compound and 14 to 24 wt % of a C10 aromatic compound. When applied to the process lines, the composition is mixed at an amount of 2 to 20 vol % with Light cycle oil or light gas oil. Chemical cleaning with the composition effectively removes the fouling formed within the process lines and heat exchangers of oil refining or petrochemical plants, and recovers the processing capacity of heat exchangers to the start of run level, bringing about a significant economic profit.

Abstract: A non-hazardous, non-flammable, biodegradable composition for use in removal of paraffin accumulations in oilfield equipment may contain limonene, a glycol ether an ethoxylate(alcohol surfactant, an aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, a non-hazardous and biodegradable organic acid, and, sufficient water as a carrier and comprising such a major weight component of the composition as to virtually eliminate a measurable flashpoint therefor. Preferably the aliphatic alcohol is one or methanol, ethanol, or admixtures thereof. Preferably the organic acid is one of acetic acid, citric acid, or formic acid. The glycol either is preferably ethylene glycol monopropyl ether.

Abstract: The use of high flash point, low vapor pressure compositions for injection into, and coating of, gas and oil wells and surrounding underground hydrocarbon bearing formations and processing equipment for the purpose of removing scale, paraffins, tars, and other viscous constituents. Treatment results in increased flow of gas and/or oil and decreased adhesion of soils and scale in all aspects of oil and gas recovery, including hydrocarbon bearing formations, casings, lines, and pumping equipment. The composition contains about 40 to 99 wt. % of a fatty acid alkyl ester blend and about 1 to 25 wt. % of at least one lower alkyl glycol ether.

Abstract: A cleaning gas which is employed to remove an unnecessary deposited material formed in a thin film forming apparatus by thermal decomposition of pentaethoxytantalum or tetraethoxysilane without damaging a reactor, tools, parts and piping of a silicon oxide film-forming apparatus or a tantalum oxide film-forming apparatus. The cleaning gas comprises HF gas and at least one of an oxygen-containing gas, a fluorine gas, a chlorine fluoride gas, a bromine fluoride gas and an iodine fluoride gas.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for cleaning metal and non-metal surfaces utilizing a nonionic surfactant and an enzyme are disclosed. A composition comprised of at least one nonionic surfactant and at least one enzyme and having a pH of between 6 and 9.5 is specifically disclosed. A method for cleaning a surface using this composition, and a method for cleaning a surface using a first composition comprising at least one nonionic surfactant and a second composition comprising at least one enzyme are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved methods of drying pipelines containing water which are to transport hydrate forming gaseous fluids. The methods basically comprise flowing a liquid which forms an azeotrope mixture with water into contact with water in a pipeline, the amount of the azeotropic liquid being sufficient to form an azeotrope mixture with the water whereby as the mixture is evaporated in the pipeline, the water concentration in the remaining mixture does not reach that concentration which will form hydrates with the hydrate forming gaseous fluid.

Abstract: A cleaning composition for a mold for molding a semiconductor device comprising an unvulcanized rubber, a cleaning agent, and water in an amount of from 1 to 30% by weight based on the total amount of the cleaning composition.The cleaning composition is preferably used as a sheet form comprising the cleaning composition itself, wherein a plurality of straight cuts are formed on the surface of the sheet in a definite direction in parallel at an definite interval for enabling folding of the sheet and at least one cutting cut may be formed on the surface such that the cutting cut crosses perpendicularly to the plural cuts.The cleaning sheet is very effective to remove soiled material on the inside surfaces of a mold formed by repeatedly molding semiconductor devices using a thermosetting resin composition.

Abstract: This invention pertains to cleaning compositions and methods for cleaning a first polymer composition from polymer processing apparatus. The cleaning compositions generally comprise a second polymer composition and at least one metal salt composition wherein the respective metal is selected from alkaline earth and transition metals. The second polymer composition has an affinity, for the first polymer, of "Ad" between 50 and about 1500, where "Ad" is adhesive strength, grams/15 mm width, between the first and second polymer compositions in a multiple layer cast coextruded film. The cleaning composition comprises about 0.001 to about 10 weight percent metal salt composition based on total weight of the cleaning composition. A 50/50 weight percent mixture of the second polymer composition, and a third polymer composition which can be processed in polymer processing apparatus suitable for processing the first polymer composition, preferably has a melt index ratio MI-mix.sub.60 /MI-mix.sub.6 of 0.3/1 to 5/1.

Abstract: Alkaline earth and transition metal scaling such as calcium and magnesium scaling can be controlled or removed in pipes, vessels, heat exchanges, evaporators, and filters, and in the oil field applications such as, for example, for drilling, production, and recovery operations with the addition of an effective amount of 2-hydroxyethyl iminodiacetic acid (HEIDA) or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A cleaning composition for a mold for molding a semiconductor device comprising an unvulcanized rubber, a cleaning agent, and water in an amount of from 1 to 30% by weight based on the total amount of the cleaning composition.The cleaning composition is preferably used as a sheet form comprising the cleaning composition itself, wherein a plurality of straight cuts are formed on the surface of the sheet in a definite direction in parallel at an definite interval for enabling folding of the sheet and at least one cutting cut may be formed on the surface such that the cutting cut crosses perpendicularly to the plural cuts.The cleaning sheet is very effective to remove soiled material on the inside surfaces of a mold formed by repeatedly molding semiconductor devices using a thermosetting resin composition.

Abstract: A cleaning composition and method of use are disclosed. The composition comprises a mixture of a ketone, at least one glycol ether, water and optionally a surfactant. The composition when applied to substrates coated with resinous coatings is effective for removing the coating from the substrate.

Abstract: A method is provided for thermo-chemical dewaxing a large dimension line or conduit using a Nitrogen Generation System/Emulsion. The method involves introducing an emulsion into the conduit to be dewaxed. The emulsion comprises an internal aqueous phase and an external organic phase. The aqueous phase comprises an oxidizing nitrogen salt, a reducing nitrogen salt and water. The organic phase comprises a non-polar organic liquid, such as kerosine, and a delayed action activator for inducing the reaction of said oxidizing nitrogen salt and said reducing nitrogen salt. The delayed action activator may be a linear, aliphatic polyanhydride, such as poly(adipic anhydride). The emulsion is maintained in the conduit until the delayed action activator induces the reaction of the nitrogen salts to generate nitrogen and heat, thereby fluidizing wax in the conduit. The fluidized wax is then removed from the conduit. The emulsion may be prepared on a production platform or on nearby equipment.

Abstract: Polymer scale removal from vinyl polymerization reactors is effected without the use of polar aprotic solvents or aromatic solvents, by adding to the reactor, a scale removal composition comprising acetone, a most minor amount of a strong base, and a minor amount of a hydroxyl- or amino-functional polar organic solvent. The composition may contain surfactants, chelating or sequestering agents, detergent builders, and the like, and water in amounts of up to about 3 weight percent. Scale removal is efficient and rapid when the scale removing composition is agitated in the reactor at temperatures ranging from about 50.degree. C. to 120.degree. C.

Abstract: Compositions comprising (a) a surfactant and (b) a diluent oil are employed in oil-based drilling fluids and processes for cleaning oil-contaminated substrates (e.g., oil-contaminated animals, drill cuttings) as well as in processes for cementing well casings, enhanced oil recovery, and lifting oil from wellbores.

Abstract: A cleaning composition for paint delivery systems includes 3-90% of an organic solvent which may comprise one or more aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic esters. The composition also includes between 0.5 and 30% of a hydroxy carboxylic acid such as glycolic acid, as well as a coupling agent which may comprise one or more alcohols, glycols or glycol ethers.

Abstract: Compositions comprising (a) a surfactant and (b) a diluent oil are employed in oil-based drilling fluids and processes for cleaning oil-contaminated substrates (e.g., oil-contaminated animals, drill cuttings) as well as in processes for cementing well casings, enhanced oil recovery, and lifting oil from wellbores.

Abstract: An advantageous effective cleaning solvent consisting essentially, according to one embodiment, of methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, isopropyl alcohol, toluene and n-butyl acetate, in certain ranges of proportions. Water also is included to aid in reducing the vapor pressure of the solvent. The composite vapor pressure of the solvent, at 20.degree. C., neglecting the vapor pressure contribution of water, is not greater than 35 mm of mercury. The invention solvent is particularly effective as a paint cleaner, e.g. for cleaning paint guns.