Abstract: Embodiments of apparatuses and methods for controlling heat for rapid thermal processing of carbonaceous material are provided herein. The apparatus comprises a reheater for containing a fluidized bubbling bed comprising an oxygen-containing gas, inorganic heat carrier particles, and char and for burning the char into ash to form heated inorganic particles. An inorganic particle cooler is in fluid communication with the reheater to receive a first portion of the heated inorganic particles. The inorganic particle cooler is configured to receive a cooling medium for indirect heat exchange with the first portion of the heated inorganic particles to form first partially-cooled heated inorganic particles that are fluidly communicated to the reheater and combined with a second portion of the heated inorganic particles to form second partially-cooled heated inorganic particles. A reactor is in fluid communication with the reheater to receive the second partially-cooled heated inorganic particles.

Abstract: An active barrier release agent includes a combination mixture of sodium borate, sodium hydroxide, methylhydroxyethylcellulose, psyllium husk, corn fiber, and water. Acacia powder may also be added to the mixture.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for manufacturing home and personal care product and a method for manufacturing degreased coffee particles thereof. The home and personal care product comprises coffee particles with different sizes, in which the coffee particles are degreased by physical and chemical methods and then grinded to different sizes to meet the requirements of different products. Natural compositions from original coffee can be further added for enhancing the clean and care effects of the product.

Abstract: Included are polymer compositions such as polyurethaneureas, polyamides and polyesters. The compositions may be in a variety of forms such as dispersions, powders, fibers, and beads. The compositions are useful in the preparation of many products including health and beauty products such as cosmetics, paint, household products such as fabric care compositions, apparel/footwear and textiles/furnishings.

Abstract: A removal composition is described, having a plurality of abrasive particles, an organic amine, antioxidant, biocide, colorant, corrosion inhibitor, cosolvent, defoamer, dye, enzyme, light stabilizer, odor masking agent, plasticizer, preservative, rust inhibitor, surfactant, thickener, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing; from 0 to 1% water, based on the total weight of the removal composition; and a ketal adduct of formula (1) wherein R1 is C1-6 alkyl, R2 is hydrogen or C1-3 alkyl, each R3, R4, and R5 is independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl, R6 and R7 are each independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl, a=0-3, and b=0-1.

Abstract: Cleaning compositions of surfactant-based products containing one or more alkaline builders for the preparation of liquid cleaning compositions are discussed. The surfactant-based product may be any type of cleaning product based on surfactants. Methods of cleaning a household surface and of making cleaning compositions are also discussed.

Abstract: An anti-settling additive, composition containing the anti-settling additive, and methods for use in coating compositions or formulations. A HASE thickener with improved resistance to surfactants and anti-sag properties, compositions containing the thickener and methods for use of the thickener in coating compositions or formulations and the like. The anti-settling additive and the thickener being a polymer synthesized using a specialized associative monomer that contains C1-C4 alkyl, propylene oxide, ethylene oxide and a polymerizable group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid, cleaning and/or cleansing composition comprising biodegradable abrasive cleaning particles.

Abstract: A composition comprising abrasive particles derived from inorganic-based foam, wherein said abrasive particles are non-spherical having a form factor from 0.1 to 0.6 and a solidity from 0.3 to 0.9, and wherein said abrasive particles comprise one or more inorganic materials and have a MOHs hardness of from 1 to 4.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid, cleaning and/or cleansing composition comprising abrasive cleaning particles.

Abstract: Exfoliating compositions, such as soaps, scrubs, and muds, for conditioning skin. The compositions include a carrier and particles that are insoluble in the carrier. The carrier may include one of more of a surfactant and an emollient, among other ingredients. The particles preferably include calcium carbonate, one or more phyllosilicates, and a quartz group tectosilicate, preferably have a calcium carbonate equivalent of less than 90%, and preferably embody a schistose texture. The exfoliating compositions with such particles have unexpected moisturizing and skin-conditioning properties.

Abstract: An abrasive cleaning agent is provided which can be used for a polishing process for polishing a surface of a workpiece to form a mirror surface, which suppresses generation of static electricity and adhesion of stains to the workpiece, which decreases a crushing ratio, and which has a low environmental burden when the abrasive cleaning agent is disposed of. The above abrasive cleaning agent includes an elastic material containing a soluble nitrogen substance as a primary component, which is obtained from tubers of devil's tongue and which contains mannan as a primary component, and a 10% to 30% of water; and 1 to 30 percent by weight, with respect to the elastic material, of abrasive grains of size 53 micron or less, which are supported on surfaces of the elastic material and/or are buried therein, so that the grain diameter on the whole is in the range of 88 to 1,190 ?m.

Abstract: An inventive composition that has utility as an article for cleaning a target surface is provided. Embodiments of the inventive composition are readily applied to a substrate to form a cleaning article or form a free-standing article; the composition upon drying forms a matrix having a coefficient of friction of greater than one, and a glass transition temperature that is between 0° C. and 40° C. The matrix is amenable to loading with various additives illustratively including re-enforcing fibers, abrasives, plasticizers, foaming agents, fragrances, and combinations thereof. Embodiments of the inventive composition operate to clean a substrate such as a vehicle and ideally return the same to the original look and feel without requiring excessive work, or requiring the removal of too much material from the surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid, cleaning and/or cleansing composition comprising abrasive cleaning particles.

Abstract: A surface cleaning system includes a retainer having a non-absorbing retaining surface and a surface cleaning compound retained at the retaining surface of the retainer and formed a cleaning surface overlapped thereat. The surface cleaning compound is a polymer having high density and high adhesive ability for removing imbedded contaminants from a working surface and grabbing the contaminants therefrom. The retainer is made of non-absorbing material that prevents lubricant and the surface cleaning compound being absorbed through the retainer.

Abstract: An abrasive cleaning agent is provided which can be used for a polishing process for polishing a surface of a workpiece to form a mirror surface, which suppresses generation of static electricity and adhesion of stains to the workpiece, which decreases a crushing ratio, and which has a low environmental burden when the abrasive cleaning agent is disposed of. The above abrasive cleaning agent includes an elastic material containing a soluble nitrogen substance as a primary component, which is obtained from tubers of devil's tongue and which contains mannan as a primary component, and a 10% to 30% of water; and 1 to 30 percent by weight, with respect to the elastic material, of abrasive grains of size #220 or less, which are supported on surfaces of the elastic material and/or are buried therein, so that the grain diameter on the whole is in the range of 88 to 1,190 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid, cleaning and/or cleansing composition comprising biodegradable abrasive cleaning particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid, cleaning and/or cleansing composition comprising biodegradable abrasive cleaning particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid, cleaning and/or cleansing composition comprising abrasive cleaning particles, wherein said abrasive cleaning particles comprise a divinyl benzene cross-linked styrene polymer, wherein said abrasive cleaning particles are non-spherical and have a mean particles size D(v,0.9) of at least about 10 ?m and wherein said liquid, cleaning and/or cleansing composition comprises from about 0% to about 30% by weight of the composition of an organic solvent.

Abstract: Tetrafluoroboric acid and an organic nitrogenous base, related compounds and compositions, as can be used in conjunction with various methods of cleaning and/or the treatment of substrate surfaces.

Abstract: A personal care composition is disclosed comprising abrasive particles. The personal care composition may take a variety of forms such as a leave-on composition or an emulsion and/or may comprise one or more actives or agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds and their use in fragrance compositions. Novel 3.2.1-bicyclo-octene and -octane compounds of the present invention are represented by formula: wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acetate, carbonate monomethyl ester, and allyloxy; and wherein the broken line represents a single or double bond.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hydrogel particles containing bubbles and having a specific gravity of 0.7 to 1.00 and an average particle diameter of 50 to 500 ?m, as well as a process for producing the same. The hydrogel particles may also contain hollow inorganic particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nano-clay composite and a composition for fabricating the same. The nano-clay composite of the invention is formed by compounding a composition comprising a polymer, a surfactant, a polymer modification component, and micro/nano powders. The nano-clay composite is flexible to completely adhere to cleaning surfaces to remove unwanted materials via the release of surfactant, as well as the scrubbing effect produced by the friction between micro/nano powders and the surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds and their use in fragrance compositions. Novel 3.2.1-bicyclo-octene and -octane compounds of the present invention are represented by formula: wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acetate, carbonate monomethyl ester, and allyloxy; and wherein the broken line represents a single or double bond.

Abstract: A removal composition is described, having a plurality of abrasive particles, an organic amine, antioxidant, biocide, colorant, corrosion inhibitor, cosolvent, defoamer, dye, enzyme, light stabilizer, odor masking agent, plasticizer, preservative, rust inhibitor, surfactant, thickener, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing; from 0 to 1% water, based on the total weight of the removal composition; and a ketal adduct of formula (1) wherein R1 is C1-6 alkyl, R2 is hydrogen or C1-3 alkyl, each R3, R4, and R5 is independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl, R6 and R7 are each independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl, a=0-3, and b=0-1.

Abstract: Cleaning compositions of surfactant-based products containing one or more alkaline builders for the preparation of liquid cleaning compositions are discussed. The surfactant-based product may be any type of cleaning product based on surfactants. Methods of cleaning a household surface and of making cleaning compositions are also discussed.

Abstract: The biodegradable abrasive compositions consist of a plant-based natural abrasive agent, calcium carbonate, polymeric material, and a binder. The natural abrasives may consist of a plant-based cereal grains or fibers. The polymeric materials of the preferred embodiments include starch and poly-vinyl alcohol, either alone or in combination. The products associated with the biodegradable abrasive compositions are gently abrasive and readily disposable films or coatings. The products are designed to maximize the use of agricultural bi-products and avoid harm the environment.

Abstract: The invention provides a surfactant and/or a cleaning composition comprising a microbially produced branched fatty alcohol or a derivative thereof. The invention also provides a household cleaning composition and a personal or pet care cleaning composition comprising a microbially produced branched fatty alcohol or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid laundry detergent composition comprising a detersive surfactant and a reactive dye, wherein upon contact with water the composition has an equilibrium pH of 10.5 or greater at a concentration of 4 g/l in de-ionized water and at a temperature of 20° C.

Abstract: A solid cleaner for heated surfaces is disclosed. The solid cleaner includes a solidifying agent including wax, and a cleaning agent. The solid cleaner is solid at room temperature and liquid at an elevated temperature. Methods of cleaning a heated surface and cleaning articles are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a cleanser including a balance of components for providing consumers with an enhanced exfoliation experience that smoothes skin immediately and sustains the smooth feeling for an extended period of time. Additionally, the cleanser provides a simultaneous cleansing and warming effect to the consumer's skin. Particularly, in one embodiment, the cleanser includes a combination of a water soluble carrier, a warming agent, a water soluble silicone surfactant, and an exfoliant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nano-clay composite and a composition for fabricating the same. The nano-clay composite of the invention is formed by compounding a composition comprising a polymer, a surfactant, a polymer modification component, and micro/nano powders. The nano-clay composite is flexible to completely adhere to cleaning surfaces to remove unwanted materials via the release of surfactant, as well as the scrubbing effect produced by the friction between micro/nano powders and the surface.

Abstract: A composition for cleaning or rinsing hard surfaces in an aqueous or aqueous/alcoholic medium including at least one organophosphorus material for contributing to said surfaces antideposition and/or antiadhesion properties with regard to soiling substances capable of being deposited on the surfaces.

Abstract: A surface cleaning composition is described comprising polyvinyl alcohol, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the fluorescent whitening agents and at least one surfactant for use in delivering a whitening and brightening effect to a variety of surfaces. Such compositions can be applied directly to the surface or may be applied using a pre-treated wiping cloth or implement.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a cleaning article as an article of manufacture which includes a substrate onto which a cleaning composition is partially impregnated, leaving a portion of the substrate not impregnated with the composition. The impregnated part or side of the substrate is used to clean surfaces, especially vitro-ceramic surfaces while the unimpregnated part or side of the substrate is then used to dry and buff the cleaned surface.

Abstract: A skin composition which is at least substantially anhydrous and comprises a) At least one water immiscible emollient oil in sufficient quantity to provide emolliency to skin, b) At least one emulsifying agent capable of forming an emulsion, in situ, on the skin with the above oil when water is added to the said composition, the said emulsifier in such quantities that the oil is substantially removed from the skin, c) A water soluble, at least substantially insoluble in the composition skin exfoliative and/or skin polishing material in sufficient quantities to remove dead cells from the skin during application of the composition and, d) At least one wax in sufficient quantity to at least enhance the physical stabilization of the composition.

Abstract: Improved hard surface cleaning compositions having an acidic pH provide good removal of soap scum stains. Compositions of the present invention comprise an acidic constituent which comprises either citric acid alone or citric acid in combination with an acid selected from the group consisting of sorbic acid, acetic acid, boric acid, formic acid, maleic acid, adipic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, glycolic acid, and mixtures thereof; at least one anionic surfactant; at least one thickener; at least one scrubbing agent; one or more optional constituents; and the balance water; wherein the aqueous hard surface cleaning composition exhibits a pH of 6.0 or less.

Abstract: The liquid detergent composition is provided with a high detergency and ensuring a good dispersion stability of builder particles and comprises a liquid dispersion containing (a) 30 mass % or more of a specific inorganic builder particle and (b) a block or graft polymer having a carboxyl group (i) and a polymer chain (ii), having, as its structural unit, an alkyleneoxy group, the composition having a viscosity (25° C.) of 3000 mPa·s or less and a volumetric separation rate (25° C., allowed to stand for 30 days) of 5% or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of an aqueous polymer dispersion comprising dispersed particles of at least one polymer A1 having a glass transition temperature, Tg, of from ?20° C. to +35° C. and obtainable through free-radical emulsion polymerization in the presence of a polymer A2 synthesized from from 50 to 99.5% by weight of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic and/or dicarboxylic acid whose carboxylic groups can form an anhydride group, or mixtures thereof, from 0.5 to 50% by weight of at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound selected from the esters of ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and the monoesters and diesters of ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids with an amine containing at least one hydroxyl group, and up to 20% by weight of at least one further monomer as binder for producing abrasive material.

Abstract: A skin cleansing composition comprising water, a surfactant, a thickener, an abrasive having an average particle size of 75 to 400 &mgr;m, and talc having an average particle size of 1 to 20 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A detergent for glass-ceramic surfaces has a certain abrasive agent content and a pH value lower than about 6. The abrasive agent contains particles of an organic material, preferably in an amount of at least about 20% of the abrasive agent, and more preferably substantially the entire abrasive agent. The organic material may be a polyolefin or polyurethane, for example, and may be predominantly present as particles with a particle size in the range of about 10 to 1000 &mgr;m. The abrasive agent may also include mineral particles.

Abstract: An improved composition and method for cleaning and disinfecting a garbage disposal that does not require aerosol propellants or carbon dioxide gas generating reaction systems. The composition comprises a suds stabilizing surfactant and a disinfecting agent, plus other optional ingredients such as additional detergent surfactant and scouring agents. In the method of cleaning and disinfecting, a flow of water is provided to the garbage disposal and the composition is then added while the garbage disposal is turned on. The mechanical action of the garbage disposal grinder blades rapidly mixes the composition with water to create suds and disperse the suds around the entire interior chamber, thus cleansing and disinfecting the garbage disposal. After the suds are generated, the flow of water is discontinued, with the garbage disposal being turned off within about 1 minute after the flow of water is discontinued.

Abstract: There is provided powder detergent containing a surfactant, a powder modifier, a fragrance and a builder, in which the powder modifier comprises a RB ceramics powder and/or CRB ceramics powder at least as one component thereof. The present powder detergent exhibits high stain removability and powder properties as well as improved long term fragrance stability.

Abstract: A contaminated surface polishing-washing detergent composition comprises a polishing media and a dispersion medium wherein at least a part of the polishing media is made of a fine powder of an RB ceramic and/or CRB ceramic. The composition is effective in polishing-washing the surfaces of a precision-worked base material, and after the polishing-washing, the particles of metal oxides and the particles of removed burrs and the cutting metal chips are simply separated from the composition by use of the difference in specific gravity to re-use it by recycling.

Abstract: A liquid cleanser comprises an aqueous medium, a surface active agent and a polishing material wherein the polishing material contains as at least one component thereof an RB ceramic and/or CRB ceramic powder.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aqueous dispersion for chemical mechanical polishing suitable for polishing of copper, which has a high polishing speed and a low erosion rate with overpolishing. The aqueous dispersion for chemical mechanical polishing of the invention contains a compound having a heterocycle, a surfactant and an oxidizing agent, wherein the compound having a heterocycle and the surfactant are in a weight ratio of 1:10 to 1:0.03. The aqueous dispersion may also contain abrasive particle. The compound having a heterocycle is preferably quinaldic acid, benzotriazole or the like. The surfactant is preferably a sulfonic acid salt such as potassium dodecylbenzenesulfonate or ammonium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and the oxidizing agent is preferably ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide or the like. The abrasive particle used may be inorganic particle such as colloidal silica, an organic particle such as polymer particle, or an organic/inorganic composite particle comprising a combination thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition which can be utilized to induce foaming of a resin or polymeric material in polymer processing machinery. The composition of the present invention includes a blowing agent which decomposes and evolves gases thereby causing the polymeric material to foam. The compositions of the present invention allow for reductions in part weight, cycle times and injection pressure.

Abstract: A non-toxic cleaning agent with biocidal and dirt-removing properties, which is used together with a solvent, contains at least one surface-active agent and phosphorus-containing bioactive glass particles. The glass particles preferably release at least 300 &mgr;g of alkali metal ions per gram, have an average size of less than 400 &mgr;m and contain SiO2, CaO, Na2O, CaF2, B2O3, K2O and/or MgO, as well as P2O5. These cleaning agents are particularly well suited for cleaning surfaces and textile materials, for use in dishwashing detergents and particularly in medical and food-serving establishments.

Abstract: New clay-like athletic surface compositions that utilize different types of glass cullet, such as container, ceramic, or plate glass, are provided. Preferably, recycled container-glass cullet between 1.4 millimeters and 20 microns in size is used to provide a slow playing, resilient surface good for a variety of athletic purposes, such as tennis, track and field, and bocce.