Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of a mammal for hearing impairments involving neuronal damage, loss, or degeneration, preferably of spinal ganglion neurons, by administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a trkB or trkC agonist, particularly a neurotrophin, more preferably NT-4/5. Also provided are improved compositions and methods for treatments requiring administration of a pharmaceutical having an ototoxic side-effect, wherein the improvement includes administering a therapeutically effective amount of a trkB or trkC agonist to treat the ototoxicity.

Abstract: Novel compounds of general formula I: 1

Abstract: Catechol derivatives of general formula (I) in which R1 denotes O-acyl and R2 represents amino acid residues in the 3- and/or 4-position function as siderophores and/or as biological chelating agents for iron in gram-negative bacteria. Conjugates with antibiotics improve penetration into bacterial cells, thereby increasing antibacterial efficacy of the cells.

Abstract: A composition having antibacterial activity is disclosed. More particularly, a mixture of an oxazolidinone compound, sulbactam, and ampicillin active agents, demonstrating activity against resistant strains of bacteria is disclosed. Methods for using an oxazolidinone compound, sulbactam, and ampicillin to treat a bacterial infection are also described.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of pure boswellic acid, a physiologically acceptable salt, a derivative, a salt of the derivative or a plant preparation containing boswellic acid for preventing and/or combatting diseases which are caused by increased leucocytic elastase or plasmin activity or can be treated by the inhibition of normal leucocytic elastase or plasmin activity, in human or veterinary medicine.

Abstract: A surface is provided with antibiotic or antiseptic properties. A solid substrate is modified by covalently fixing one or more spacers having reactive extremities via a proximate reactive extremity, and one or more antibiotic, bactericidal, viricidal or fungicidal molecules covalently bonded to a distal reactive extremity of the spacer or spacers. The spacer has formula A1—(CH2)n—A2, where: A1 is where Z=H, OH or Cl; or SiY3 where Y3 is Cl or an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms; n is in the range 2 to 18; A2 is selected from the following residues: CH═CH2, OH, halogen or where Z=H, OH or Cl.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical prodrug compositions are provided comprising azide derivatives of drugs which are capable of being converted to the drug in vivo. Azide derivatives of drugs having amine, ketone and hydroxy substituents are converted in vivo to the corresponding drugs, increasing the half-life of the drugs. In addition azide prodrugs are often better able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier than the corresponding drugs. Especially useful are azide derivatives of cordycepin, 2′-F-ara-ddI, AraA, acyclovir, penciclovir and related drugs. Useful azide prodrugs are azide derivatives of therapeutic alicyclic amines, ketones, and hydroxy-substituted compounds, including aralkyl, heterocyclic aralkyl, and cyclic aliphatic compounds, where the amine or oxygen moiety is on the ring, or where the amine or oxygen moiety is on an aliphatic side chain, as well as therapeutic purines and pyrimidines, nucleoside analogs and phosphorylated nucleoside analogs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a preparation comprising a substance influencing the cellular redox state for treating papilloma virus-positive malignant lesions.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of a mammal for hearing impairments involving neuronal damage, loss, or degeneration, preferably of spinal ganglion neurons, by administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a trkB or trkC agonist, particularly a neurotrophin, more preferably NT-4/5. Also provided are improved compositions and methods for treatments requiring administration of a pharmaceutical having an ototoxic side-effect, wherein the improvement includes administering a therapeutically effective amount of a trkB or trkC agonist to treat the ototoxicity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of pure boswellic acid, a physiologically acceptable salt, a derivative, a salt of said derivative or a vegetable preparation containing boswellic acid for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of brain tumours.

Abstract: A delivery system that releases a diagnostic marker or therapeutic agent in a manner sensitive to the concentration of urease in a physiological compartment, particularly the gastrointestinal tract, and methods of use.

Abstract: This invention relates to new benzoxazinedione derivatives corresponding to the formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 =H or carboxyalkyl, R.sup.2 =H, alkyl or phenyl, and R.sup.3 represents different acid groups derived from amino acids, dipeptides and hydrazones or conjugates thereof with active ingredients, e.g. antibiotics. The compounds may be present as free acids, in the form of their salts or as readily cleavable esters. The compounds according to the invention constitute heterocyclically protected catechol derivatives and are effective as siderophores against gram-negative bacterial strains, particularly against Pseudomonads and strains of E. coli and Salmonella. In the form of their conjugates with active ingredients, e.g. antibiotics (as "siderophore-antibiotic conjugates"), they can transport the latter into bacterial cells and can improve or extend the antibacterial effect thereof, sometimes even in relation to bacterial strains which are resistant to other .beta.-lactams.

Abstract: New 2-oxo-1-azetidine sulfonic acid derivatives with an aminoalkyl substituted "anti" (E-isomer) oxyimino group in the acylamino substituent at the 3 position of the monobactam ring. These compounds are potent inhibitors of bacterial .beta.-lactamases. These compounds can be used in combination with .beta.-lactam antibiotics to increase the effectiveness of the .beta.-lactam antibiotics in fighting infection caused by .beta.-lactamase producing bacteria.

Abstract: A granulate, containing at least 50 wt. % of a water soluble .beta.-lactam antibiotic, is provided. A process to prepare a granulate containing such .beta.-lactam antibiotic comprises moistening components making up the granulate with an aqueous solution containing no substantial amount of a wet granulation binding agent. Oral dosage-forms, which contain the said antibiotic in a granular form, a cellulose product and a disintegrant and which quickly disperse when placed in an aqueous environment, are disclosed, as well as a method for the preparation of the dosage-forms.

Abstract: Methods for screening for compounds which potentiate the activity of antibacterial agents against bacteria resistant to the antibacterial agent alone, pharmaceutical compositions including such potentiators, and methods of treating bacterial infections using a combination of a potentiator and a potentiated antibacterial agent, which are useful for overcoming the resistance of a bacterial strain for an antibacterial agent.

Abstract: Now are provided (R)-3,6-diamino-N-(.omega.-aminoalkyl)-hexanamides which are novel compounds having the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein n stands for 2-5, and which may be for example, (R)-3,6-diamino-N-(2-aminoethyl)hexanamide (n=2) and (R)-3,6-diamino-N-(3-aminopropyl)hexanamide (n=3). Their preparation process is also provided. These novel compounds and acid addition salts thereof have activities inhibitory against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and AIDS virus, as well as tumor cells and are chemically stable.These novel compounds and their salts are useful as chemotherapeutic agents for diseases caused by these bacteria or virus and also as antitumor agent.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for repressing reproduction of latent viruses, such as HIV, in animals by the generally concurrent administration of (1) antioxidants including a glutathione agent; and (2) an NFKB induction inhibitor. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions and kits for use in repressing reproduction of latent viruses such as HIV.

Abstract: The invention involves pharmaceutical compositions for topical application comprising:(a) a safe and effective amount of a pharmaceutical active; and(b) from about 0.05% to about 5% of a non-ionic polyacrylamide having a molecular wight of from about 1,000,000 to about 30,000,000.

Abstract: There are described pharmaceutical compositions comprising(a) compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R signifies lower alkoxycarbonyl, lower alkoxy-carbonylamino, the acyl residue of an .alpha.- or .beta.-amino acid or a residue of the general formulaQ--X--Y-- (a)wherein Q signifies a 3- to 6-membered ring which optionally contains nitrogen, sulphur and/or oxygen and which is optionally bonded with a fused ring, X signifies a direct bond or a linear "spacer" with up to 6 atoms consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulphur, of which up to 2 atoms can be nitrogen atoms and 1 atom can be oxygen or sulphur, and Y represents one of the groups --CO--, --CS--, --CONH-- and (where X contains neither sulphur nor carbonyl as a terminal component) --SO.sub.2 --; and in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together signify a group of the formula ##STR2## wherein A represents hydrogen or a residue which is usable in the 3-position of cephalosporin antibiotics, and in which R.sub.

Abstract: There are described pharmaceutical compositions comprising(a) compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R signifies lower alkoxycarbonyl, lower alkoxy-carbonylamino, the acyl residue of an .alpha.- or .beta.-amino acid or a residue of the general formulaQ--X--Y-- (a)wherein Q signifies a 3- to 6-membered ring which optionally contains nitrogen, sulphur and/or oxygen and which is optionally bonded with a fused ring, X signifies a direct bond or a linear "spacer" with up to 6 atoms consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulphur, of which up to 2 atoms can be nitrogen atoms and 1 atom can be oxygen or sulphur, and Y represents one of the groups --CO--, --CS--, --CONH-- and (where X contains neither sulphur nor carbonyl as a terminal component) --SO.sub.2 --; and in which R.sup.1 signifies hydrogen, halogen, carbamoyloxy, lower alkanoyloxy or a group of the formula --S--Het, wherein Het represents a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic group containing nitrogen, sulphur and/or oxygen, and R.sup.

Abstract: A method of administering a drug to an eye including the steps of: (a) admixing a pharmaceutically acceptable hydrocarbonaceous semi-solid or oil which contains the drug with water at a temperature above the melting point of the semi-solid or oil; and (b) nebulizing the admixture to form liquid drops; and (c) applying the liquid drops to the eye.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for repressing reproduction of latent viruses, such as HIV, in animals by the generally concurrent administration of (1) antioxidants including a glutathione agent; and (2) an NFKB induction inhibitor. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions and kits for use in repressing reproduction of latent viruses such as HIV.

Abstract: The use is described of both (i) ranitidine bismuth citrate and (ii) one or more Helicobacter pylori-inhibiting antibiotics in treating or preventing gastrointestinal disorders.Pharmaceutical compositions containing both (i) and (ii) and methods for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions containing (i) and (ii) are also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of diagnosing and treating a pregnant female at risk for impending preterm delivery. The method comprises the step of diagnosing imminent preterm delivery by testing with a method that has a sensitivity of at least 80% and a specificity of at least 80%, or by testing for fetal fibronectin in the female's vaginal or cervical secretions. If imminent preterm delivery is indicated by the test, the next step comprises administering to the female a combination of a tocolytic agent, at least one urinastatin-like compound, and at least one antibiotic. Also provided is a pharmaceutical composition of MGMTSRYFYNGTSMA (SEQ ID NO:1), RAFIQLWAFDAVKGK (SEQ ID NO:2) and an antibiotic.

Abstract: A formulation comprising amoxycillin or a veterinarily acceptable derivative thereof, clavulanic acid or a veterinarily acceptable derivative thereof, and a veterinarily acceptable carrier is used in the treatment of farrowing fever and/or bacterial pneumonia in pigs.

Abstract: The invention concerns medical use, a medical method and a pharmaceutical preparation. The invention allows the action of .beta.-lactam antibiotics to be targeted and their side effects to be reduced by inactivation of part of the antibiotic in a desired section of the digestive tract distal to the stomach by administering, separately from or simultaneously with antibiotic, and enzyme, such as .beta.-lactamase, which breaks down said antibiotic.

Abstract: A new method for the prevention and treatment of Idiopathic inflammatory Bowel Disease (IIBD), including Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, in human patients is provided. The key steps include sterilizing the intestinal tract with multiple antibiotics to kill the pre-existing bacterial flora, and replacing the latter with different, select, well-characterized bacteria taken from normal humans. The new microflora serve to generate more normal metabolic and immune responses, remitting thereby the IIBD.

Abstract: A method of and composition for treating a Helicobacter pylori infection in a mammal. The method comprises administering to said mammal orally a therapeutically effective amount of a Helicobacter pylori eradicating antibiotic and a phospholipid. The composition comprises a Helicobacter pylori eradicating antibiotic and a phospholipid.

Abstract: The present invention features saponin containing enteral formulations for treatment of infection and inflammation. These saponin containing formulations are particularly useful in conjunction with oils rich in .omega.3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as fish oils and flax oil but also show benefits with .omega.6 rich oils such as borage oil, black currant seed oil, canola oil and rapeseed oil. These formulations may also contain a lignan from the sesamin family.

Abstract: S-triazine derivatives of formula (I): ##STR1## a process for the preparation thereof and the use thereof as light stabilisers.

Abstract: A method of killing microorganisms which form a biofilm on a tissue or implant surfaces in a patient, and which are refractory to a biocide at a dose which is effective to kill the microorganism in planktonic form. The effect of the biocide is potentiated, to an effective killing level, by applying an electric field across the surface containing the biofilm.

Abstract: A method and composition for topically treating acne and acneiform dermal disorders includes applying an amount of an antibiotic selected from the group consisting of ampicillin, amoxicillin, other aminopenicillins, and cephalosporin, and derivatives and analogs thereof, effective to treat the acne and acneiform dermal disorders. The antibiotic is blended with a carrier suitable for topical application to dermal tissues. The carrier is selected from the group consisting of an aqueous liquid, an alcohol base, a water soluble gel, a lotion, an ointment base, petrolatum, a nonaqueous liquid base, a mineral oil base, a blend of mineral oil and petrolatum, a suspension of solid particles in a liquid, and a suspension of an ion-exchange resin in water.

Abstract: Methods, for the treatment of humans and lower animal subjects having a gastrointestinal disorder, comprising administering bismuth and administering an antimicrobial. From about 50 to about 5000 milligrams of bismuth are administered, per day, for from 3 to 56 days. A safe and effective amount of antimicrobial is administered for from 1 to 21 days. Preferred processes also include a step for performing a diagnostic test on the subject for detection of a campylobacter-like organism infection of the subject. The invention also provides compositions containing a safe and effective amount of bismuth and a safe and effective amount of antimicrobial.

Abstract: An unpressurized container containing a palatable pharmaceutical formulation comprising a homogeneous, non-aqueous suspension of an orally active medicament, an edible oily vehicle, an edible emulsifier and a finely particulate sugar having no oily after taste.

Abstract: Pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds such as .alpha. boswelic acid and its acetate, .beta.-boswellic acid and its acetate, which have an inhibitory effect on topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II, are disclosed. Compositions based on the pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds which can be used to treat various cancers in mammals are also disclosed.

Abstract: The subject compounds, which are adapted for the site-specific/sustained delivery of centrally acting drug species to the brain, are:(a) compounds of the formula[D-DHC] (I)wherein [D] is a centrally acting drug species, and [DHC] is the reduced, biooxidizable, blood-brain barrier penetrating lipoidal form of a dihydropyridine.revreaction.pyridinium salt redox carrier, with the proviso that when [DHC] is ##STR1## wherein R is a lower alkyl or benzyl and [D] is a drug species containing a single NH.sub.2 or OH functional group, the single OH group when present being a primary or secondary OH group, said drug species being linked directly through said NH.sub.

Abstract: A composition useful for administering therapeutically active compounds to improve the body absorption and/or retention thereof comprising a composition which includes a therapeutically active compound having a molecular weight below about 5,000 and having an acidic functional group, which is normally eliminated from the body via the renal tubular secretion pathway for organic anions, for example, Vitamin C, and at least one compound selected from the class consisting of L-threonic, L-xylonic and L-lyxonic acids, and the edible salts, aldono-lactones and aldono-lactides thereof.A method for establishing and maintaining body levels of a therapeutically active compound which includes the step of administering a therapeutically effective dose of this composition.

Abstract: An antibacterial synergistic composition consisting essentially of a mixture of a penicillin or cephalosporin derivative of the formula ##STR1## and a penicillin of the formula ##STR2## preferably in association with a pharmaceutical carrier.

Abstract: A solid pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more .beta.-lactam antibiotics in acid or amphoteric form in association with at least one physiologically acceptable base in the presence of a gaseous atmosphere containing a stabilizing amount of carbon dioxide at a concentration greater than that of atmospheric air. The compositions exhibit enhanced stability. A preferred antibiotic for the compositions is ceftazidime or a hydrate thereof, and a preferred base is sodium cabonate or a mixture thereof with one or more other bases.

Abstract: The rectal absorption of the beta-lactam antibiotic ceftriaxone in a solid dosage form is enhanced with chenodeoxycholic acid or its sodium salt, in the presence of a carrier consisting of a mixture of two or more glycerides of C.sub.12 to C.sub.18 fatty acids.

Abstract: Suppositories containing as the active substance a therapeutically effective amount of ceftriaxone, a pharmaceutically compatible salt thereof or a hydrate of one of these compounds, a stabilizer consisting of a mono-, di- or triglyceride of a C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 -fatty acid or of a mixture of such glycerides, a potentiator consisting of an aliphatic C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 -fatty acid, a mono-, di- or triglyceride of a C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -fatty acid, a partial ester or complete ester of propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol or a carbohydrate with a C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -fatty acid, a pharmaceutically compatible ester or ether thereof or of a mixutre of the said potentiators and, if desired, customary therapeutically inert adjuvants for suppositories, and their manufacture are described. These have valuable antimicrobial properties.

Abstract: Acylcarnitine used as a nasal, buccal, sublingual and vaginal drug absorption enhancing vehicle for poorly absorbed drugs.

Abstract: Choline ester salts are used as drug absorption enhancing agents for orally and rectally administered drugs.

Abstract: Choline esters are used as drug absorption enhancing agents for drugs which are poorly absorbed from the nasal, oral, and vaginal cavities.

Abstract: This invention relates to penicillanic acid derviatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which X stands for chlorine, bromine or iodine, to pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic salts of the compounds of formula I, to pharmaceutically acceptable, easily hydrolyzable esters thereof, including salts of such esters, to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of the invention and dosage units thereof, to methods for the preparation of the compounds of the invention, and to methods of using the said new compounds in the human and veterinary therapy.The 6.beta.-halopenicillanic acids of formula I are potent inhibitors of .beta.-lactamases from a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, making the 6.beta.-halopenicillanic acids as well as their salts and easily hydrolyzable esters valuable in human and veterinary medicine.

Abstract: Salts of readily hydrolyzable esters of 6-alpha-(aminomethyl)penicillanic acid 1,1-dioxide and (a) prodrug forms of ampicillin and amoxicillin or (b) ampicillin and amoxicillin and a dibasic acid are readily absorbed following oral adminstration, and are useful in treating bacterial infections.

Abstract: An extract from a saponin-containing galenical has the effect of promoting absorption of a pharmacologically active substance or drug such as .beta.-lactam antibiotic administered through the alimentary system. In particular, saponin components are isolated from the extract of Sapindus mukurossi Gaertn. and recognized to have similar promotion effect of drug absorption. Thus, it has been made possible to increase absorption of a drug and hence its pharmacological effect by administering these substances in combination with a pharmacologically active substance orally or into the rectum.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for inhibiting the synthesis and release of toxins from bacteria which comprises contacting the bacteria with an antitoxic prostaglandin.