Abstract: Methods of treating multiple sclerosis in a subject, including: reducing the frequency of relapse, reducing the annualized relapse rate, reducing the risk of disability progression, reducing the number of new or newly enlarging T2 lesions, reducing the number of gadolinium lesions; and methods of preserving/increasing myelin content in a subject having multiple sclerosis; by daily administering a composition containing a fumarate, such as dimethyl fumarate or monomethyl fumarate, to the subject.

Abstract: Invention pertains to a free-flowing particulate powder including 2-90 wt. % of an active compound on a carrier, wherein the carrier has a D(v,0.1) of at least 100 microns, with the active compound being selected from lactylate in accordance with formula (1), Formula (1): R2-COO—[—CH(CH3)-COO]n-R1 or a Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe(II), Zn, NH4, or Cu(II) salt thereof, a glycolylate of formula (2), Formula (2): R2-COO—[—CH2-COO]n-R1 or a Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe(II), Zn, NH4, or Cu(II) salt thereof a lactate ester of formula (3), Formula (3): HO—CH(CH3)-COO—R2 and/or a glycolic acid ester of formula (4), Formula (4): HO—CH2-COO—R2 wherein in the above formulae R1 is selected from H, n stands for an integer with a value of 1-10, and R2 stands for a C1-C35 alkyl or alkenyl chain which may be branched or unbranched. The powder allows easy provision of the active compound to feed compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to concentrated liquid cleansing compositions in lamellar phase which possess a lotion-like appearance conveying signals of enhanced moisturization. The use of a specific ratio of synthetic anionic surfactant(s) and co-surfactant(s) to fatty acid(s) in a structured liquid product was found to improve lather production by moderating or eliminating the increase in viscosity upon dilution. In a further embodiment, specific small hydrophobic molecules were found to improve freeze/thaw stability and thereby cause the inventive composition to maintain noticeable moisturization signals.

Abstract: Provided herein are lipidoids that may be prepared from the conjugate addition of alkylamines to acrylates. In some embodiments, provided lipidoids are biodegradable and may be used in a variety of drug delivery systems. Given the amino moiety of the lipidoids, they are well-suited for the delivery of polynucleotides, in addition to other agents. Nanoparticles containing the inventive lipidoids and polynucleotides have been prepared and have been shown to be effective in delivering siRNA.

Abstract: This invention relates to the field of therapeutic agents for the treatment of Age-Associated Memory Impairment (AAMI). In particular, the present invention utilizes compositions comprising at least one compound capable of elevating ketone body concentrations in a mammal (e.g., ketogenic compounds), administered in an amount effective for treatment or prevention of loss of cognitive function caused by reduced neuronal metabolism in AAMI. In one embodiment, the composition includes medium chain triglycerides (MCT). In another embodiment, the compositions are administered in the presence of carbohydrate. The present invention also relates to oral dosage forms, in particular, a nutritional drink comprising at least one compound capable of elevating ketone body concentrations in a mammal.

Abstract: Provided is a cosmetic composition which has a structure-recovering property, is transparent, is satisfactory in smoothness when applied to the skin or hair, and has a good feeling in use, which comprises components (A) to (D) as described.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to, inter alia, methods of treating mixed dyslipidemia with ethyl eicosapentaenoate.

Abstract: The invention provides novel compositions based on a structure designated as “Honaucin A”, including Honaucin A variants and analogs, and pharmaceutical compositions, liposomes and nanoparticles comprising them, and methods of making and using them. In one embodiment these Honaucin A compounds, and variants and analogs thereof are used to ameliorate (including to treat or prevent) inflammation. In one embodiment, these Honaucin A compounds, and variants and analogs thereof are used to ameliorate (including to treat or prevent) inflammation. In one embodiment, these Honaucin A compounds, and variants and analogs thereof are used as bacterial quorumsensing inhibitors. Accordingly, in alternative embodiments the compositions of the invention are used as anti-bacterial agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of lipids and in particular aims at improving lipid absorption, for example under conditions of lipid maldigestion or malabsorption. One embodiment of the present invention relates to a composition comprising a sn-2 monoacylglycerol derivative, wherein the sn-1 and sn-3 positions are blocked by protective groups. The acyl group may be a fatty acid, for example one with anti-inflammatory properties.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel derivatives of 4-hydroxybutyric acid and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the foregoing. This invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of this invention and the use of such compositions in methods of treating narcolepsy, fibromyalgia, other disorders or conditions that are beneficially treated by improving nocturnal sleep or by administering sodium oxybate.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a soft capsule preparation which includes a self-emulsifying composition containing an oily component, an emulsifier, 8% by mass to 20% by mass of a polyhydric alcohol and 2.5% by mass to 5% by mass of water, and a capsule film containing 35% by mass to 50% by mass of a polyhydric alcohol and gelatin, in which capsule film the above-described self-emulsifying composition is encapsulated; a method of producing the soft capsule preparation; a composition for a soft capsule preparation, which is an intermediate product of the soft capsule preparation; and a self-emulsifying composition and a capsule film composition that are used in the composition for a soft capsule preparation.

Abstract: The invention includes, in part, methods and compounds for treating cancer including, but not limited to gliomas, melanomas, and neuroblastomas. In some embodiments of the invention, a glyceryltriacetate compound is administered to a subject in an amount effective to treat or prevent a cancer in the subject.

Abstract: This invention provides methods of identifying agents useful to prevent, ameliorate or treat one or more symptoms of Friedreich's ataxia or other neurodegenerative disease, and methods of employing the identified agents to prevent, reduce, delay or inhibit one or more systems of Friedreich's ataxia or other neurodegenerative disease.

Abstract: Systems, techniques and methods for estimating the metabolic state or flux, e.g., the body energy state (“BES”) of a patient, are disclosed. The BES provides deep insight into the nutritional needs of the patient, thus allowing for a sort of exquisite glycemic control with regard to the patient. The invention discloses systems and methods for estimating fractional gluconeogenesis, which is the % of glucose production that comes from gluconeogenesis (“GNG”), as opposed to glycogenolysis (“GLY”), the other form of glucose production. Nutritional formulations, materials, cocktails and methods for feeding patients by parenteral and other means are disclosed. The amount, type and rate of such nutritional feeding are typically based upon the above estimating. The invention discloses formulations that contain labels, such as deuterium, for medical diagnostics, such as for estimating BES and fractional gluconeogenesis.

Abstract: Systems, techniques and methods for estimating the metabolic state or flux, e.g., the body energy state (“BES”) of a patient, are disclosed. The BES provides deep insight into the nutritional needs of the patient, thus allowing for a sort of exquisite glycemic control with regard to the patient. The invention discloses systems and methods for estimating fractional gluconeogenesis, which is the % of glucose production that comes from gluconeogenesis (“GNG”), as opposed to glycogenolysis (“GLY”), the other form of glucose production. Nutritional formulations, materials, cocktails and methods for feeding patients by parenteral and other means are disclosed. The amount, type and rate of such nutritional feeding are typically based upon the above estimating. The invention discloses formulations that contain labels, such as deuterium, for medical diagnostics, such as for estimating BES and fractional gluconeogenesis.

Abstract: A novel method for improving the meat quality of an animal is provided. In one embodiment, the method comprises feeding the animal a diet supplemented with oleic acid and tocols and subsequently formulating the meat with a non-tocol antioxidant such as rosemary extract. The source of the oleic acid and/or tocols may be transgenic corn that employs the FAD-2 gene as a silencing agent for a high-oleic phenotype and/or expresses the HGGT gene for a high-tocotrienol phenotype. The method improves the quality of meat from both non-ruminants and ruminants.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising a docusate; an osmotic laxative; and a benzoate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an ester comprising an after-treatment of the ester to give an ester in granule form of defined particle size distribution, a device for carrying out this process, a process for the preparation of a thermoplastic composition comprising the ester prepared according to the invention, a process for the production of a shaped article comprising the ester according to the invention or the thermoplastic composition according to the invention, a process for the production of a packed product, a process for the production of an at least partly coated object, and uses of the esters according to the invention as an additive in various compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides insecticidal lipids and lipid fractions from fungi of the phylum Ascomycota, together with compositions comprising such lipids and lipid fractions and methods of preparing same. Methods for the biological control of insects, such as phytopathogenic insects, using the lipids and lipid fractions or compositions comprising said lipids optionally together with one or more insecticidal or entomopathogenic agents including entomopathogenic fungi, are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to omega-3 diglyceride emulsions characterized in that the lipid phase comprises at least about 40 wt.-% of diglycerides. Preferably about 70 wt.-% of the acyl-groups of said diglycerides are eicoapentaenoic acid (EPA) groups and/or docasahexaenoic (DHA) groups. The invention further relates to methods of treatment using the omega-3 diglyceride emulsions.

Abstract: Novel compounds, and in particular to diacylglycerol (1, 3-DAG) and alpha-lipoic acid (LA) and/or dihydro-alpha-lipoic acid (DHLA) derivatives. In particular these novel compounds are used as functional food additives. These may for example be used as nutraceuticals and/or pharmaceuticals in the prevention and treatment of obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, oxidative stress and other lifestyle-related diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to controlled release pharmaceutical compositions comprising fumaric acid ester(s) as active substance(s). The compositions are suitable for use in the treatment of e.g. psoriasis or other hyperproliferative, inflammatory or autoimmune disorders and are designated to release the fumaric acid ester in a controlled manner so that local high concentrations of the active substance within the gastrointestinal tract upon oral administration can be avoided and, thereby, enabling a reduction in gastro-intestinal related side-effects.

Abstract: The treatment of disease in organisms using Macromolecular interaction modulators and Membrane active immunomodulators, particularly selected azelaic acid esters, individually and in combinations, to modulate communications between biological molecules.

Abstract: Cosmetic particle compositions are provided which are adapted to form hard cosmetic particles that transform to soft cosmetic particles after their incorporation into topical formulations, particularly surfactant-based topical formulations. The composition includes one or more partially or fully hydrogenated triglyceride oils, at least 50% of which have at least 15% by weight fatty acid moieties with carbon chain lengths of C18 or higher. Additives may be disposed in or on the hard cosmetic particles and delivered when the cosmetic particles are broken proximate a target such as the skin, hair or nails of a mammalian subject or another target. The transformable hard cosmetic particles permit the storage and shipment of intact cosmetic particles yet transform in situ to achieve the benefits of soft cosmetic particles.

Abstract: A crystalline form of a ?-aminobutyric acid analog, and methods of preparing same, are provided.

Abstract: The embodiments relate to fat emulsion structures based on both an aqueous and non-aqueous glycerin component as the primary aqueous component in which the fat emulsion can create a wide range of viscosities that mimic fat structures similar to cream, or all the way to hardened fat structures like Trans Fat. The fat emulsion can be added to a wide group of foods that use a monosaccharide or disaccharide as the basis for its sweetener component, can lower the sugar content of foods, can improve mouth feel while lowering the fat content in high fat foods, can add a balance of dietary fats and fiber to foods, and can add antioxidant content to food products. The fat emulsion also can be used as a taste masking composition to mask the taste of unpalatable active ingredients or unpalatable components that may be added to the emulsion.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical preparation comprising EPA in an appropriately assimilable form where of all the fatty acids present in the preparation at least 90%, and preferably at least 95%, is in the form of EPA and where less than 5%, and preferably less than 3%, is in the form of DHA is provided.

Abstract: The present invention demonstrates the therapeutic use of ketone esters for seizure disorders, Alzheimer's disease and malignant brain cancer, which are associated with metabolic dysregulation. The administration of ketone esters resulted therapeutic ketosis and neuroprotection against seizures resulting from CNS oxygen toxicity. Supplemental ketones were also found to reduce superoxide production in cultured cortex neurons exposed to hyperbaric oxygen and A?-42, and to decrease proliferation and viability in U87 glioma cells. These observations support the therapeutic effect of ketones for seizure disorders, Alzheimer's disease and malignant brain cancer. The ketone esters may be derived from acetoacetate and can include R,S-1,3-butanediol acetoacetate monoester, R,S-1,3-butanediol acetoacetate diester, or a combination of the two.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of treating subjects having conditions related to angiogenesis including administering an effective amount of a polymeric form of thyroid hormone, or an antagonist thereof, to promote or inhibit angiogenesis in the subject. Compositions of the polymeric forms of thyroid hormone, or thyroid hormone analogs, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyglycerol esters with a particular oligomer distribution of the polyglycerol present, and to their use in in particular cosmetic formulations as, for example, emulsifier.

Abstract: Improved oral dosage forms of methyl hydrogen fumarate and prodrugs thereof are disclosed. Methods of treating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and psoriasis using such dosage forms are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of certain dialkyl fumarates for the preparation of pharmaceutical preparations for use in transplantation medicine or for the therapy of autoimmune diseases and said compositions in the form of micro-tablets or pellets. For this purpose the dialkyl fumarates may also be used in combination with conventional preparations used in transplantation medicine and immunosuppressive agents, especially cyclosporines.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition for hydrating keratinous substrates such as skin, hair and nails, the composition containing: (a) greater than 10% by weight of glycerin; (b) at least one C3-C8 alkanediol, other than glycerin; (c) an emollient mixture comprising shea butter and squalane; (d) at least one surfactant; and (e) water, all weights based on the total weight of the composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides acyclic, geminal-dinitro organic compounds, methods of synthesizing the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, therapeutic methods, and medical kits for treating various conditions using such compounds and pharmaceutical compositions. The compounds and compositions are useful in the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: Methods of therapeutic treatment using monomethyl fumarate and prodrugs of monomethyl fumarate are disclosed.

Abstract: Oral dosage forms and granulations with a high loading of a methyl hydrogen fumarate prodrug are disclosed.

Abstract: Improved oral dosage forms of methyl hydrogen fumarate and prodrugs thereof are disclosed. Methods of treating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and psoriasis using such dosage forms are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of reducing undesirable side effects during therapeutic treatment using monomethyl fumarate and prodrugs of monomethyl fumarate are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions containing omega-3 oil and at least one anti-inflammatory agent and/or at least one gastrotoxic, nephrotoxic, or hepatotoxic pharmaceutical agent. The invention further provides kits containing these compositions and methods for decreasing pain or inflammation, decreasing the symptoms of an allergic condition, and/or the gastrotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity of a pharmaceutical agent in a subject (e.g., a human) or companion animal requiring the administration of at least one composition containing omega-3 oil. The invention also provides methods for formulating an anti-inflammatory agent to increase its absorption rate requiring the mixing of omega-3 oil with the anti-inflammatory agent and methods of concentrating an omega-3 oil.

Abstract: It is described the use of L-carnitine and/or one or more alkanoyl L-carnitines, or mixture thereof, or one of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, for the preparation of a medicament or a nutritional supplement useful for preventing or treating the Leber optic neuropathy.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to specific (poly-)glycerol partial esters with at least one carboxylic acid and one polyfunctional carboxylic acid, and to the use thereof as emulsifier and to formulations comprising partial esters of the present disclosure.

Abstract: Some aspects of the invention provide for a method of treating Impaired Energy Processing Disorders and Mitochondrial Deficiencies using polyunsaturated fatty acids which are modified in certain positions to attenuate oxidative damage by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and/or suppress the rate of formation of reactive products and toxic compounds.

Abstract: Some aspects of the invention provide for a method of treating Wet and/or Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration, Retinitis Pigmentosa, Diabetic Retinopathy, cataracts, and/or Stargardt Disease using polyunsaturated fatty acids which are modified in certain positions to attenuate oxidative damage by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and/or suppress the rate of formation of reactive products and toxic compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating a subject in need of treatment for multiple sclerosis including orally administering to the subject in need thereof a delayed release pharmaceutical composition using an increasing dose regimen, wherein an initial daily amount of drug administered is increased later to a higher daily amount and the pharmaceutical composition consists essentially of (a) dimethylfumarate and (b) one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

Abstract: The invention features a delayed release composition wherein the active ingredient consists essentially of about 240 mg of dimethylfumarate and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to ophthamological drugs. More specifically, the invention relates to a method of modifying (derivatizing) ophthamological drugs so as to increase their penetration through the cornea. The invention also relates to drugs modified (derivatized) in accordance with the instant method and to the use of same in treating conditions associated with elevated intraocular pressure, particularly, glaucoma.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising a docusate; an osmotic laxative; and a benzoate.

Abstract: Dietary formulations and methods for treating, preventing or delay onset of osteoarthritis in canines and other animals are disclosed. The formulations are enriched in n-3 fatty acids and limited in n-6 fatty acids.

Abstract: The present invention provides drug conjugates comprising 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid that may function as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI). These conjugates may serve as co-drugs which release a plurality of active species in vivo. The novel drug conjugates may be used, for the treatment or prevention of cancer in PDT-dependent and/or PDT-independent (nonPDT) treatments, as well as for cosmetic uses. In addition the present invention provides novel uses for both the novel and known compounds. According to some embodiments, the present invention provides drug conjugates (co-drugs) comprising (i) ALA, (ii) an aldehyde and (iii) a carboxylic acid that may function as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACO for the treatment of anemia and/or for the induction of erythropoiesis.

Abstract: Disclosed is a 6-mercapto-cyclodextrin derivative having general formula (I) wherein m is 0-7 and n is 1-8 and m+n=7 or 8; R is (C1-6)alkylene, optionally substituated with 1-3 OH groups, or (CH2)o-phenylene-(CH2)p—; o and p are independently 0-4; X is COOH, CONHR1, NHCOR2, SO2OH, PO(OH)2, O(CH2—CH2—O)q—H, OH or tetrazol-5-yl; R1 is H or (C1-3)alkyl; R2 is carboxyphenyl; q is 1-3; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The 6-mercaptocyclodextrin derivative is highly suitable for use in the reversal of drug-induced neuromuscular block.