Abstract: The invention provides novel pharmaceutical compositions based on semifluorinated alkanes which are useful as carriers for a broad range of active ingredients. Preferred active ingredients include poorly water-soluble prostaglandin analogues. The invention further provides kits comprising such compositions.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to an additive package for a lubricant composition that provides improved fluoropolymer compatibility. The additive package comprises a halide seal compatibility additive and a second seal compatibility additive. The disclosure is also directed to a lubricant composition comprising a base oil, a halide seal compatibility additive, and a second seal compatibility additive. The halide seal compatibility and the second seal compatibility additive improves the fluoropolymer seal compatibility of the resultant lubricant composition.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to compositions and methods for transdermal drug delivery. The compositions can be used in a variety of applications, including treating erectile dysfunction or sexual dysfunction, treating wounds, or causing or promoting hair growth. For example, in one aspect, the present invention is generally directed to compositions for delivery of nitric oxide, transdermally and/or to a mucosal surface. The composition may include nitric oxide. The nitric oxide may be present within a first phase comprising a lecithin, such as phosphatidylcholine. In certain embodiments, the lecithin is present in liposomes, micelles, or other vesicles containing nitric oxide. The composition can take the form of a gel, a cream, a lotion, an ointment, a solution, a solid “stick,” etc., that can be rubbed or sprayed onto the skin. In some embodiments, a composition comprising nitric oxide is unexpectedly stable and can be stored long-term.

Abstract: Provided are azeotrope-like compositions comprising tetrafluoropropene and hydrofluorocarbons and uses thereof, including use in refrigerant compositions, refrigeration systems, blowing agent compositions, and aerosol propellants.

Abstract: Fumigant compositions including hexafluoropropene or 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene, and methods of preparing such compositions, are provided herein. The fumigant compositions may be suitable for use as soil fumigant compositions and structural fumigant compositions against a variety of undesirable species such as weeds, nematodes, pathogens, animals and insects. The fumigant compositions also have low toxicity and low Global Warming Potential.

Abstract: An azeotrope-like mixture consisting essentially of a binary azeotrope-like mixture consisting essentially of trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (trans-HFO-1233zd) and a second component selected from the group consisting of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (trans-HFO-1234ze), and combinations of these and various uses thereof.

Abstract: Perfluorocarbons are used to control nitric oxide metabolism, either to inhibit nitric oxide activity or to potentiate the effects of nitric oxide. Perfluorocarbons can be used, for example, to treat hypotension and vasoplegia in septic shock, to protect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, to treat hypertension, and to provide antiplatelet effects.

Abstract: An azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising a mixture of methyl iodide, 1-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoropropene, and optionally one or more of fluorocarbons and/or hydrofluorocarbons. The compositions are present as a gas, at temperatures of about 30° C. or below. The inventive compositions serve as a non-ozone-depleting gaseous fumigant which is useful in a variety of applications, in place of methyl bromide. These compositions serve as a drop-in replacement for gaseous methyl bromide, providing the benefits of a methyl iodide fumigant while also utilizing existing methyl bromide equipment.

Abstract: Azeotropic and azeotrope-like compositions of methyl iodide and at least one fluorocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon such as 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa). The compositions are present as a gas, at temperatures of about 30° C. or below. The inventive compositions serve as a non-ozone-depleting gaseous fumigant which is useful in a variety of applications, in place of methyl bromide. These compositions serve as a drop-in replacement for gaseous methyl bromide, providing the benefits of a methyl iodide fumigant while also utilizing existing methyl bromide equipment.

Abstract: Compounds having a formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, are provided, and are useful for the treatment of metabolic disorders.

Abstract: Carboxylic acid fluorides having a boiling point of preferably less than 100° C. are suitable for use as pesticides. Acetyl fluoride is highly suitable, and Chlorodifluoroacetyl fluoride and trifluoroacetyl fluoride are also very useful. Mixtures of carboxylic acid fluoride pesticides and other pesticides are also disclosed.

Abstract: An insect pest eradication system comprised of a non-lethal knockout agent and an insecticide. The present invention also relates to a method of eradicating insects, particularly those found in earthen colonies, by treating the insects with a non-lethal knockout agent, such as trans-dichloroethylene, in combination with a suitable insecticide for the targeted insects.

Abstract: Cosmetic or personal care compositions comprise: a hair styling polymer having one or more groups selected from acidic functional groups, anionic groups derived from the acidic functional groups or a mixture of said groups; a partially or fully fluorinated compound having one or more groups selected from amino groups, acid salts of the amino groups or a mixture of said groups, wherein the partially or fully fluorinated compound comprises an aromatic ring; and a cosmetically acceptable diluent or carrier. The compositions are particularly effective under high humidity conditions.

Abstract: Fluorocarbon emulsions comprising a stabilizing, particle size controlling fluorophilic/hydrophilic compound which can have the formula RF1—W—RH1  (I) wherein RF1 is a linear, branched or cyclic C2-14 fluorocarbon group; RH1 is a linear, branched or cyclic C2-18 saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group; and W is absent or is a bivalent species chosen from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, or various fluorinated structures. Use of the fluorophilic/lipophilic compound in the dispersions of the invention provides stable particle size and efficient emulsification. The dispersions of the invention can comprise biologically useful additive and can be used for various purposes, as oxygen carriers, contrast agents, or diagnostic agents.

Abstract: The invention concerns semi-fluorinated alkanes of the general formulae RFRH or RFRHRF, RF being a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group and RH being a linear or branched saturated (hydrocarbon)-alkyl group.

Abstract: This invention relates to a non-aqueous fluorocarbon composition for use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or radiographic imaging (X-ray or computed tomography), particularly imaging of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; an improved fluorocarbon composition with enhanced contrast effects in the GI tract; a fluorocarbon composition having improved palatability; a fluorocarbon composition for delivering drugs or bioactive agents; improved preparations for radiographic imaging or MRI; methods for producing and using such preparations; methods for improving the palatability of non-aqueous liquids; and methods for improving imaging.

Abstract: The invention concerns semi-fluorinated alkanes of the general formulae RFRH and RFRHRF, RF being a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group and RH being a linear or branched saturated (hydrocarbon)-alkyl group.

Abstract: One can impart outstanding resistance against collapse under pressure to gas-filled microvesicle used as contrast agents in ultrasonic echography by using as fillers gases whose solubility in water, expressed in liter of gas by liter of water under standard conditions, divided by the square root of the molecular weight does not exceed 0.003.

Abstract: A cosmetic containing fluorine-containing oil represented by the following formula do not inhibit the oil repellency of powder treated with a fluorine-containing compound, is excellent in affinity for the skin, and is inexpensive.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the treatment of right to left shunt. The method comprises introducing, into the blood circulation of an individual, to be treated, a therapeutically effective amount of the stabilized microbubbles. In a preferred embodiment, oxygen is additionally administered to the individual.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of treating or preventing neoplastic diseases. The method comprises adminstering to a host in need of such treatment or prevention an effective amount of a Vitamin D.sub.3 analog of the Formula I wherein:X is H.sub.2 or CH.sub.2 ;Y is hydrogen, hydroxy or fluorine;Z is hydroxy;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl or fluoroalkyl, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together with C.sub.25 form a (C.sub.3 -C.sub.6) cycloalkyl or cyclofluoroalkyl;R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl or fluoroalkyl, or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together with C.sub.25' form a (C.sub.3 -C.sub.6)cycloalkyl or cyclofluoroalkyl;A is a single bond or a double bond;B.sub.1 is a single bond, an E-double bond, a Z-double bond or a triple bond; andB.sub.2 is a single bond, an E-double bond, a Z-double bond or a triple bond; or a prodrug thereof.

Abstract: A method for analyzing the ADME/PK properties of a mixture of compounds is (1) perfusing an animal or organ with a perfluorocarbon emulsion blood substitute, (2) administering the mixture of test compounds, (3) withdrawing an aliquot of the perfusate, (4) disrupting the emulsion, and (5) analyzing the aqueous phase of the perfusate for the concentration of test compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of using stabilized microbubbles, such as those formulated from slowly permeating gas, to deliver or remove from tissue at least one gas selected from a respiratory gas, anesthetic gas, inert gas, or toxic gas. The methods comprise introducing, into the blood circulation of an individual to be treated, a therapeutically effective amount of the stabilized microbubbles. The methods are based on using the inherent physical properties of the blood circulation, of the microbubbles, and of the gases. The methods are especially useful for enhancing transport of oxygen in applications or conditions such as blood loss, anemia, organ perfusion, coronary Angioplasty, venous to arterial shunting of blood, oxygenation of ischemic tissues resulting from vascular obstructions, and oxygenation of solid tumor tissues in anticancer therapy.

Abstract: The present invention involves perfluoro compound emulsions including nitric oxide, their preparation and their use. These emulsions provide a new source of nitric oxide. Such nitric oxide-containing emulsions may be used for the administration of nitric oxide to individuals in need thereof. Individuals in need of nitric oxide administration can include those suffering from hypertension, preeclampsia and a number of other situations where an increased blood flow, for example, is desirable. In addition, given the long use of perfluoro compound emulsions as blood substitutes, the present invention provides a relatively safe mode for administering and distributing nitric oxide-without potential negative side effects such as toxicities due to drug metabolites.

Abstract: A method and composition for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV), administered as two component treatment, involving 1) an orally administered squalene in combination with 2) the inhalation of squalene medication. Each medication component must be administered concurrently.

Abstract: Cosmetic skin or hair care compositions containing a liquid, inert, hydrophobic fluorocarbon infused with carbon dioxide. The compositions increase blood flow to the skin, thus increasing endogenous oxygen and nutrient delivery to the skin.

Abstract: A method of assisting a mammal having a lung disorder to breathe ambient gas normally, i.e., without the assistance of a ventilator. The method includes providing an animal having a lung disorder, such as surfactant deficiency, stiff lung, or hyperinflated lung syndrome, and instilling a minimum effective dose of a perfluorochemical liquid or emulsion through the trachea for coating the alveolar sacs of a lung of the mammal. The preferred perfluorochemicals have a very low vapor pressure to avoid inducing hyperinflated lung syndrome and are supplied in a minimum effective dosage sufficient to coat the inner lung surfaces. The perfluorochemicals are permeable to the ambient gas and reside substantially permanently within the alveolar sacs without inducing hyperinflated lung syndrome. The liquid is instilled in an amount sufficient to enable the animal to breathe the ambient gas normally with O.sub.2 /CO.sub.2 blood gas exchange. Effective coating of the lungs with a small (generally <0.

Abstract: Fluorinated alkene compounds useful for and methods of controlling nematodes, insects, and acarids that prey on agricultural crops, these compounds having the structure: ##STR1## where Q is --(C.dbd.S)--R.sub.1 and R.sub.1 is --OR.sub.5, --SR.sub.5, halogen, --NHOH or --NR.sub.5 R.sub.6. Each of R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is independently hydrogen; an aliphatic or an aromatic group; a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 aliphatic amine group; a C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 aliphatic carboxylic acid group; or R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 when taken together with the N of R.sub.1 are a protein amino acid or a cyclic group. Polar compounds are particularly useful for systemic control of pests.

Abstract: A method of reducing emissions from fumigant-injected soils wherein a potassium thiosulfate solution is applied to the soil surface. The method has been found to be effective for chloropicrin treated soils as well as soils treated with 1,3-dichloropropene The method provides the additional benefit of adding nutrient to the soil.

Abstract: Storage stable fluorocarbon emulsions having a continuous aqueous phase and a discontinuous fluorocarbon phase, in which the fluorocarbon phase comprises a major amount of a first fluorocarbon or fluorocarbon mixture, and a minor amount of a second fluorocarbon or fluorocarbon mixture, in which the second fluorocarbon has a molecular weight greater than that of the first fluorocarbon and the second fluorocarbon includes a lipophilic moiety in its structure, whereby the second fluorocarbon serves to promote particle size stability in the emulsion while simultaneously providing favorably short organ retention times when administered to animals in vivo.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nonterminally iodinated fluorinated compositions. The compositions, including, dispersions, emulsions, microemulsions, and gels are useful for biomedical applications, particularly radiography and scintigraphy. The compounds used in the invention preferably have the following general formula:R.sub.F CH.dbd.CIR.sup.1wherein,R.sub.F is a linear, branched, or cyclic first fluorocarbon radical, having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in which 50 to 100% of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine atoms; andR.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of a second fluorocarbon radical and a hydrocarbon radical, wherein,the second fluorocarbon radical is linear, branched, or cyclic, having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in which 50 to 100% of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine atoms; andthe hydrocarbon radical is linear, branched, or cyclic, having 2 to 14 carbon atoms.

Abstract: One can impart outstanding resistance against collapse under pressure to gas-filled microvesicle used as contrast agents in ultrasonic echography by using as fillers gases whose solubility in water, expressed in liter of gas by liter of water under standard conditions, divided by the square root of the molecular weight does not exceed 0.003.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are agents for enhancing the contrast in an ultrasound image. These agents are extremely small bubbles, or "microbubbles," comprised of specially selected gases. The microbubbles described herein exhibit long life spans in solution and may be produced at a size small enough to traverse the lungs, thus enabling improved ultrasound imaging of the cardiovascular system and other vital organs. Also disclosed herein is a method for selecting gases from which contrast agents may be produced. The method is based on calculations using inherent physical properties of gases and describes a means to associate the properties of a gas with the time for dissolution of a microbubble comprised of the gas.

Abstract: Ultrasound contrast media comprising gaseous perfluoropentane and gaseous perfluorohexane are disclosed.

Abstract: Nonaqueous thixotropic drug delivery vehicles for use in aqueous physiological systems are disclosed comprising a substantially homogeneous dispersion of at least one suspending aid in a nonaqueous perfluorocarbon or fluorinated silicone liquid carrier. Pharmaceutical compounds may be incorporated to provide thixotropic pharmaceutical compositions having improved delivery profiles and high drug localization. The thixotropic compositions act as free-flowing, drop-instillable liquids upon the application of stress yet behave as a visco-elastic material when at rest. Due to these thixotropic properties the pharmaceutical compositions have improved bioavailability, are capable of low dose volume delivery, and do not degrade the incorporated therapeutic or diagnostic compounds making them well suited for multidose packaging and administration.

Abstract: A treatment agent for ophthalmology comprising a liquid perfluorinated compound (modified perfluorcarbon) of one of the types: ##STR1##

Abstract: Disclosed herein are agents for enhancing the contrast in an ultrasound image. These agents are extremely small bubbles, or "microbubbles," comprised of specially selected gases. The microbubbles described herein exhibit long life spans in solution and may be produced at a size small enough to traverse the lungs, thus enabling improved ultrasound imaging of the cardiovascular system and other vital organs. Also disclosed herein is a method for selecting gases from which contrast agents may be produced. The method is based on calculations using inherent physical properties of gases and describes a means to associate the properties of a gas with the time for dissolution of microbubbles comprised of the gas.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are agents for enhancing the contrast in an ultrasound image. These agents are extremely small bubbles, or "microbubbles," comprised of specially selected gases. The microbubbles described herein exhibit long life spans in solution and may be produced at a size small enough to traverse the lungs, thus enabling improved ultrasound imaging of the cardiovascular system and other vital organs. Also disclosed herein is a method for selecting gases from which contrast agents may be produced. The method is based on calculations using inherent physical properties of gases and describes a means to associate the properties of a gas with the time for dissolution of a microbubble comprised of the gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to composition and methods for enhancing and/or controlling epidermal, dermal and transdermal penetration of topically applied pharmacologically active agents by use of dibutyl adipate, or a mixture of dibutyl adipate and isopropyl myristate.

Abstract: This invention relates to certain novel di- and tetra-fluoro analogs of squalene and to their methods of use in lowering plasma cholesterol and in inhibiting squalene epoxidase in patients in need thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to certain novel di- and tetra-fluoro analogs of squalene and to their methods of use in lowering plasma cholesterol and in inhibiting squalene epoxidase in patients in need thereof.

Abstract: Nematodes and insects are controlled by application of vinyl fluorides of the formula ##STR1## where R is CH.sub.2 X--, CHX.sub.2 --, CX.sub.3 --, XCH.dbd.CH--, CH.sub.2 .dbd.CX-- or straight chain alkyl(C.sub.2 -C.sub.8);R.sup.1 is hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, CH.sub.2 Z--, CHZ.sub.2 -- or CZ.sub.3 --;R.sup.2, X and Z independently are hydrogen, fluoro, chloro or bromo; Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3, and Y.sup.4 independently are CH.sub.3 or any value of R.sup.2, X and Z; a is 0-12; n is 7-13; and n is greater than a.Particular species controlled are the root-knot, stunt, lesion, cyst and free-living nematodes, and the southern corn rootworm. The vinyl fluorides also have anthelmintic utility.

Abstract: Nematodes and insects are controlled by application of vinyl fluorides of the formula ##STR1## where R is CH.sub.2 X--, CHX.sub.2 --, CX.sub.3 --, XCH.dbd.CH--, CH.sub.2 .dbd.CX-- or straight chain alkyl(C.sub.2 -C.sub.8);R.sup.1 is hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, CH.sub.2 Z--, CHZ.sub.2 -- or CZ.sub.3 --;R.sup.2, X and Z independently are hydrogen, fluoro, chloro or bromo; Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3, and Y.sup.4 independently are CH.sub.3 or any value of R.sup.2, X and Z; a is 0-12; n is 7-13; and n is greater than a.Particular species controlled are the root-knot, stunt, lesion, cyst and free-living nematodes, and the southern corn rootworm. The vinyl fluorides also have anthelmintic utility.

Abstract: Compositions capable of the sustained release of active organic agents are made from an aqueous dispersion of a water-insoluble cellulose ether which cellulose ether particles have reversibly diffused therein the active agent. The dispersions may be used as dispersions, dewatered to form a powder, or coalesced to form films or other articles all of which are capable of sustained release of the active agent.

Abstract: A method of combating arthropods and nematodes which comprises applying thereto, to a habitat thereof or to an area from which they are to be excluded an arthropodicidally or nematocidally effective amount of at least one long-chain halogenoolefine of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical with 8 to 25 carbon atoms in the straight chain, the alkyl radical optionally being interrupted once or several times by a --C.tbd.C-- and/or ##STR2## in which Z and Z.sup.1 are identical or different and represent hydrogen or methyl andR.sup.1 represents hydrogen, alkyl or halogen.Those compounds are new wherein R has at least 12 carbon atoms in the straight chain.

Abstract: A storage stable, water emulsifiable, substantially non-aqueous liquid or low melting solid concentrate adapted for on-site preparation of an aqueous emulsion of an agricultural chemical, consisting essentially of a solution, in(a) a liquid hydrophobic agricultural chemical having biocidal activity, of(b) a solid hydrophobic polymer, in an amount effective to achieve sustained release of (a), and(c) an emulsifying agent, in an amount effective to form a stable oil-in-water emulsion when the concentrate is mixed with water.

Abstract: A compound of formula: ##STR1## wherein W represents one or more substituents selected from halo, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl and haloalkoxy or W represents a bidentate group linking adjacent carbon atoms selected from alkylene and alkylenedioxy; Y is a group of formula ##STR2## wherein X is a group of formula --(CF.sub.2).sub.n R.sup.3, where R.sup.3 is selected from hydrogen, chloro and fluoro, and n is one or two, R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, chloro, fluoro and hydroxy and R.sup.2 is selected from methyl, cyano, ethynyl and hydrogen; Q is selected from carbon bearing a hydrogen atom and nitrogen; and Z represents one or more substituents selected from fluoro, benzyl, phenoxy, chlorophenoxy, fluorophenoxy and bromophenoxy, or any isomer thereof. Processes for preparing these compounds and intermediates for use therein, insecticidal compositions containing these compounds and the use thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: Solutions of microbiocides in cosolvents having alkanol moieties and concentrate compositions of carriers, microbiocides and cosolvents having alkanol moieties are stabilized against UV-catalyzed oxidation by the addition of phenolic antioxidants. The solutions or concentrate compositions are added to polymeric resins and formed, e.g., by fusion, into polymer compositions exhibiting microbiocidal properties.