Abstract: Optically active antiviral compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; n and q are selected from the group of 0 and 1, provided that n and q may not both be zero; and R, R.sub.1, and R.sub.2 are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur, provided that all R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, may not be oxygen, and further provided that all R, R.sub.1, and R.sub.2 may not be sulfur. The compounds possess increased antiviral activity and/or metabolic stability.

Abstract: Substances comprising disaccharides and substances comprising carboxylated and/or sulfated oligosaccharides in substantially purified form, and methods of using same, are disclosed for the regulation of cytokine activity in a host. For instance, the secretion of active Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-.alpha.) can be either inhibited or augmented selectively by administration to the host of an effective amount of a substance of the invention. Thus, the present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions and their use for the prevention and/or treatment of pathological processes involving the induction of active cytokine secretion, such as TNF-.alpha.. The invention also relates to the initiation of a desirable immune system-related response by the host to the presence of activators, including pathogens. The substances and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered daily, at very low effective doses, typically below 0.

Abstract: A method for suppressing autoimmune response in an afflicted joint in a human. The method involves oral administration of between about 5 and 25 .mu.g per day of type II collagen.

Abstract: A method, and compositions for use therein capable, of delivering a bioactive agent to an animal entailing the steps of encapsulating effective amounts of the agent in a biocompatible excipient to form microcapsules having a size less than approximately ten micrometers and administering effective amounts of the microcapsules to the animal. A pulsatile response is obtained, as well as mucosal and systemic immunity.

Abstract: A novel mammalian cytokine, IL-11, and processes for producing it are disclosed. IL-11 may be used in pharmaceutical preparations for stimulating and/or enhancing cells involved in the immune response and cells involved in the proper functioning of the hematopoietic system.

Abstract: Prophylaxis against viral infections, as well as treatment for individuals infected with a virus, can be achieved through the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Exemplary of the viral infections that are amenable to the use of HCG in this regard include those caused by HIV-1, Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus, molluscipoxvirus and cytomegalovirus. In addition, HCG can be used as a neonatal immune booster via administration to a baby at delivery and, optionally, for the first several months of life, until the infantile immune system matures, in order to prevent HIV transmission and control any low-level viremia, as well as to protect against various other viruses, such as herpes viruses and oncogenic viruses.

Abstract: There is provided novel pharmaceutical compositions containing tyloxapol as the active ingredient. These formulations comprise tyloxapol at concentrations above 0.125%, preferably from about 0.25% to about 5.0%. In addition, the invention encompasses pharmaceutical compositions having reduced hypertonicity which compositions comprise tyloxapol in pharmaceutically acceptable solutions without significant concentrations of hypertonic agents or other active ingredients NaHCO.sub.3, or active phospholipids, such as DPPC. The less hypertonic formulations allow one to derive all the benefits of the active ingredient tyloxapol, such as its reduced toxicity and enhanced half-life, while avoiding or reducing side effects, such as bronchospasms, associated with the various hypertonic agents or other active ingredient agents.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of use for treating hepatitis C virus-infected mammals are disclosed. The compositions include one or more thymosins alone or in combination with one or more interferons. Methods of treatment include use of thymosins alone, or together, or sequentially with interferon.

Abstract: A method for producing soluble preparations of neutral glucan polymers is disclosed. The method involves treating whole glucan particles with a unique sequence of acid and alkaline treatments to produce soluble glucan. The soluble glucan can be purified to obtain a physiologically acceptable solution of neutral glucan molecules. A soluble neutral glucan preparation is obtained which forms a clear solution at a neutral pH and is equilibrated in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: Chemical compositions for the treatment of bovine mastitis which compositions are combinations of four components i.e.; Echinechea Goldenseal Supreme; Wild Ginseng Supreme; gelsemium, pokeroot, and aconite; and aloe vera juice, which form a dose which is injected into the mastitis affected portion of a cow's udder for a minimum of two doses per day for at least three days, which results in a cure for the mastitis.

Abstract: Disclosed are lipid A analogs useful for the treatment of septic shock and LPS-mediated activation of viral infection.

Abstract: A composition for use in immunosuppression therapy is disclosed. The composition includes an immunosuppressant drug, such as cyclosporin A, and an ethanol extract of the root xylem of Tripterygium wilfordii. The extract is effective alone, or in combination with such an immunosuppressant, in the treatment of transplantation rejection. Also disclosed is a method of immunosuppression that includes administering to a subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of an immunosuppressant drug and an extract of the type above, in an amount effective to potentiate the action of the drug.

Abstract: A composition and a pharmaceutical composition of lithium gamma linolenate and an anti-viral or antibiotic. A method of treating acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with lithium gamma linolenate and zidovudine. And a method of decreasing the toxicity of an anti-viral or antibiotic including a step of administering a toxicity reducing effective amount of a composition of a lithium salt with an anti-viral or antibiotic.

Abstract: This invention provides an immunoenhancement or immune-potentiation therapy comprising administration of potassium, insulin, glucose and, optionally, thyroid, a cholinergic agent and bicarbonate. Therapeutic compositions comprising the above components in appropriate dosages are also provided.

Abstract: This invention provides medical uses of a M-CSF, particularly a method and composition for treating inflammatory disease and allergy using natural M-CSF or recombinant M-CSF or the derivatives thereof.

Abstract: Triterpenoid acid derivatives are described that exhibit dual pharmacophobic activities, specifically selectin ligand and leukotriene biosynthetic inhibitory activities, and that thus have significant applications for the treatment or prevention of certain diseases including cancer and diseases associated with the inflammatory process as well as applications for the diagnosis of disease.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vaccine which comprises an antigen and an immune response augmenting agent. The immune response augmenting agent is capable of enhancing T cell lymphokine production. Suitable immune response augmenting agents include, but are not limited to, DHEA, DHEA-derivatives and DHEA congeners.The invention also relates to a method for enhancing a vaccine-induced humoral immune response which comprises administering a vaccine which comprises an antigen and an immunomodulator. The immunomodulator may be an immune response augmenting agent, a lymphoid organ modifying agent or a mixture of the immune response augmenting agent and lymphoid organ modifying agent. Suitable lymphoid organ modifying agents include, but are not limited to, 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D.sub.3, 25-hydroxy Vitamin D.sub.3, biologically active 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D.sub.3, derivatives which are capable of activating the intra-cellular Vitamin D.sub.

Abstract: A colony stimulating factor, CSF-1, is a lymphokine useful in treating or preventing bacterial, viral or fungal infections, neoplasms, leukopenia, wounds, and in overcoming the immunosuppression induced by chemotherapy or resulting from other causes. CSF-1 is obtained in usable amounts by recombinant methods, including cloning and expression of the murine and human DNA sequences encoding this protein.

Abstract: It has been found that by administering secoisolariciresinol ?2,3-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diol! from flaxseed in substantially pure form to a human or non-human animal, lupus nephritis can be controlled. The secoisolariciresinol (Seco) may be used per se or in the form of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). Both compounds may be extracted from flaxseed and the SDG converts to Seco in the gut of a human or animal.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of suppressing inflammatory responses, inducing tolerance to an antigen, and suppressing cell adhesion, e.g., involved in metastasis, by the administration of lectin derived carbohydrate binding peptides or derivatives thereof, in particular, peptides capable of binding terminally linked .alpha.-sialic acid(2.fwdarw.6).beta.Gal- and/or .alpha.-sialic acid(2.fwdarw.3).beta.Gal-groups on structures or molecules comprising such groups. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such lectin derived carbohydrate binding peptides or derivatives thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: Improved oral cyclosporin formulations which have high bioavailability and are capable of administration in hard capsules, are provided. In the subject formulations, cyclosporin is delivered in an orally acceptable vehicle comprising at least one alkanol of from 2 to 3 carbon atoms in combination with at least one non-ionic surfactant and an ester of an alcohol and a fatty acid having a hydrocarbon chain of from 14 to 18 carbon atoms. The subject formulations find use in immunosuppressive therapy.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds, compositions and methods for inhibiting interleukin-1.beta. protease activity, the compounds having the formula A described herein.

Abstract: The pleiotropic effects of TNF alfa in a wide variety of mammalian cell types is decreased and treated by administering glucosaminylmuramyl peptides with D-amino acid residue in a second or third position from the proximal end. New methods for nonspecific oral, vaginal, and topic inhibition is proposed. Inhibition of cytotoxicity of TNF alfa is also achieved.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of cell mediated autoimmune disease is disclosed. The method involves administering interleukin-9 in an effective amount to the subject. Among the conditions treatable are thyroiditis and autoimmune diabetes.

Abstract: A method and device for organizing, storing, instructing, and coordinating the combined use of aerosol and oral medications for the treatment of disorders including respiratory tract disorders for the purpose of reducing medication error and increasing therapeutic compliance.

Abstract: The oral delivery of many classes of drugs is facilitated by converting drugs having suitable functional groups to 1-O-alkyl-, 1-O-acyl-, 1-S-acyl, and 1-S-alkyl-sn- glycero-3-phosphate derivatives. The method confers the ability to be absorbed through the digestive tract to drugs that are not orally bioavailable in the non-derivatized state, and enhances the effectiveness of drugs that are poorly absorbed or rapidly eliminated. The method provides orally bioavailable lipid prodrugs of pharmaceutical compounds having diverse physiological activities, including anticancer and antiviral agents, anti-inflammatory agents, antihypertensives and antibiotics. Potency of the lipid prodrugs is comparable to that of the corresponding non-derivatized drugs.

Abstract: This invention provides a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of purified human interleukin-2 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a glucose-rich, mannose-containing oligosaccharide described herein has a molecular weight of approximately 1,000-5,000 daltons and is separated from interfering aloe components. The oligosaccharide inhibits loss of skin immunocompetency which is induced by ultraviolet irradiation. The oligosaccharide is obtained by cellulase cleavage of a precursor block polysaccharide of Aloe (FIG. 1) and has about 75% glucose, about 25% mannose and trace galactose. The precursor polysaccharide has a molecular weight of >2,000,000 daltons, is about 73% hexose with a total hexose to reducing sugar ratio of about 23:1. This polysaccharide is about 7% glucose, about 85% mannose and about 4% galactose. Also described is a method for obtaining an immunoprotective oligosaccharide by treating an Aloe extract with cellulase at a concentration of less than about 2 grams per 215 liters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating various diseases and conditions which are dependent on cyclic nucleotide pathways with purified stem bromelain protease. Administration of isolated and purified stem bromelain protease is effective in the treatment of diseases and conditions including inflammation, atherosclerosis, cancer, and bacterial infections.

Abstract: Depending on the antigen encapsulated, liposomal formulations are subject to instability in the presence of alum. Formulations containing a nonionic detergent as a stabilizing agent avoid this instability.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel class of polyethylene glycol modified ceramide lipids. The lipids can be used to form liposomes optionally containing various biological agents or drugs, such as anti-cancer agents. In addition, methods of use for the liposomes are provided.

Abstract: A method, and compositions for use therein capable, of delivering a bioactive agent to an animal entailing the steps of encapsulating effective amounts of the agent in a. biocompatible excipient to form microcapsules having a size less than approximately ten micrometers and administering effective amounts of the microcapsules to the animal. A pulsatile response is obtained, as well as mucosal and systemic immunity.

Abstract: Methods of preventing tissue damage associated with decreased blood flow in a human by administering AICA riboside or a prodrug thereof in an amount which provides a blood plasma concentration of between 1 .mu.g/ml and 20 .mu.g/ml of AICA riboside for a time sufficient to reduce the risk of said tissue damage in said human. Methods of preventing an adverse clinical outcome, such as an adverse cardiovascular and/or cerebrovascular event, in a patient at risk for such outcome by administering AICA riboside or a prodrug thereof in an amount which provides a blood plasma concentration of between 1 .mu.g/ml and 20 .mu.g/ml of AICA riboside for a time sufficient to reduce the risk for said patient.

Abstract: A liposome preparation containing an immunosuppresive tricylic compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Since the tricyclic compound is entrapped stably and quantitatively into the liposomes, a broad variety of drug forms and pharmaceutical preparations insuring a long duration of efficacy can be provided.

Abstract: Proteins, peptides, analogs thereof and antibodies thereto which will inhibit the adhesion of circulating molecules such as leukocytes to endothelia and epithelia.

Abstract: A method, and compositions for use therein capable, of delivering a bioactive agent to an animal entailing the steps of encapsulating effective amounts of the agent in a biocompatible excipient to form microcapsules having a size less than approximately ten micrometers and administering effective amounts of the microcapsules to the animal. A pulsatile response is obtained, as well as mucosal and systemic immunity.

Abstract: T cell activation in response to antigen is increased by the administration of binding agents that block CTLA-4 signaling. When CTLA-4 signaling is thus blocked, the T cell response to antigen is released from inhibition. Such an enhanced response is useful for the treatment of tumors, chronic viral infections, and as an adjuvant during immunization.

Abstract: A method, and compositions for use therein capable, of delivering a bioactive agent to an animal entailing the steps of encapsulating effective amounts of the agent in a biocompatible excipient to form microcapsules having a size less than approximately ten micrometers and administering effective amounts of the microcapsules to the animal. A pulsatile response is obtained, as well as mucosal and systemic immunity.

Abstract: Multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis can be treated effectively using photodynamic therapy. In this protocol, a photoactive compound is administered, allowed to distribute in the effected subject, and the subject is then irradiated to activate the photoactive compound. Alternatively, the blood of a subject to be treated can be subjected to PDT extracorporeally. In the case of rheumatoid arthritis, localized treatment at the joints may also be employed.

Abstract: Methods for enhancing the immune response to vaccination in animals, including humans, comprise administering interleukin-2 (IL-2) as part of the vaccination regimen, preferably for 5 to 14 days post-vaccination. In addition, compositions for enhancing the immune response of an animal to a vaccine employ IL-2 as an active ingredient, preferably human IL-2.

Abstract: Solution administrable by intravascular injection in a human or an animal which comprises an effective amount up to 0.23% by weight of a benzalkonium fluoride having the formula: ##STR1## where R is an alkyl radical which may vary between C.sub.8 H.sub.17 and C.sub.18 H.sub.37, dissolved in an excipient injectable intravascularly. Preferably R is between C.sub.12 H.sub.25 and C.sub.14 H.sub.29, and more preferably C.sub.14 H.sub.29. The solution can be packaged in 10 ml ampoules, containing about 21 mg of benzalkonium fluoride, the benzalkonium fluoride being dissolved in a physiological solvent. The solution also contains at least one metallic derivative of fluorine, preferably lithium fluoride.

Abstract: A method for purifying CSF protein is described. The method comprises: precipitating the protein with ammonium sulfate at 80% saturation to form a pellet containing the CSF protein; resuspending the pellet in a buffered solution at a pH in the range of about 6 to about 8; applying the buffered solution containing CSF to a chromatographic columns eluting with the buffered solution containing sodium chloride and collecting the fractions having CSF activity; pooling the active fractions, applying them to a C4 reverse phase column and eluting with a 0 to 90% acetonitrile gradient to collect the active fractions. The purified CSF protein has a specific activity of at least about 1.times.10.sup.7 units per mg of protein and preferably at least about 4.times.10.sup.7 units per mg of protein when assayed using the human bone marrow assay.

Abstract: There is disclosed a pharmaceutical composition comprising 1-(5-oxohexyl)-3-methylxanthine in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is useful for treating an immune disorder. There is also disclosed a method to modulate the response of a target cell to a stimulus, which method comprises contacting said cell with an amount of 1-(5-oxohexyl)-3-methylxanthine or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, wherein said amount effects a diminution in elevated levels of unsaturated, non-arachidonate phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) derived from said PA in said cells wherein said elevated levels are stimulated by an agent capable of elevating levels of said PA and said DAG, said diminution being equal to or greater than the diminution effected by treating said cells with pentoxifylline (PTX) at a concentration of 0.5 mmol, thereby modulating the response of said target cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel chemokine-like proteins that include two or more newly discovered active domains from different chemokines. Active domains are regions of several contiguous amino acids that are necessary for chemokines' ability to suppress the proliferation of actively dividing myeloid cells, e.g., myeloid progenitor cells, myeloid stem cells, and leukemic cells. The new chemokine-like proteins provide higher myelosuppressive activity than naturally occurring, wild-type chemokines.

Abstract: The invention provides novel uses for n-glycolylated gangliosides, or derivatives and/or oligosaccharides thereof. The invention further provides methods of obtaining such gangliosides, as well as vaccine compositions comprising said gangliosides. The gangliosides may be coupled to carriers and may be accompanied by adjuvants. The vaccine compositions can be used in the treatment of breast cancers, whereby the gangliosides are used to elicit an immune response to corresponding gangliosides on breast tumour cells.

Abstract: A soluble protein having IL4 and/or IL13 antagonist or partial antagonist activity comprises an IL4 mutant or variant fused to least one human immunoglobulin constant domain or fragment thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to analogs of thymic humoral factor .gamma.2 (THF-.gamma.2) having at least 4 amino acid residues and corresponding to the sequence of THF-.gamma.2 of the formula I:Leu-Glu-Asp-Gly-Pro-Lys-Phe-Leu Ibut differing therefrom by addition, deletion or substitution of one or more amino acid residues, or by cyclization, or by linkage of two or more sequences (I) or modified sequences (I) either directly or through a peptidic or non-peptidic chain.The THF-.gamma.2 analogs of the invention and the functional derivatives and salts thereof are for use as immunomodulatory in pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: In the present invention, pharmaceutical compositions containing a histamine-added gamma-globulin as an effective component are used as an immunomodulating agent, a suppressive agent for eosinophilia, and as an antiinflammatory agent. The immunomodulating action is unexpectedly different from the action of conventional immunosuppressive agents. Accordingly, the compositions are useful as a pharmaceutical agent for the therapy of diseases associated with an abnormal immune system such as chronic articular rheumatism, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, etc. and various types of immunodeficiency syndromes. In addition, the pharmaceutical compositions exhibit suppressive action upon hypereosinophilicity. They may be used as a therapeutic agent for infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, respiratory diseases, autoimmune diseases and eosinophilia caused by malignant tumors. The compositions are excellent antiinflammatory agents.

Abstract: Variously pure ribosomal fractions separated from at least one nonphotosynthetic filamentous bacterium are well suited for formulation into a variety of cosmetic/pharmaceutical compositions, for example for the immunostimulation of the immune system of the skin.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to products containing G-CSF and a TNF binding protein and compositions of G-CSF and TNF-BP, and methods of treating and/or preventing septic shock by administering the products and compositions of the invention.