Abstract: The present invention provides a novel dithiocarbamamte disulfide dimer useful in various therapeutic treatments, either alone or in combination with other active agents. In one method, the disulfide derivative of a dithiocarbamate is coadministered with an agent that inactivates (or inhibits the production of) species that induce the expression of nitric oxide synthase to reduce the production of such species, while, at the same time reducing nitric oxide levels in the subject. In another embodiment, free iron ion levels are reduced in a subject by administration of a disulfide derivative of a dithiocarbamate(s) to scavenge free iron ions, for example, in subjects undergoing anthracycline chemotherapy. In another embodiment, cyanide levels are reduced in a subject by administration of a disulfide derivative of a dithiocarbamate so as to bind cyanide in the subject. In a further aspect, the present invention relates to compositions and formulations useful in such therapeutic methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions and methods for preventing, treating, or managing sleeplessness, restlessness, weight gain including weight gain due to stress or lack of sleep, or all three comprising the administration of a prophylactically and therapeutically effective amount of Magnoliaceae plant or extracts thereof to a mammal in need of such therapy. Preferably the mammal is human and the compositions have comprise at least two compounds selected from magnolol, honokiol, and magnoflorine. Alternatively, the compositions may also comprise about 2% honokiol by weight of the composition.

Abstract: The invention features a method for treating obesity in a patient by administering to the patient a polymer that has been substituted with one or more groups that inhibit lipases, which are enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of fat. The invention further relates to the polymers employed in the methods described herein as well as novel intermediates and methods for preparing the polymers.

Abstract: A method of weight reduction in human beings, wherein a human ingests a laxative effective dosage of non-pathogenic Escherichia coli to produce a weight loss of up to two pounds within one week.

Abstract: The invention features a method for treating obesity in a patient by administering to the patient a polymer that has been substituted with one or more groups that inhibit lipases, which are enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of fat. The invention further relates to the polymers employed in the methods described herein as well as novel intermediates and methods for preparing the polymers.

Abstract: The use of (+)-sibutramine in the treatment of depression, obesity, Parkinson's disease, cerebral function disorders and diabetes is described.

Abstract: The comprehensive pharmacologic therapy for treatment of obesity is a procedure which involves the administration of a desired therapeutic range of Diethylpropion and/or Phentermine in combination with a SSRI medication and nutritional supplementation for brief and long durations which may be 12 months or more. The preferred procedure involves the administration of drugs in combination which are identified as: Citalopram (Celexa) and Phentermine; Citalopram (Celexa) and Diethylpropion; Citalopram (Celexa), Phentermine, and Diethylpropion. In addition nutritional supplementation such as a multivitamin, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, vitamin B6, vitamin C, Tyrosine, Calcium, and Lysine may be used to enhance the performance of the weight loss treatment program.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the development of pharmaceutical compositions which provide for sustained release of biologically active polypeptides. More specifically, the invention relates to the use of thermosensitive, biodegradable hydrogels, consisting of a block copolymer of poly(d,l- or l-lactic acid)(PLA) or poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), for the sustained delivery of biologically active agents, such as leptin.

Abstract: A nutritional supplement for use in managing carbohydrates and enhancing anabolism in mammals is described. The nutritional supplement contains regulated amounts of niacin, chromium, and vanadium, and optionally thiamin, riboflavin, magnesium, and zinc. These vitamins and minerals mimic and/or enhance the physiological effects of insulin in the body. A method of using the composition is also described.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for prophylactically and chronically preventing symptomatic depression, neuronal cell injury and cell death in systemic and neurological conditions, populations with cerebrovascular risk factors, and invasive vascular procedures, employing a glycine-site antagonist at the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) complex e.g., 2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamate (felbamate).

Abstract: A method whereby in an individual showing evidence of dysregulation of elements of the Polymorphic Metabolic Dysfunction (PMD), which is defined as the dysregulation of the metabolism of insulin, glucocorticoids, leptin, resistin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor &ggr; (PPAR&ggr;), this regulation is improved when that person receives an appropriate administration of (−)-hydroxycitric acid. The potassium salt of (−)-hydroxycitric acid is a preferred form of the compound, followed by the sodium salt, then by the amide and other salt forms and derivatives of the acid. The regulation of Polymorphic Metabolic Dysfunction over any given period of time may be improved with a controlled release form of (−)-hydroxycitric acid. Controlled release can be used to provide a sustained and modulated amount of the active to the body as desired and therefore to regulate the use of the compound as Polymorphic Metabolic Dysfunction regulative agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of polycyclic 2-aminothiazole systems and their physiologically tolerated salts and physiologically functional derivatives for the treatment of obesity. The treatment involves administration of a compound of formula I, in which the radicals have the stated meanings, and of their physiologically tolerated salts and physiologically functional derivatives.

Abstract: A balanced composition of complex carbohydrate, protein, simple sugars, and lipids in the weight proportion of 3:2:1:1 substantially reduces appetite, even though the caloric composition is very low (about 240 cal per serving). This composition substantially facilitates weight loss, and increases exercise tolerance. It is designed for oral administration.

Abstract: There is disclosed a liquid pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutic agent which comprises: one or more thyroid hormone or hormones; from about 40% to about 96% ethanol by volume; a pH adjusting agent so that the measured pH of the composition is from about 9 to about 12; and from about 4% to about 50% water by volume; which has utility in the treatment of disorders associated with an impairment of the thyroid hormone function in animals including human beings. The liquid composition may be delivered by a metered dosage delivery system such as an aerosol or pump-action spray.

Abstract: The dietetic food concentrate is a pourable powder containing soy protein, honey and at least 50% by weight of albumin so that it is easily digestible. It is made by mixing ⅓ to 6 percent by weight of lecithin with a protein-containing starting material to obtain an intermediate mixture, which is then mixed with 25 to 30 percent by weight of honey to obtain the product. The food concentrate powder contains 30 to 50 percent by weight soy isolate and an animal-protein-containing material, preferably a milk powder. During mixing in of the honey the temperature is preferably kept below 40° C. to avoid denaturing proteins. A method of treating a diabetic to reduce blood sugar level includes daily administration of an effective amount of the food concentrate powder. The product is also useful for reducing fat tissue and for treating amino acid deficiency illnesses.

Abstract: Compositions containing compounds with adrenergic activity and an extract of Crataegus standardized in flavonoids, combined with an extract of Gingko biloba standardized in flavonglucosides in appropriate weight ratios are suitable for pharmaceutical administration or as food supplements for the treatment of weight loss and obesity in humans. The formulations are appropriate for the administration of the active ingredients in a form that increases patient compliance and the efficacy of the therapeutic or dietary intervention, but reduces the untoward effects of the compounds with adrenergic activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel heteroethynylenic compounds having the general formula (I): as well as to the use of these compounds in pharmaceutical compositions intended for use in human or veterinary medicine (dermatological, rheumatic, respiratory, cardiovascular and ophthalmological complaints in particular), or alternatively in cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sustained-release formulations using biodegradable alginate delayed gels or particles and methods thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the control of body weight of animals including mammals and humans, and more particularly to materials identified herein as modulators of body weight, and to diagnostic and therapeutic uses of such modulators. In its broadest aspect, the present invention relates to nucleotide sequences corresponding to the murine and human OB gene, and two isoforms thereof, and proteins expressed by such nucleotides or degenerate variations thereof, that demonstrate the ability to participate in the control of mammalian body weight and that have been postulated to play a critical role in the regulation of body weight and adiposity. The present invention further provides nucleic acid molecules for use as molecular probes or as primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. In further aspects, the present invention provides cloning vectors and mammalian expression vectors comprising the nucleic acid molecules of the invention.

Abstract: Supplement compositions designed to support weight loss and increase energy.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the chemical modification of biologically active agents. More, specifically, the invention relates to a novel approach to engineer, through mutagenesis and site-directed chemical conjugation, specific, well-defined dualPEGylated-protein bioconjugates, consisting of two polyethylene glycol (PEG) macromolecules chemically conjugated to the protein at two specifically defined amino acid residues. The described dualPEGylated-protein bioconjugates show substantially improved bioefficacy and biocompatibility.

Abstract: The comprehensive pharmacologic therapy for treatment of obesity is a procedure which involves the administration of a desired therapeutic range of Diethylpropion and/or Phentermine in combination with a SSRI medication and nutritional supplementation for brief and long durations which may be 12 months or more. The preferred procedure involves the administration of drugs in combination which are identified as: Citalopram (Celexa) and Phentermine; Citalopram (Celexa) and Diethylpropion; Citalopram (Celexa), Phentermine, and Diethylpropion. In addition nutritional supplementation such as a multivitamin, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, vitamin B6, vitamin C, Tyrosine, Calcium, and Lysine may be used to enhance the performance of the weight loss treatment program.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for balancing body weight by inhibiting re-uptake of serotonin, regulating metabolism, potentiating insulin, and inhibiting lipogenesis, in a mammal. The compositions comprise chromium, fat-free cocoa powder, Hypericum perforatum extract, Garcinia cambogia extract, Ginkgo biloba extract, Panax ginseng extract, and quercetin.

Abstract: The comprehensive pharmacologic therapy for treatment of obesity is a procedure which involves the administration of a desired therapeutic range of Diethylpropion and/or Phentermine in combination with a SSRI medication and nutritional supplementation for brief and long durations which may be 12 months or more. The preferred procedure involves the administration of drugs in combination which are identified as: Citalopram (Celexa) and Phentermine; Citalopram (Celexa) and Diethylpropion; Citalopram (Celexa), Phentermine, and Diethylpropion. In addition nutritional supplementation such as a multivitamin, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, vitamin B6, vitamin C, Tyrosine, Calcium, and Lysine may be used to enhance the performance of the weight loss treatment program.

Abstract: The subject invention provides methods of inducing the loss of adipose tissue by providing a diet high in calcium. In one aspect of the invention, the calcium is provided in the form of dairy products. In yet another aspect of the invention, calcium is provided in the form of a dietary supplement, such as calcium carbonate, of vitamin supplements. Methods of suppressing [Ca2+]i levels in individuals are also provided. The subject invention also provides methods of stimulating lipolysis, inhibiting lipogenesis, and increasing the expression of white adipose tissue uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). The subject invention also provides methods of increasing the core temperature of an individual.

Abstract: A compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in which R1 and R2 are independently H or methyl (for example N,N-dimethyl-1-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclobutyl]-3-methylbutyl amine hydrochloride optionally in the form of its monohydrate) is used for treating eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, weight-gain after smoking cessation, snacking or binge eating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of creatine compounds for treating or preventing a metabolic disorder related to body weight control such as obesity, and it's associated diseases in a patient experiencing said disorder. The creatine compounds which can be used in the present method include (1) analogues of creatine which can act as substrates or substrate analogues for the enzyme creatine kinase; (2) compounds which can act as inhibitors of creatine kinase; (3) compounds which can modulate the creatine transporter (4) N-phosphocreatine analogues bearing transferable or non-transferable moieties which mimic the N-phosphoryl group. (5) compounds which modify the association of creatine kinase with other cellular components.

Abstract: Dietary compositions and methods employ a mammal food base and a component comprising estrogen, androgen or a mixture thereof in an amount sufficient to reduce weight gain normally incurred in the mammal type subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or post menopause. Preferably, the component comprises phytoestrogen, phytoandrogen or a mixture thereof. The compositions are adapted for administration to the mammal on a regular, preferably daily, basis.

Abstract: The invention features a method for treating obesity in a patient by administering to the patient a polymer that has been substituted with one or more groups that inhibit lipases, which are enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of fat. The invention further relates to the polymers employed in the methods described herein as well as novel intermediates and methods for preparing the polymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the control of body weight of animals including mammals and humans, and more particularly to materials identified herein as modulators of body weight, and to diagnostic and therapeutic uses of such modulators. In one of its broadest aspects, the present invention relates to nucleotide sequences corresponding to the murine and human OB gene, and two isoforms thereof, and proteins expressed by such nucleotides or degenerate variations thereof, that demonstrate the ability to participate in the control of mammalian body weight and that have been postulated to play a critical role in the regulation of body weight and adiposity. The present invention further provides nucleic acid molecules for use as molecular probes or as primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. In further aspects, the present invention provides cloning vectors and mammalian expression vectors comprising the nucleic acid molecules of the invention.

Abstract: A method for obtaining an oil that is rich in hydroxyoctadecadienoic(HODE) fatty acids or the esters thereof. According to the inventive method, controlled oxidation of the linoleic acid and/or the linolenic acid or the esters thereof is performed in the presence of an oxidation catalyst. The oxidation is terminated when the HODE content or total ester content is more than 5 % and/or the 9-hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic(9-HODE) acid isomer or ester content is more than 1.5 % and reduction occurs for the hydroperoxides formed during the oxidation reaction by a reducer. The invention can be used as a medicament, food supplement or cosmetic.

Abstract: A substance with antiobese and visceral fat pad reducing functions which is derived from natural crude lipids and artificially separated therefrom and has the effect of specifically accelerating the uncoupling respiration (proton leak) of thermogenic tissue cells such as brown adipose (BA) cells of mammals including human beings, agents for medical treatment containing the above substance as the active ingredient, compositions containing the same, foods containing the above substance as the active ingredient, and feeds containing the above substance as the active ingredient, having antiobese (inhibiting an increase of visceral fat pad) and visceral fat pad reducing actions, and the above substance thus obtained specifically accelerates the uncoupling respiration (proton leak) of brown adipose (BA) cells in thermogenic tissues such as brown adipose tissues (BAT), from among vital tissue cells of mammals including human being.

Abstract: Materials derived from Citrus plants can be administered orally to humans for the purpose of producing or maintaining weight loss as well as improving the person's physical performance and increasing the person's lean muscle mass. The Citrus materials include those portions of the plant that are normally considered waster or inedible, such as the leaves, peel and immature, unripe fruit. The materials contain as least one of the alkaloids from the group consisting of synephrine, hordenine, octopamine, tyramine and N-methylamine. Two species, Citrus aurantium and Citrus reticulata, are particularly useful. The materials can be administered in their natural form or as extracts, and can be administered in various ways including capsules and tablets. The Citrus materials may also be used as a tea. For weight loss and weight control, the materials can be administered concurrently with caloric restriction or in the absence of caloric restriction.

Abstract: A process is provided for reducing adiposity in an animal such as a companion animal by feeding the animal an effective amount of Vitamin A for a time sufficient to reduce adiposity in the animal. Preferably, the such effective amount comprises from about 50,000 IU to about 1,000,000 IU of Vitamin A per kilogram of diet. Such an effective amount provides sufficient Vitamin A to decrease accumulation of body fat, increase UCP1 levels, and decrease serum leptin levels in the animal.

Abstract: To provide a calorie reducing agent, a calorie reducing food/drink and a calorie reducing feed for animals manufactured from food which can be usually ingested. 1-Deoxynojirimycin or an analogue thereof is used as an effective ingredient for the calorie reducing agent.

Abstract: The invention is based on the discovery that substances which release ZAG proteins from lymphocytes also cause accelerated weight loss in humans. By administering an amount of the substance which is effective to cause the weight loss but is beneath an amount which causes side effects, a very desirable “dieter's aid” is provided. A dilute mixture of alfa interferon and gamma interferon in an aqueous medium is highly suitable for this purpose. It is administered at a much lower dosage than is generally employed for antibiotic purposes, thereby avoiding generally universal side effects. For periods of time extending at least for a few days, the weight loss composition of the invention causes weight loss at a greater weight than would be expected from fasting, at least for seriously overweight individuals.

Abstract: The invention features a method for treating obesity in a patient by administering to the patient a polymer that has been substituted with one or more groups that inhibit lipases, which are enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of fat. The invention further relates to the polymers employed in the methods described herein as well as novel intermediates and methods for preparing the polymers.

Abstract: A composition on basis of soybean ingredients contains (a) isolated soy protein, (b) soybean fibres, and optionally an additional protein source, a carbohydrate source, a fat source, flavouring agents, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, trace elements and other conventional additives, the amount of (a) being such that the protein content provides at least 15% of the total energy content of the composition, and (I) the weight ratio of (a) to (b) is at least 2 and (a) is at least 75 wt % of the total protein content, or (II) the ratio of (a) to (b) is at least 3. The composition is useful as partial or total diet for overweight or obese subjects and is furthermore useful for lowering the cholesterol level and the triglyceride level and for increasing the HDL/LDL-cholesterol ratio in serum.

Abstract: Materials derived from Citrus plants can be administered orally to humans for the purpose of producing or maintaining weight loss as well as for improving the person's physical performance and increasing the person's lean muscle mass. The Citrus materials include those portions of the plant that are normally considered waste or inedible, such as the leaves, peel, and immature, unripe fruit. The materials contain at least one of the alkaloids from the group consisting of synephrine, hordenine, octopamine, tyramine and N-methyltyramine (1). Two species, Citrus aurantium and Citrus reticulata, are particularly useful. The materials can be administered in their natural form or as extracts, and can be administered in various ways including capsules and tablets. The Citrus materials may also be used as a tea. For weight loss and weight control, the materials can be administered concurrently with caloric restriction or in the absence of caloric restriction.

Abstract: This invention describes methods of treating conditions associated with an excess of neuropeptide Y which comprises administering an analog of an obesity protein. This invention further describes methods of treating conditions associated with an excess of neuropeptide Y which coomprises administering an analog of an obesity protein in combination with a neuropeptide Y antagonist. This invention demonstrates that the obesity protein acts by reducing the production of neuropeptide Y by the hypothalamus.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a class of compounds which are capable of modulating processes mediated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-&ggr;). The identification of such compounds makes it possible to intervene in PPAR-&ggr; mediated pathways.

Abstract: Tubby 2 polypeptides and polynucleotides and methods for producing such polypeptides by recombinant techniques are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for utilizing Tubby 2 polypeptides and polynucleotides in the design of protocols for the treatment of diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis, among others, and diagnostic assays for such conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of an NK-1 receptor antagonist and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for the treatment or prevention of obesity.

Abstract: A method for treating or preventing type II diabetes mellitus comprising administering an effective amount of a gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor, such as, tetrahydrolipstatin.

Abstract: This invention relates to a weight control composition, preferably in the form of a capsule or tablet, comprising a mixture of guggul extract and at least one phosphate salt selected from calcium phosphate, potassium phosphate and sodium phosphate. The composition evidences synergistic activity in reducing body weight and percent body fat in mammals. The guggul extract/phosphate salt product also reduces plasma lipid levels and cholesterol in overweight hyperlipidaemic humans. The inventive composition may also contain at least one additional component selected from phosphatidylcholine, hydroxycitric acid and L-tyrosine.

Abstract: Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) antagonists of formula I: ##STR1## and their use in treating psychiatric disorders and neurological diseases, anxiety-related disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, supranuclear palsy and feeding disorders as well as treatment of immunological, cardiovascular or heart-related diseases and colonic hypersensitivity associated with psychopathological disturbance and stress in mammals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel dithiocarbamate disulfide dimer useful in various therapeutic treatments, either alone or in combination with other active agents. In one method, the disulfide derivative of a dithiocarbamate is coadministered with an agent that inactivates (or inhibits the production of) species that induce the expression of nitric oxide synthase to reduce the production of such species, while, at the same time reducing nitric oxide levels in the subject. In another embodiment, free iron ion levels are reduced in a subject by administration of a disulfide derivative of a dithiocarbamate(s) to scavenge free iron ions, for example, in subjects undergoing anthracycline chemotherapy. In another embodiment, cyanide levels are reduced in a subject by administration of a disulfide derivative of a dithiocarbamate so as to bind cyanide in the subject. In a further aspect, the present invention relates to compositions and formulations useful in such therapeutic methods.

Abstract: An herbal formulation is disclosed for treating and preventing non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and other sugar imbalances. The herbal formulation is added to the diet of a person suffering from NIDDM in a lectin mixture containing the herbal formulation. The herbal formulation lowers the blood glucose and insulin levels. Adding the herbal formulation to the diet of persons who are in high risk of suffering from NIDDM has a significant effect on lowering blood glucose and insulin levels. Repeated doses of the herbal formulation in a lectin mixture will bring the blood glucose and insulin levels into a desired range. The herbal formulation is made from plant extracts and is useful in the prevention and treatment of sugar imbalances.

Abstract: The present invention relates to phenylethanolamine compounds represented by general formula [I]: ##STR1## (where R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or halogen; R.sub.2 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxy substituted with one or two lower alkoxycarbonyl or carboxy groups, lower alkoxy substituted with lower alkylaminocarbonyl which may be substituted with lower alkoxy, lower alkoxy substituted with cyclic aminocarbonyl of 4 to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkoxycarbonyl or carboxy; R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkoxy or lower alkoxy substituted with one or two lower alkoxycarbonyl or carboxy groups; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 may be bonded to each other to form methylenedioxy substituted with carboxy or lower alkoxycarbonyl; and m and n are 0 or 1), and their pharmacologically acceptable salts, which have a potent .beta.3 adrenergic stimulating effect and high .beta.3 adrenergic receptor selectivity, as well as to processes for their production and intermediates in their production.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the control of body weight of animals including mammals and humans, and more particularly to materials identified herein as modulators of body weight, and to diagnostic and therapeutic uses of such modulators. In its broadest aspect, the present invention relates to nucleotide sequences corresponding to the murine and human OB gene, and two isoforms thereof, and proteins expressed by such nucleotides or degenerate variations thereof, that demonstrate the ability to participate in the control of mammalian body weight and that have been postulated to play a critical role in the regulation of body weight and adiposity. The present invention further provides nucleic acid molecules for use as molecular probes or as primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. In further aspects, the present invention provides cloning vectors and mammalian expression vectors comprising the nucleic acid molecules of the invention.