Abstract: A synergistic combination in an aqueous solution of a partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate) and a fully hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate), i.e. poly(vinyl alcohol), exhibiting a low surface tension at the water-air interface, while forming a completely wettable absorbed layer over hydrophobic solids. The combination is used as part of an ophthalmic solution including a hydrophilic low viscosity polymer, poly(N-glucose) or poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) with higher than normal oncotic pressure in a physiologically compatible electrolytic solution base. The formulation is effective in treating the two major underlying causes of the dry eye syndrome; ocular surface disorder and tear film abnormalities resulting in tear film instability. It can also be effective as an aqueous vehicle for topically used ophthalmic drugs or nutrients.

Abstract: A method and preparation for the stimulation of tear secretion. The method involves topically applying to the ocular surface gastrointestinal hormones and/or biologically active peptides and their precursors, derivatives, and fragments which activate vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors of lacrimal gland tissue. The preparation contains a peptide of hormone that activates the vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor such as glucagon or vasoactive intestinal peptide, a vehicle and may also contain an ophthalmic preservative.

Abstract: A method of treating various sensitive animal body tissues comprising applying to the tissue a solution prepared from specially processed seawater. The solution is prepared by filtering off-shore seawater to remove debris in small organisms, sterilizing the filtered solution and diluting thereafter with tap water or distilled water to lower the solution's osmolality to about 280 mOs, which renders the solution compatible and isotonic with the tissue to be treated.