Abstract: A method, and compositions for use therein capable, of delivering a bioactive agent to an animal entailing the steps of encapsulating effective amounts of the agent in a biocompatible excipient to form microcapsules having a size less than approximately ten micrometers and administering effective amounts of the microcapsules to the animal. A pulsatile response is obtained, as well as mucosal and systemic immunity.

Abstract: A medical gas mixture which comprises from 20 to 70% oxygen, from 1 to 10% carbon dioxide and the balance, except for incidental constituents not adversely affecting the basic properties of the gas mixture, being helium. The subject mixtures are useful in the treatment of asthma and in enhancing magnetic resonance imaging.

Abstract: Methods for preparing dry powders having hydrophobic and hydrophilic components comprise combining solutions or suspensions of the components and spray drying them simultaneously in a spray drier. The hydrophilic component is dissolved in an aqueous solution and the hydrophobic component suspended therein. The method provides dry powders having relatively uniform characteristics.

Abstract: Methods for preparing dry powders having hydrophobic and hydrophilic components comprise combining solutions or suspensions of the components and spray drying them simultaneously in a spray drier. Both the hydrophobic and hydrophilic component are dissolved in a solvent system selected to have adequate solubility for both components. The method provides dry powders having relatively uniform characteristics.

Abstract: An ultrafine particle powder for inhalation to be delivered mainly to a lower airway, containing specific cellulose lower alkyl ethers and a medicament, at least 80% of the powder having a particle size in the range of 0.5 to 10 .mu.m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to therapeutic methods for treating diseases characterized by an accumulation of high molecular weight DNA in mucous, thereby contributing to the viscosity of the mucous. Such diseases include cystic fibrosis and chronic bronchitis. Treatment includes administration of weak organic acids to promote acidification of cells and consequently apoptosis-induced DNA fragmentation. The invention also relates to therapeutic apparatus for administering the acid compositions.

Abstract: The administration of aerosolize particles of mometasone furoate in the form of dry powders, solutions, or aqueous suspension for treating corticosteroid-responsive diseases of the surfaces of upper and/or lower airway passages and/or lungs, e.g., allergic rhinitis and asthma is disclosed.

Abstract: A smoking material is provided that is useful to alleviate the symptoms of the tobacco withdrawal syndrome comprising an amount of continine or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof in combination with a non-toxic vegetable material, which amount is effective to reduce or eliminate at least one of the symptoms of tobacco withdrawal syndrome in a human when the smoking material is smoked by a human.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for treating both the early and late phases of allergic asthma by introducing naked polynucleotides which operatively encode for the asthma-initiating antigen into the host. The antigen-encoding polynucleotides are administered to host tissues which contain a high concentration of antigen presenting cells (e.g., skin and mucosa) relative to other host tissues. Expression of the asthma-initiating antigen encoding polynucleotides of the invention inside of antigen presenting cells (without substantial secretion therefrom) induces antigen tolerance while suppressing IgE antibody formation in the early phase of the disease, and also suppresses cytokine-mediated eosinophil accumulation in the late phase of the disease. Devices and compositions for use in the methods of the invention are also described.

Abstract: A method and device for organizing, storing, instructing, and coordinating the combined use of aerosol and oral medications for the treatment of disorders including respiratory tract disorders for the purpose of reducing medication error and increasing therapeutic compliance.

Abstract: A method of treating adenosine depletion in a subject in need of such treatment is disclosed. The method comprises administering to the subject folinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in an amount effective to treat adenosine depletion. A method of treating asthma in a subject in need of such treatment is also disclosed. The method comprises administering to the subject dehydroepiandrosterone, analogs thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in an amount effective to treat asthma.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical solution aerosol formulations of butixocort propionate as the sole active drug agent and a propellant selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, and a mixture thereof.

Abstract: A synthetic lung surfactant composition and process for depositing a monolayer of a phosphatidylcholine lung surfactant to the alveoli of a mammal. The composition comprises a phosphatidylcholine lung surfactant, a phosphatidylethanolamine, and cholesterol in proportions such that the composition is in lamellar form at or below a first temperature and in non-lamellar form at a second temperature which is higher than the first temperature. A preferred phosphatidylcholine lung surfactant for use in this invention is dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), which is known to be the major lipid constituent of natural mammalian lung surfactant, and a preferred phosphatidylethanolamine is dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE). In particular embodiments, the composition is in lamellar form at about room temperature (25.degree. C.), and in non-lamellar form at a temperature in the range of about 30.degree. to 37.degree. C., which is at or below normal human body temperature (37.degree. C.).

Abstract: A method for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of disorders associated with pulmonary hypertension and/or disorders associated with right heart failure, in mammals, such as humans, which method comprises administering to the mammal in need of such treatment and/or prophylaxis an effective and/or prophylactic amount of a vasodilator selected from the group consisting of ganglion blockers, sympathetic nerve blockers, and direct vasodilators; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a smoking substitute composition wherein nicotine is the form of an inclusion complex between nicotine and a cyclodextrincompound.

Abstract: A method for treating a patient suffering from any of osteoporosis, Paget's disease and hypercalcemia by intranasally administering to said patient by spray a calcitonin solution consisting of calcitonin dissolved in a 0.9% aqueous sodium chloride solution free of quaternary ammonium compounds and surfactants, the calcitonin being in a concentration of 100-5000 IU per ml. of composition.

Abstract: Metered dose inhaler (MDI) formulations which utilize 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC 134a) as the sole propellant are made practical by including a polar surfactant such as polyethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate, propoxylated polyethylene glycol, and polyoxyethylene (4) lauryl ether for suspending, solubilizing, wetting and emulsifying the drug constituent and lubricating the valve components of the MDI.

Abstract: The present invention contemplates nasal compositions effective for relieving mammalian sinus headache associated with inflamed or congested turbinates, or both, accompanied by localized pain perceived on the septum, containing an anaesthetically effective amount of a non-addictive, rapidly absorbable anaesthetic component such anaesthetic being the sole active ingredient in the composition or being combined with a decongestant of the sympathomimetic amine class.

Abstract: The invention is generally directed to methods of promoting normal respiratory tract airflow in subjects with restricted airflow and ciliary clearance caused by the presence of pathological airway contents, and particularly mucoid contents. Actin-binding proteins are administered into the respiratory tract of a subject with a pathological respiratory condition involving the presence of such contents. The actin-binding protein binds to actin polymers in the contents and decreases the viscosity. The actin binding proteins also prevent actin from binding to exogenous or endogenous DNase, thus increasing the degradation of DNA polymers in the contents.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for preventing free radical-induced oxidative damage and inflammatory response in biological tissue. The methods comprise exposing biological tissue to vapor-phase, phenolic antioxidants such as vaporized 2,6-diisopropylphenol.

Abstract: Recurrent paroxysmal neuropsychiatric disorders selected from (1) acute dystonic reactions, (2) seizure disorders and (3) panic disorders may be treated by means of aerosol inhalation of (1) anticholinergic and/or antihistaminic agents, (2) benzodiazepines and (3) antihistaminic agents, respectively.

Abstract: A method of making a stabilized aerosol drug formulation is disclosed, along with the formulations so produced and metered drug inhalers containing the same. The method comprises combining a solid particulate drug composition with a fluoropolymer in a liquid fluorocarbon aerosol propellant to form a stable suspension. Further stabilization can be achieved by cooling the suspension for a time and to a temperature sufficient to adsorb the fluoropolymer to the solid particulate drug composition in the liquid fluorocarbon aerosol propellant. Preferred propellants for carrying out the invention are 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, heptafluoropropane, and mixtures thereof, and preferred fluoropolymers for carrying out the invention are fluoropolyethers.

Abstract: A method and system for treating bronchial constriction. The system includes a liposome composition containing a .beta..sub.2 -adrenoreceptor agonist in a liposome-entrapped form, and a device for aerosolizing a metered quantity of the composition. The drug in liposome aerosol form is substantially more effective in bronchodilation, over a substantially longer time, than the same amount of drug in free-drug aerosol form.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for preventing free radical-induced oxidative damage and inflammatory response in biological tissue. The methods comprise exposing biological tissue to vapor-phase, phenolic antioxidants such as vaporized 2,6-diisopropylphenol.

Abstract: A method of treating pneumonia caused by a microorganism by administering directly into the lower respiratory tract of a host an amount of an anti-inflammatory agent effective to reduce inflammation is provided. The method may further include administering to a host an amount of an anti-infectious agent with activity against the microorganism effective to reduce the concentration of the microorganism.

Abstract: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia may be prevented in a subject susceptible to infection by Pneumocystis carinii by administering to the subject an amount of a pentamidine in aerosol form effective to prevent infection by Pneumocystis carinii and thus prevent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Also, this invention provides a composition for the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia which comprises an amount of a pentamidine effective to prevent infection by Pneumocystis carinii and thus prevent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aerosol form and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved means for regulating the immune response, for ameliorating effects of stress, and for avoiding untoward effects of chemotherapy or exposure to irradiation by administration of androstenediol (AED) and androstenetriol (AET). The improved means of regulating immune response can be utilized in treating infectious diseases and immune diseases such as diabetes and chronic fatigue syndrome, both diseases now considered to be immune response related syndromes.

Abstract: Phospholipid conjugate compounds derived from cardiac glycosides and sters useful in liposome immunoassays are disclosed as well as their method of preparation.

Abstract: Pharmaceutically active substances are administered in aerosol form by applying to a mucosal surface of the body a composition comprising a medically effective amount of a pharmaceutically active substance, a biocompatible amphiphilac steroid and a bicompatible (hydro/fluoro)carbon propellant.

Abstract: Compositions for the administration of protein or peptide drugs across membranes show low toxicity and efficient permeation when the medium is a mixture of a bile salt or fusidate with a nonionic detergent. Various specific compositions are exemplified.

Abstract: A system and method for administering a drug, at a selected dose, via the respiratory tract. Spray-dried liposome particles containing the selected dose of the entrapped drug are released into the air in aerosolized form, either by entrainment in an air or propellant stream, or by release from a pressurized can containing a suspension of the liposomes in a fluorchlorocarbon solvent.

Abstract: There have been prepared paints containing as additives known pharmaceutical products, having such a therapeutic or prophylactic action as to neutralize or prevent the irritating effect of the volatile components of the paints on the respiratory and conjunctival mucosae. The addition is also foreseen of systems of suitably blended and proportional terpenic substances, so as to impart a pleasant smell to the paints.

Abstract: A method and composition for causing casualties among mammals by contacting composition comprising casuality producing chemical agents, thickener and open multicellular polymer and said composition covering various external surfaces.

Abstract: Described is a method for reducing physiological and/or subjective reactivity to stress in humans being subjected to stress conditions. The method consists of administering to such humans an effective amount of a physiological and/or subjective stress reactivity-reducing substance selected from the group consisting of:(i) Nutmeg Oil;(ii) Mace Extract;(iii) Neroli Oil;(iv) Valerian Oil;(v) Myristicin;(vi) Isoelemicin; and(vii) Elemicin.Administration is through inhalation or transdermally using one or more of the above ingredients alone or in a suitable composition such as ethanol and/or a perfume composition, cologne or perfumed article (e.g., air freshener or deodorant stick). Also described is a method for detecting the reduction of physiological and/or subjective reactivity to stress in a human.

Abstract: Described is a method for reducing physiological and/or subjective reactivity to stress in humans being subjected to stress conditions. The method consists of administering to such humans an effective amount of a physiological and/or subjective stress reactivity-reducing substance selected from the group consisting of:(i) Nutmeg Oil;(ii) Mace Extract;(iii) Neroli Oil;(iv) Valerian Oil;(v) Myristicin;(vi) Isoelemicin; and(vii) Elemicin.Administration is through inhalation or transdermally using one or more of the above ingredients alone or in a suitable composition such as ethanol and/or a perfume composition, cologne or perfume article (e.g., air freshener or deodorant stick). Also described is a method for detecting the reduction of physiological and/or subjective reactivity to stress in a human.

Abstract: Described is a method for reducing physiological and/or subjective reactivity to stress in humans being subjected to stress conditions. The method consists of administering to such humans an effective amount of a physiological and/or subjective stress reactivity-reducing substance selected from the group consisting of:(i) Nutmeg Oil;(ii) Mace Extract;(iii) Neroli Oil;(iv) Valerian Oil;(v) Myristicin;(vi) Isoelemicin; and(vii) Elemicin.Administration is through inhalation or transdermally using one or more of the above ingredients alone or in a suitable composition such as ethanol and/or a perfume composition, cologne or perfumed article (e.g., air freshener or deodorant stick). Also described is a method for detecting the reduction of physiological and/or subjective reactivity to stress in a human.

Abstract: Gas-emitting bath additive compositions are stably preserved over a long term. They comprise a carbonate, an organic acid, and a stabilizer which is selected from magnesium oxide, sodium aluminate and a mixture thereof. Magnesium oxide and sodium aluminate are effective to improve the preservation stability of bath additives when used in an amount of 0.1 to 1.5 wt % of the total composition.

Abstract: The compounds represented by the following structural formula (I) ##STR1## wherein m and n are independently 1, 2 or 3; R.sub.1 is an C.sub.8 to C.sub.13 alkyl radical and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have been found to be leukotriene antagonists and useful in the treatment of diseases in which leukotrienes are a factor, such as asthma.

Abstract: A novel compound bis-(N,N-dimethyl-N-carbodecyloxymethyl-N-ethyleneammonium)-sulphide dichloride of the formula ##STR1## A method for preparing said novel compound comprising quaternization of bis-(.beta.-dimethylaminoethyl)-sulphide with monochloroacetic acid decyl ester, molar ratio of said reagents being not more than 1:2.A chemotherapeutic antimicrobial preparation comprising said novel compound as an active principle in combination with a pharmaceutical carrier.A plant growth regulator in the form of an aqueous solution of said novel compound in a concentration of from 0.0001 to 0.1 wt. %.