Abstract: The instant invention friction reducer formulation comprising friction reducer polymers such as PAM within the dispersed phase of an inverse emulsion containing a composition C which comprises a mixture of: —at least an alkanolamide emulsifier; and —a block copolymer comprising: —a hydrophilic block A comprising units deriving from a mono-alpha-ethylenically-unsaturated monomers; and —a hydrophobic block B.

Abstract: The invention relates to an emulsion containing or consisting of (A) 40.00 to 97.98 wt. % of at least one hydrocarbon, (B) 2.00 to 59.98 wt. % of water or an aqueous solution of a salt which does not fall under the following definition according to (C) and (C) 0.02 to 8.00 wt. % of a salt of an amino amide of a fatty acid, containing at least one primary, secondary or tertiary amino group, and an acid component of general formula (I) in which R1 is a linear or branched, saturated or mono-unsaturated or poly-unsaturated hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 40 C atoms, R2 is an alkylene radical or arylalkylene radical with 2 to 20 C atoms and X is a radical which contains at least one acid group, m=0 or 1, n=1 to 30, wherein the weight proportions of components (A), (B) and (C) relate to the sum of the masses of these components and this is 100 wt. %.

Abstract: During “fracking” operations, proppants are used to keep open the fissures that are created, and stimulation fluids are often injected into the subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing geological formations to assist in capturing released hydrocarbons. However, because fissure surfaces formed in subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing geological formations from fracking tend to be hydrophobic, both introduced stimulation fluids and the hydrocarbons from the subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing geological formations tend to adhere to the fissure surfaces. The addition of a gemini surfactant appears to reduce the hydrophobic nature of the geological structure's fissure surfaces, thereby wetting surfaces of indigenous rock and/or introduced proppant surfaces. The addition of the gemini surfactant results in an increase of the fluid flow through the subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing geological formations, thereby enhancing of recovery of hydrocarbons and introduced stimulation fluids.

Abstract: Accretion inhibiting wellbore fluid compositions a ay contain a multiester, a sorbitan ester surfactant, and a base fluid, wherein the composition is in the form of a metastable emulsion. Methods may include emplacing a wellbore fluid into a wellbore, the wellbore fluid containing a multiester, and a sorbitan ester surfactant, wherein the wellbore fluid forms a metastable emulsion.

Abstract: The invention provides a foam control formulation in the form of a microemulsion, the formulation comprising: (a) from S to 70% w/w of primary surfactant, this surfactant having an HLB of from 1 to 12 and/or a cloud point of from 20 to 70° C.; (b) from 2 to 40% w/w of water-insoluble organic carrier liquid; and (c) water. Also provided is the use of this formulation to prevent and/or reduce foam in a fluid system, or as a processing aid to control foam production in a fluid system. The formulation may be used in an aqueous fluid system, such as an oilfield.

Abstract: The invention is drawn to fluid concentrate formulations of fatty acid monoethanolamides comprising (a) about 71-76% by weight of one or more C8-C22 fatty acid monoethanolamides, (b) about 15-17% by weight of water, and (c) about 10-12% by weight of one or more hydrotropes, based on the fluid formulation, wherein the fluid formulation is homogeneous, pumpable and color stable at a temperature of less than 55° C. A preferred embodiment is drawn to fluid concentrate formulations of cocamide monoethanolamide (CMEA) consisting of (a) about 71-76% by weight of CMEA, (b) about 15-17% by weight of water, and (c) about 10-12% by weight of glycerol, based on the fluid formulation. Methods of preparing the fluid concentrate formulations mulations are also disclosed. The fluid concentrate formulations of fatty acid monoethanolamides are useful in the preparation of cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: A solvent that reversibly converts from a hydrophobic liquid form to hydrophilic liquid form upon contact with water and a selected trigger, e.g., contact with CO2, is described. The hydrophilic liquid form is readily converted back to the hydrophobic liquid form and water. The hydrophobic liquid is an amidine or amine. The hydrophilic liquid form comprises an amidinium salt or an ammonium salt.

Abstract: Methods of modulating interfacial characteristics in a self-assembled, force-transmitting peptide network at a fluid-fluid interface are disclosed. The methods involve exposing a peptide capable of participating in a self-assembled, force-transmitting peptide network, either before or after it interacts with other peptides to form the peptide network to a stimulus that alters the chemical and/or physical properties of the peptide. Use of such methods in applications such as emulsions and foams are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for controlling the stability or the droplets sized of simple water-in-oil emulsions, wherein a di-block or tri-block copolymer is used. A block is a hydrophilic block, the other block is a hydrophobic block. The invention concerns also a stabilized water-in-oil emulsion.

Abstract: Reversible switchable surfactants are provided. A surfactant is the salt of an amidine or guanidine: having at least one R group that is a hydrophobic moiety selected from the group consisting of higher aliphatic moiety, higher siloxyl moiety, higher aliphatic/siloxyl moiety, aliphatic/aryl moiety, siloxyl/aryl moiety, and aliphatic/siloxyl/aryl moiety. The other R groups are smaller moieties such as H, C1 to C4 aliphatic or the like. The surfactant is turned on by a gas that liberates hydrogen ions, such as, for example, carbon dioxide, which liberates hydrogen ions in the presence of water. The surfactant is turned off by exposure to a flushing gas and/or heating. When “on” the surfactants are useful to stabilize emulsions, and when “off” they are useful to separate immiscible liquids or a liquid and a solid. The surfactants find uses in polymerization and in the oil industry.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention provides a water-in-oil emulsion comprising from about 5 to about 40 wt % aqueous phase and from about 95 to about 60 wt % non-aqueous phase, said aqueous phase being dispersed in said non-aqueous phase in the form of droplets having an average droplet size no greater than about 0.1 ?m, said emulsion comprising: at least 60 wt % of an oil selected from fuel oils, lubricating oils and mixtures thereof, from about 1 to about 30 wt % of emulsifying agents, and the balance to 100 wt % water, wherein said emulsifying agents include a fatty (C8-C24)-amido-(C1-C6)alkyl betaine, is useful as a fuel, coolant or lubricant.

Abstract: Provided is an emulsified composition for diluting a cancer antigen peptide or a dimer thereof. Also provided is a novel cancer vaccine composition or specific CTL inducer that efficiently induces CTL irrespective of the type of cancer antigen peptide when mixing the emulsified composition for dilution and a water phase comprising a cancer antigen peptide or a dimer thereof. The present invention relates to an emulsified composition for diluting a cancer antigen peptide or a dimer thereof, comprising a particular ester, a particular surfactant, a particular emulsifier, and a water phase. The present invention also relates to a cancer vaccine composition or specific CTL inducer obtained by freshly diluting and mixing a water phase comprising a cancer antigen peptide or a dimer thereof with the emulsified composition for dilution.

Abstract: A new class of secondary emulsifying agents for use in inverted mud and other inverted system is disclosed and method for making and using same.

Abstract: An invert emulsion fluid system and a method of performing petroleum recovery operations using an invert emulsion fluid system.

Abstract: Single phase microemulsions improve the removal of filter cakes formed during drilling with oil-based muds (OBMs). The single phase microemulsion removes oil and solids from the deposited filter cake. Optionally, an acid capable of solubilizing the filter cake bridging particles may also be used with the microemulsion. In one non-limiting embodiment the acid may be a polyamino carboxylic acid. Skin damage removal from internal and external filter cake deposition can be reduced. In another optional embodiment, the single phase microemulsion may contain a filtration control additive for delaying the filter cake removal, destruction or conversion.

Abstract: Surfactants (e.g., fluorosurfactants) for stabilizing aqueous or hydrocarbon droplets in a fluorophilic continuous phase are presented. In some embodiments, fluorosurfactants include a fluorophilic tail soluble in a fluorophilic (e.g., fluorocarbon) continuous phase, and a headgroup soluble in either an aqueous phase or a lipophilic (e.g., hydrocarbon) phase. The combination of a fluorophilic tail and a headgroup may be chosen so as to create a surfactant with a suitable geometry for forming stabilized reverse emulsion droplets having a disperse aqueous or lipophilic phase in a continuous, fluorophilic phase. In some embodiments, the headgroup is preferably non-ionic and can prevent or limit the adsorption of molecules at the interface between the surfactant and the discontinuous phase. This configuration can allow the droplet to serve, for example, as a reaction site for certain chemical and/or biological reactions.

Abstract: Single phase microemulsions improve the removal of filter cakes formed during drilling with invert emulsions. The single phase microemulsion removes oil and solids from the deposited filter cake. Optionally, an acid capable of solubilizing the filter cake bridging particles may also be used with the microemulsion. In one non-limiting embodiment the acid may be a polyamino carboxylic acid. Skin damage removal from internal and external filter cake deposition can be reduced.

Abstract: A lubricant in the form of a water or oil insoluble solvent in oil emulsion is described where a base (soluble or dispersible in said oil-insoluble solvent or water) is present in the dispersed phase. These lubricants are beneficial in various applications such as internal combustion engines where the oil needs enough basicity to neutralize any inorganic acids generated by sulfur present in the fuel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a feedstock composition for increasing the efficiency of atomization in hydrocarbon processing that includes a water-in-hydrocarbon oil emulsion including a non-ionic surfactant capable of stabilizing the emulsion and having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of greater than about 12. The emulsion includes water droplets of about 5 to about 10 microns in diameter, the droplets being dispersed substantially uniformly in the hydrocarbon oil phase. These surfactants are capable of stabilizing the water-in-hydrocarbon oil emulsion under relevant temperature and pressure conditions for hydrocarbon processing. The inventive feedstock composition provides a metastable water-in-oil emulsion where expanding water vapor explodes under spray conditions where the system pressure is released, demolishing a larger oil droplet and producing smaller oil droplets.

Abstract: An emulsion is optimized in that it is stabilized by the presence of a surfactant specifically selected according to the type of a polymer, or copolymer, also present in the emulsion. The surfactant and the polymer are selected oppositely charged.

Abstract: A method of treating a subterranean formation penetrated by a well bore including: (a) preparing a fracturing fluid containing a mixture resulting from: (I) providing a water-in-oil emulsion composition that includes: (i) 5% to 99% by weight of a water-in-oil emulsion polymer comprising a polymer or copolymer containing repeat units from an acrylamide monomer; (ii) 0.5% to 90% by weight of a carrier solvent; and (iii) 0 to 90% by weight of a fluidizing agent; and adding (iv) 0.1% to 10% by weight of one or more inorganic microparticles, where the total of all components is 100% by weight; and (II) adding the water-in-oil emulsion composition to water; and (b) contacting the subterranean formation with the fracturing fluid.

Abstract: A superior powder form of a metallic soap for enhancing the properties of an invert emulsion drilling fluid may be prepared by a dry process saponification reaction. The process includes mixing a source of metal cations with the product of a Diels-Alder reaction of dienophiles with fatty acids and/or resin acids and allowing the mixture to react. Heating the mixture increases the rate of reaction. The solid product is ground to form a powder. The properties of the drilling fluid that may be improved by adding the soap include filtration control, fluid loss control, emulsification and emulsion stability, and electrical stability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dispersing agents for pigments or extenders based on acrylic acid alkyl ester polymers, wherein at least part of the ester groups of the polymers is reacted to form acid amides, wherein the dispersing agent is obtainable by the aminolysis of ester groups of the polymers by means of amines, such as amino alkylenyl heterocycles. The invention also relates to the use of the dispersing agents according to the invention for the production of pigment concentrates and coating media, and to a process for producing the dispersing agents.

Abstract: A method of treating a subterranean formation, the method comprising: (A) injecting down a well bore into the formation an admixture of (a) an emulsion having an internal aqueous phase comprising a water-soluble oil or gas field chemical or an aqueous dispersion of a water-dispersible oil or gas field chemical and an external oil phase comprising a liquid hydrocarbon and an oil-soluble surfactant and (b) a demulsifier comprising a solution of a surfactant having a cloud point temperature of above 40° C.; or (B) separately injecting down a well bore into the formation emulsion (a) and demulsifier (b) and generating an admixture of emulsion (a) and demulsifier (b) within the formation.

Abstract: A method of treating a subterranean formation, the method comprising: (A) injecting down a well bore into the formation an admixture of (a) an emulsion having an internal aqueous phase comprising a water-soluble oil or gas field chemical or an aqueous dispersion of a water-dispersible oil or gas field chemical and an external oil phase comprising a liquid hydrocarbon and an oil-soluble surfactant and (b) a demulsifier comprising a solution of a surfactant having a cloud point temperature of above 40° C.; or (B) separately injecting down a well bore into the formation emulsion (a) and demulsifier (b) and generating an admixture of emulsion (a) and demulsifier (b) within the formation.

Abstract: A dispersant comprising a polyester chain obtainable by polymerising a hydroxy carboxylic acid or lactone thereof such as E-caprolactone with a cyclic alkylene carbonate such as 5,5-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate. The dispersant may be in the form of a phosphate ester where the polyester chain is reacted with a phosphating agent such as polyphosphoric acid or the polyester chain may be attached to a polyamine or polyimine such as polyethyleneimine.

Abstract: A water-in-hydrocarbon emulsion includes a water phase, a hydrocarbon phase and a surfactant, wherein the water phase is present in an amount greater than or equal to about 5% vol. with respect to volume of the emulsion, and the water phase and the surfactant are present at a ratio by volume of the water phase to the surfactant of at least about 1. A method for preparing the emulsion is also provided.

Abstract: The invention concerns modified hydrophobic polyelectrolytes by amide formation of a hydrophilic skeleton by n-alkylamines whereof the alkyl chain comprises 6 to 22 carbon atoms. Preferably, the amide formation is obtained by di-n-dodecylamine. The hydrophilic skeleton is preferably a sodium polyacrylate or polyacrylic acid corresponding to a statistical acrylate-AMPS copolymer. Said polymers can be used for stabilizing direct or invert emulsions likely to be destabilized or inverted by a modification in the degree of salinity of the aqueous phase or a pH modification. The invention is particularly useful for stabilizing oil drilling fluids or the like in particular drilling, fracturation, acidification or completion fluids.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a water-based drilling mud for utilization in the drilling of oil wells comprising an aqueous phase wherein the aqueous phase contains an oil soluble polymer in the form of a gel as a fluid loss reducer. The subject invention further reveals a method of lubricating a drilling bit during the drilling of a well which comprises circulating a water-based drilling mud in the vicinity of the drilling bit wherein the water-based drilling mud is comprised of an aqueous phase, and wherein the aqueous phase contains an oil soluble polymer in the form of a gel as a fluid loss reducer.

Abstract: A method for using an invert emulsion fluid in a well bore, comprising placing an invert emulsion fluid in a well bore, wherein the invert emulsion fluid comprises an oleaginous fluid, a non-oleaginous fluid and an emulsifier comprising one or more amines generally represented by the formula: wherein R is a radical selected from the group consisting of abietyl, hydroabietyl, dihydroabietyl, tetrahydroabietyl, and dehydroabietyl, each R? may be the same or different and is an alkyl having from about 1 to about 3 carbons, each A may be the same or different and is NH or O, and the sum of x and y ranges from about 1 to about 20, and contacting the invert emulsion fluid with an acid solution to reversibly convert the invert emulsion to an oil-in-water emulsion.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a water-based drilling mud for utilization in the drilling of oil wells comprising an aqueous phase wherein the aqueous phase contains an oil soluble polymer in the form of a gel as fluid loss reducer. The subject invention further reveals a process for preparing an oil soluble polymer fluid loss control agent comprising the steps of dissolving at least one polymer in a hydrocarbon oil to form a clear solution or a gel, adding an emulsifier to the solution or the gel, and keeping the mixture under conditions of agitation until a clear creamy mixture is obtained.

Abstract: Fuel made from an emulsion between water and a liquid hydrocarbon and polymeric surfactant, used to stabilize the emulsion, obtainable by (a) reacting (i) at least one polyolefin oligomer functionalized with at least one group deriving from a dicarboxylic acid, or a derivative thereof; and (ii) at least one polyoxylalkylene having linear oxyalkylene units, the polyoxyalkylene being linked to a long-chain alkyl group optionally containing at least one ethylenic unsaturation; and (b) reacting the product of step (a) with (ii) at least one nitrogen compound selected from monoamines, polyamines and quaternary ammonium hydroxides. The fuel has high stability over time, without forming carbonaceous deposits adhering to metal surfaces.

Abstract: An invert emulsion fluid, method for making same, and method for using same as a servicing fluid in a well bore. The invert emulsion fluid contains an oleaginous fluid, a non-oleaginous fluid, and an emulsifier comprising one or more amines generally represented by the formula: wherein R is a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, each R? may be the same or different and is H or an alkyl having from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms, each A may be the same or different and is NH or O, and the sum of x and y ranges from about 1 to about 20. In a preferred embodiment, R is a radical selected from the group consisting of abietyl, dihydroabietyl, tetrahydroabietyl, and dehydroabietyl, R? is H, and A is O.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a composition comprising a partially dehydrated product made by: (I) reacting (A) a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acid or anhydride with (B) a polyol, a polyamine, a hydroxyamine, or a mixture of two or more thereof, to form a first intermediate product comprising: an ester, partial ester or mixture thereof when (B) is a polyol; an amide, imide, salt, amide/salt, partial amide or mixture of two or more thereof when (B) is a polyamine; or an ester, partial ester, amide, partial amide, amide/salt, imide, ester/salt, salt or a mixture of two or more thereof when (B) is a hydroxyamine, a mixture of a polyol and a polyamine, a mixture of a polyol and a hydroxyamine, a mixture of a polyamine and a hydroxyamine, or a mixture of a polyol, a polyamine and a hydroxyamine; the hydrocarbyl substituent of said acid or anhydride having an average of about 8 to about 200 carbon atoms; and (II) heating said first intermediate product at an effective temperature to form a second interme

Abstract: Aqueous diesel oils are disclosed which may be stored over several days without separating out as a result of the added emulsifier mixture.

Abstract: An oil treating agent of W/O emulsion, wherein an aqueous dispersed phase is dispersed in an oily continuous phase, and wherein the dispersed phase is an alkaline mixture solution obtained by mixing water, a solution comprising water and an alcohol, or a water-free alcohol solution with an alkali hydroxide e.g. sodium hydroxide or with a metal alkoxide e.g. sodium alkoxide and the continuous phase comprises a liquid incompatible with the dispersed phase.

Abstract: A method and product is disclosed which provides emulsion stability and filtration control to invert emulsion drilling fluids. The product comprises a blend of a carboxylic acid terminated polyamide and a mixture produced by the Diels-Alder reaction of dienophiles, preferably carboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids, acid anhydrides, or combinations or mixes thereof, with a mixture of fatty acids and resin acids. The product is extremely effective, decreasing by about two-thirds the amount of emulsifier generally required to formulate an effective drilling fluid. The product also greatly reduces and in many cases eliminates the need for conventional fluid loss additives, and additionally provides electrical stability. Moreover, the product has a pour point as low as about 20 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal solvents, thereby eliminating the need to ship large amounts of inert material for use, and may be transported in a highly active state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dispersing agents for pigments or extenders based on acrylic acid alkyl ester polymers, wherein at least part of the ester groups of the polymers is reacted to form acid amides, wherein the dispersing agent is obtainable by the aminolysis of ester groups of the polymers by means of amines, wherein, for the aminolysis, at least one amine is used from the group comprising a) amines of general formula NH2—R1—NR2R3, wherein R1 is a divalent alkylene radical comprising 2-4 carbon atoms and R2 and R3 are aliphatic and/or alicyclic alkyl radicals which comprise 1-12, preferably 1-6 carbon atoms and which can be the same or different. The invention also relates to the use of the dispersing agents according to the invention for the production of pigment concentrates and coating media, and to a process for producing the dispersing agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to fine emulsions comprising at least one W/O emulsifier and at least one hydrophilic component, and to a process for their preparation. The fine emulsions are obtainable by converting a W/O preemulsion comprising at least one W/O emulsifier into an O/W fine emulsion by adding at least one hydrophilic component and, where appropriate, changing the temperature. Suitable W/O emulsifiers are preferably sorbitol esters. The fine emulsions are preferably spray emulsions for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.

Abstract: The first embodiment of the present invention provides a composition, which includes: an aqueous phase dispersed in an oily phase; wherein the oily phase includes at least one particle of a crosslinked solid organopolysiloxane elastomer having at least one oxyalkylene group, and wherein the aqueous phase includes at least one crosslinked and at least partially neutralized poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid) polymer. Other embodiments of the present invention provide methods of using the above-identified composition, compositions containing same, and a method of preparing water-in-oil emulsions.

Abstract: A process for preparing a composition comprising a mixture with ester and amine function in the form of ester-amines, amines, salts of amines, monoglycerides and diglycerides all derived from monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, and/or tetrameric fatty acids contained in polymerized polyunsaturated oil comprising: (a) polymerizing a polyunsaturated vegetable or animal oil to form a polymerized oil, (b) treating the polymerized oil with water vapor, and (c) reacting the polymerized oil with an excess of at least one compound containing at least one hydroxyl function and at least one tertiary amine function, optionally in the presence of a catalyst. Said methods further comprise adding the compositions to an oil effluent as dispersing agents for hydrates.

Abstract: In order to manufacture a composition mainly containing compounds with ester and amide functions, in particular in the form of ester-amides, as well as compounds with amine functions, such as ester-amines, the salts of amines, monoglycerides and diglycerides, formed from monomeric, dimeric, trimeric and/or tetrameric fatty acids contained in a polymerized polyunsaturated oil, a process is implemented which comprises the following stages: a) use (or preparation) of a polymerized oil by polymerization of a polyunsaturated vegetable or animal oil; b) treatment of said polymerized oil by entrainment with water vapor; and c) reaction of the polymerized oil thus treated with an excess of at least one aminoalcohol, in the presence or not of a catalyst. This composition can be used as an emulsifying and dispersing surfactant, in particular as an additive for dispersing hydrates in oil effluents.

Abstract: Alkyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranoside uronic acids, and their pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salts, and their use as surface-active and/or interfacially active active compounds, in particular as detergent surfactants or emulsifiers.

Abstract: A dispersion of an ester polymer in at least one liquid wherein the ester polymer is a polymer consisting essentially of a first monomer with structural units derived from at least one ester (1) of an aliphatic carboxylic acid with an aliphatic alcohol, wherein one of the acid and alcohol is ethylenically unsaturated and the other of the acid and alcohol has a long chain group of 14-40 carbons. A second monomer is optionally present which is a monomer derived from a different ester (2) within the same definition as ester (1), such that the mole average carbon content of the long chain group is 15-35, and a third monomer with structural units derived from a corresponding ester (3) of an aliphatic carboxylic acid and an aliphatic alcohol. One of the acid and alcohol is ethylenically unsaturated and the other has an aliphatic group of 1-13 carbons, such that at least 30% of the said aliphatic groups have 15-35 carbons.

Abstract: Disclosed are a fatty acid esters composition of a polyglycerine containing more than 70% of a fatty acid monoester which is defined by a specified analysis method, a process for the preparation thereof, a process for the preparation of a highly-purified fatty acid esters composition of a polyglycerine, and a highly-purified fatty acid esters composition of a polyglycerine having an oxirane oxygen concentration of below 100 ppm which is defined by a specified analysis method. The fatty acid esters compositions of a polyglycerine are useful as additives for a variety of food-stuffs, additives for a variety of thermoplastic resins, and as additives for a variety of cosmetics or detergents.

Abstract: A fatty acid amphoteric surfactant complex obtained by mixing a) at least one imidazolinium ampholytic surfactant of the formula: wherein R1 represents an alkyl or alkenyl group having 9 to 17 carbon atoms on average; and Z is 1 or 2; with b) a higher fatty acid selected from the group consisting of oleic acid, isostearic acid and a mixture of oleic acid and isostearic acid; wherein the ratio of said higher fatty acid to the total amount of said imidazolinium ampholytic surfactant(s) in said complex ranges from about 25:75 to 90:10. The complex containing an ampholytic and/or semipolar surfactant and higher fatty acid may optionally contain a clay mineral. Said complex may be employed in making emulsions.

Abstract: The following are described herein: a composition that consists of a mixture that comprises at least amides, amines, ester-amides, ester-amines, amine salts and monoglycerides, that are all derived from monomeric, dimeric, trimeric and/or tetrameric fatty acids; a process for the production of said composition which comprises the transamidification reaction of a polyunsaturated vegetable oil that is polymerized thermally, with an excess of at least one amino alcohol, which may or may not be in the presence of a catalyst; and the uses of this composition particularly as an emulsifying agent that allow it, depending on the nature of the oil, to form an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion, as a solid-dispersing agent, or as an agent for the stabilization of foams in a liquid or an emulsion.

Abstract: Non-explosive water in oil emulsion fertilizer compositions comprise a discontinuous aqueous phase comprising at least one fertilizer component, a continuous organic phase, an emulsifying amount of an emulsifier composition comprising: the reaction product of an amine (C) characterized by the presence within its structure of at least one H—N group and an intermediate formed in the reaction of (A) at least one olefinic compound containing at least one group of the formula and (B) at least one carboxylic reactant selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formula R3C(O)(R4)nC(O)OR5   (III) wherein each of R3 and R5 is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, R4 is a divalent hydrocarbylene group, and n is 0 or 1, and reactive sources thereof and optionally, from about 0.5 to about 2 moles, per mole of (B), of (D) at least one aldehyde or ketone. The fertilizer compositions provide for controlled release of the fertilizer components.

Abstract: Alkyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranoside uronic acids, and their pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salts, and their use as surface-active and/or interfacially active active compounds, in particular as detergent surfactants or emulsifiers.

Abstract: An organic solvent-less O/W type emulsion having an excellent stability for storage and water-dilution is produced by a specific process in which (1) a mixture of (a) water with (b) an oily substance selected from oily effective materials and oily liquid materials, the oily substance and water being capable of forming an interface therebetween, (c) a high molecular weight surfactant and (d) a low molecular weight surfactant is stirred at a temperature of 40.degree. C. or less, to provide an O/W type emulsion; (2) the emulsion is heated to gel the emulsion; (3) the gel is heated to phase invert from O/W to W/O; (4) the W/O emulsion is cooled to a temperature below the gelling temperature; and (5) the resultant O/W emulsion is further stirred, and optionally in or after the cooling step (4), a particulate solid substance or an aqueous suspension thereof is mixed with the emulsion.