Abstract: The present invention relates to coolants for cooling systems in electric vehicles having fuel cells and/or batteries, preferably for motor vehicles, particularly preferably for passenger cars and commercial vehicles (known as light and heavy duty vehicles), based on alkylene glycols or derivatives thereof, which comprise additional corrosion inhibitors for improved corrosion protection in addition to specific azole derivatives.

Abstract: System, including methods, apparatus, compositions, and kits, for the mixing of small volumes of fluid by coalescence of multiple emulsions.

Abstract: System, including methods, apparatus, compositions, and kits, for the mixing of small volumes of fluid by coalescence of multiple emulsions.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to multiple emulsions, and to methods and apparatuses for making multiple emulsions. A multiple emulsion generally describes larger droplets that contain one or more smaller droplets therein. The larger droplets may be suspended in a third fluid in some cases. These can be useful for encapsulating species such as pharmaceutical agents, cells, chemicals, or the like. In some cases, one or more of the droplets can change form, for instance, to become solidified to form a microcapsule, a liposome, a polymerosome, or a colloidosome. Multiple emulsions can be formed in one step in certain embodiments, with generally precise repeatability, and can be tailored to include one, two, three, or more inner droplets within a single outer droplet (which droplets may all be nested in some cases).

Abstract: A process for preparing bi-modal water emulsions is disclosed comprising: I) forming a mixture comprising; A) 100 parts by weight of a hydrophobic oil, B) 1 to 1000 part by weight of a water continuous emulsion having at least one surfactant, II) admixing additional quantities of the water continuous emulsion and/or water to the mixture from step I) to form a bi-modal emulsion.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for assessing one or more predetermined characteristics or properties of a microfluidic droplet within a microfluidic channel, and regulating one or more fluid flow rates within that channel to selectively alter the predetermined microdroplet characteristic or property using a feedback control.

Abstract: Oil-in-water emulsions contain an oil dispersed phase, an aqueous continuous phase, and partly silylated pyrogenic silica having a content of silanol groups of 1.7 to 0.9 SiOH/nm2 wherein 50% to 95% of silanol groups of the starting silica are silylated, present at the interface between the dispersed phase and the continuous phase and an electrolyte content in the aqueous phase which establishes the viscosity of the emulsion.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for assessing one or more predetermined characteristics or properties of a microfluidic droplet within a microfluidic channel, and regulating one or more fluid flow rates within that channel to selectively alter the predetermined microdroplet characteristic or property using a feedback control.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a water-in-oil or oil-in-water nanoemulsion wherein the dispersed phase is distributed in the dispersing phase in the form of droplets having a diameter ranging from 1 to 500 nm, comprising: 1) the preparation of a homogeneous water/oil blend (I) characterized by an interface tension lower than 1 mN/m, comprising water in an amount of 30 to 70% by weight, at least two surface-active agents having a different HLB, selected from non-ionic, anionic, polymeric surface-active agents, said surface-active agents being present in such a quantity as to make the blend homogeneous; 2) the dilution of the blend (I) in a dispersing phase consisting of oil or water with the addition of a surface-active agent, selected from non-ionic, anionic, polymeric surface-active agents, the quantity of the dispersing phase and surface-active agent being such as to obtain a nanoemulsion having a HLB different from that of the blend (I).

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-compartment medical device useful in the storage, processing and extended shelf life of perishable products, especially pharmaceutical, food and biological products. Particular biological materials processed according to the present methods are human blood and blood products (RBCs). Also disclosed are processes for preserving food, pharmaceutical and biological products for long-term storage and extended shelf life employing a process that reduces the hydration level of the material to less than native hydration levels of the specific product. The invention further provides stabilized biological products, such as in the form of glassified beads, prepared using a two-phase system according to the described processes that may be rehydrated and prepared for clinical use, and having essentially no loss of biological and/or pharmacological activity.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of storage-stable, multiple emulsions of the water/oil/water (W/O/W) type which comprise one or more active ingredients. The process comprises the steps a) stirring the active ingredient into an aqueous phase, b) emulsifying the aqueous phase by passing the aqueous phase through a large-pored, porous membrane into an oil phase, c) phase inversion of the emulsion from b), by cooling the mixture at a cooling rate of at least 0.3 K/min, where an emulsifier is added either to the aqueous phase in a) or to the oil phase in b) or to both phases.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to emulsions such as multiple emulsions, and to methods and apparatuses for making emulsions, and techniques for using the same. A multiple emulsion generally describes larger droplets that contain one or more smaller droplets therein which, in some cases, can contain even smaller droplets therein, etc. Emulsions, including multiple emulsions can be formed in certain embodiments with generally precise repeatability, and can be tailored to include any number of inner droplets, in any desired nesting arrangement, within a single outer droplet. In addition, in some aspects of the invention, one or more droplets may be controllably released from a surrounding droplet.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for rapidly producing an emulsion and microcapsules in a simple manner is provided wherein a dispersion phase is ejected from a dispersion phase-feeding port toward a continuous phase flowing in a microchannel in such a manner that flows of the dispersion phase and the continuous phase cross each other, thereby obtaining microdroplets, formed by the shear force of the continuous phase, having a size smaller than the width of the channel for feeding the dispersion phase.

Abstract: A monohydric-alcohol-containing emulsion that is more stable than prior art emulsions. An emulsion with tolerance to alcohol comprising a monohydric alcohol or a solution in a monohydric alcohol as a solvent; and an emulsifier; (1) the content of the monohydric alcohol or the solution thereof being 10 wt % or more, based on the total weight of the emulsion; (2) the content of the emulsifier being 0.1 to 50 wt %, based on the total weight of the emulsion; and (3) the emulsion being in the form of an O/W emulsion, W/O/W emulsion, O/W/O emulsion, or S/O/W emulsion.

Abstract: The invention concerns granules obtainable by drying an inverse emulsion, dispersed in an external aqueous phase: a) the inverse emulsion comprising an internal aqueous phase, including a hydrophilic active material, dispersed in an internal organic phase, said inverse emulsion including at least a non-ionic surfactant and/or at least an amphiphilic block polymer, and/or at least a cationic surfactant; b) the external aqueous phase including: at least a polyalkylated non-ionic surfactant and/or at least a polalkylated amphiphilic non-ionic polymer; at least a water soluble or water dispersible polymer in solid form in the presence of a water content of not more than 10 wt. % relative to the weight of said polymer and whereof the glass transition temperature is higher than 25° C., preferably higher than 50° C. The granules, once dispersed, enable to obtain a multiple emulsion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a water-soluble modified gum arabic with a weight average molecular weight not less than 0.9 million and arabinogalactan protein not less than 17% by weight obtained by heating Acacia senegal gum arabic and modified water-soluble gum arabic with a weight average molecular weight not less than 2.5 million and with protein containing high molecular weight components of not less than 25% by weight. Moreover, the present invention provides modified gum arabic with standardized and predictable molecular properties and methods for providing the modified gum arabic endowed with high emulsification efficiency and stability and for uniforming natural variations in unmodified gum arabic. The present invention changes the natural protein distribution of gum arabic, and increases AGP content.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to multiple emulsions, and to methods and apparatuses for making multiple emulsions. A multiple emulsion generally describes larger droplets that contain one or more smaller droplets therein. The larger droplets may be suspended in a third fluid in some cases. These can be useful for encapsulating species such as pharmaceutical agents, cells, chemicals, or the like. In some cases, one or more of the droplets can change form, for instance, to become solidified to form a microcapsule, a liposome, a polymerosome, or a colloidosome. Multiple emulsions can be formed in one step in certain embodiments, with generally precise repeatability, and can be tailored to include one, two, three, or more inner droplets within a single outer droplet (which droplets may all be nested in some cases).

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to emulsions such as multiple emulsions, and to methods and apparatuses for making emulsions, and techniques for using the same. A multiple emulsion generally describes larger droplets that contain one or more smaller droplets therein which, in some cases, can contain even smaller droplets therein, etc. Emulsions, including multiple emulsions can be formed in certain embodiments with generally precise repeatability, and can be tailored to include any number of inner droplets, in any desired nesting arrangement, within a single outer droplet. In addition, in some aspects of the invention, one or more droplets may be controllably released from a surrounding droplet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water-in-oil-in-water multiple emulsion system and a method for preparation thereof, characterized by hydrodynamically stabilizing the multiple emulsion system by using hydrodynamic dual stabilization (HDS) technology. The HDS technology hydrophobizes water molecules in the internal aqueous phase by using a hydrogen bonding inhibitor and by improving the aggregating force between water molecules in the internal aqueous phase by using a water molecule aggregating agent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition suitable for atomizing without excessive aerosolization in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion comprising: a) a continuous aqueous phase, and b) a discontinuous oil phase wherein the rheology of the aqueous phase is modified by the addition of a water-in-oil emulsion comprising: i) a high molecular weight polymer in a discontinuous aqueous phase, and ii) a continuous organic solvent phase. Preferred embodiments of the present invention relate to compositions for softening an absorbent paper tissue comprising a) a quaternary ammonium softening active ingredient; b) an electrolyte; c) a high molecular weight polymer emulsion comprising: i) from about 20% to about 40% by weight of the premix of a high molecular weight polymer; ii) from about 40% to about 60% of water; and iii) from about 20% to about 40% of an organic solvent; and d) a vehicle in which said softening active ingredient is dispersed.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for rapidly producing an emulsion and microcapsules in a simple manner is provided wherein a dispersion phase is ejected from a dispersion phase-feeding port toward a continuous phase flowing in a microchannel in such a manner that flows of the dispersion phase and the continuous phase cross each other, thereby obtaining microdroplets, formed by the shear force of the continuous phase, having a size smaller than the width of the channel for feeding the dispersion phase.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing an emulsion by using a nonionic surfactant, an oil agent and water, wherein the following steps are conducted in a continuous flow system: an emulsification step of forming an emulsion by emulsifying the nonionic surfactant, the oil agent and the water at a phase inversion temperature at which three phases of the nonionic surfactant, the oil agent and the water coexist; and an emulsion stabilization step of passing the emulsion in a microchannel with an equivalent diameter equal to or less than 1 mm to rapidly cool or rapidly heat the emulsion from the phase inversion temperature to a temperature at which the emulsion is stabilized.

Abstract: A process which may be continuous is provided for manufacture of personal care product compositions. The process involves feeding a first water phase which is a concentrate containing most if not all water soluble ingredients of the composition into a blending tube. A second phase which can be oily or aqueous and a third water phase, the latter being essentially pure water, are also fed into the blending tube. All of the phases are transported through the tube at a flow rate of about 5 to about 5,000 lbs./minute and at a pressure of about 10 to about 5,000 psi. Preferably the tube leads into a homogenizer such as a sonolator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing finely divided oil-in-water emulsions which comprise oil, water and at least one emulsifier, which comprises a step A) producing a mixture 2, which has oil, water, at least one emulsifier and at least one cosmotropic substance, by mixing oil, water, at least one emulsifier and at least one cosmotropic substance, where the phase inversion temperature PIT2 of this mixture (Winsor IV system) is less than the phase inversion temperature PIT1 of a mixture 1 (Winsor IV system) which has no cosmotropic substances and otherwise the same composition as mixture 2, and subsequently a step B) addition of a diluent to mixture 2 to convert this mixture to an emulsion 3, where the amount of added diluent is chosen so that the resulting emulsion 3 at a pregiven temperature is not in the Winsor IV phase region.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a process for making an emulsion. The process comprises: flowing a first liquid through a process microchannel, the process microchannel having a wall with an apertured section; flowing a second liquid through the apertured section into the process microchannel in contact with the first liquid, the first liquid forming a continuous phase, the second liquid forming a discontinuous phase dispersed in the continuous phase.

Abstract: A fractionable polydisperse stable double oil-in-water emulsion, having 50 to 95 wt. % relative to the total weight of the double emulsion, droplets of an invert monodisperse emulsion Ei dispersed in a continuous aqueous phase. The continuous aqueous phase includes a polysaccharide thickening agent in a proportion of 1 to 10 wt. % relative to the total weight of the continuous aqueous phase, a water-soluble ethylene oxide and propylene oxide block copolymer as surfactant, and an osmotic pressure balancing agent. The emulsion Ei has a viscosity not higher than the viscosity of the continuous aqueous phase and has 50 to 95 wt. %, relative to the total weight of Ei, droplets of an internal aqueous phase dispersed in an oily phase. The internal aqueous phase includes an active hydrophilic substance and the oily phase includes poly glycerol polyricinoleate as surfactant.

Abstract: A method for producing composite particles using a supercritical fluid extraction technique on an emulsion. First and second materials (for example; a polymer and a biologically active material) are dissolved or suspended in a preferably solvent to form a solution or dispersion. The solution or dispersion is emulsified in a polar solvent to form an oil-in-water or water-in-oil-in-water emulsion. The emulsion is contacted with a supercritical fluid to extract the solvent. Removal of the solvent by the supercritical fluid from the emulsion supersaturates at least the first material in the solution causing the first material to precipitate out of the solution as composite particles that include both the first and second materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-thin emulsion comprising a non-phospholipid, non-ethoxylated pseudoemulsifier system, the system having a chemical composition with at least one hydrophobic moiety and at least one polar moiety, the size, shape and/or planar arrangement of the hydrophobic and polar moieties being asymmetrical with respect to each other. The emulsion of the invention is prepared by high-pressure homogenization of a crude oil and water emulsion containing the pseudoemulsifier. The emulsions require little or no traditional emulsifier to maintain stability, and are particularly useful in the preparation of multiple emulsions.

Abstract: A method for preparing a monodispersed double water/oil/water emulsion, comprises: a) subjecting a polydispered oil-in-water emulsion Ei comprising 55 to 99 wt. % of an aqueous phase, to a controlled shearing to obtain the corresponding monodispersed invert emulsion; b) adding to the emulsion, without phase inversion, the necessary amount of diluting oil phase so that the aqueous phase of the resulting emulsion represents at least 50 wt. % of the emulsion total weight; and c) introducing the resulting emulsion into a high pressure homogenizer, together with a continuous aqueous phase, the respective amounts of the emulsion and the continuous aqueous phase being such that the resulting double emulsion comprises up to 50 wt. % of invert emulsion droplets relative to the emulsion total weight, the continuous aqueous phase comprising a hydrophilic surfactant concentration not more that 0.02 times the critical micellar concentration.

Abstract: The invention relates to multiple emulsions comprising a primary emulsion in an external phase, and comprising a principle water phase and a principle oil phase, the multiple emulsion containing no more than about 1% of an emulsifier having an HLB of about 16 to about 20.

Abstract: According to the present invention, it is possible to produce emulsions containing a material that are insoluble or that have low solubility with respect to water and oil in a high concentration, so as to obtain emulsions which can be preserved for a long period of time. More specifically, ethanol, to which polyglycerol oleic acid ester (PG) is added, and vegetable oil, are stirred with a homogenizer or an emulsification method such as a membrane emulsification or a microchannel emulsification, thereby obtaining E/O type emulsions or E/O/W type emulsions wherein ethanol drops in which polyphenol is dissolved in a high concentration are dispersed into vegetable oil.

Abstract: A fatty acid amphoteric surfactant complex obtained by mixing a) at least one imidazolinium ampholytic surfactant of the formula: wherein R1 represents an alkyl or alkenyl group having 9 to 17 carbon atoms on average; and Z is 1 or 2; with b) a higher fatty acid selected from the group consisting of oleic acid, isostearic acid and a mixture of oleic acid and isostearic acid; wherein the ratio of said higher fatty acid to the total amount of said imidazolinium ampholytic surfactant(s) in said complex ranges from about 25:75 to 90:10. The complex containing an ampholytic and/or semipolar surfactant and higher fatty acid may optionally contain a clay mineral. Said complex may be employed in making emulsions.

Abstract: The stable multiple emulsion of the X/O/Y type contains at least one X/O phase in which X is an oil-immiscible component and O an oil phase. The X/O phase can contains an active substance, possibly in solid form, for example for medical, cosmetic or technical applications. The Y phase can be an aqueous phase, an aqueous liquid, preferably liquid-crystalline, gel or a W/O/W emulsion and serves as carrier for the at least one X/O phase. The X/O phase is produced using an emulsifier that has an HLB value equal to or less than 6 and/or is a W/O emulsifier. The preparation of the X/O phase itself and its diffusion in the Y phase are done with standard stirring tools. The drops of the X/O phase have long-term stability and, even when greatly diluted, do not interact with the Y phase or the drops or other X/O phases dispersed therein.

Abstract: A composition in the form a dispersion for cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical use containing: (a) 60 to 98% by weight of an aqueous phase and (b) 2 to 40% by weight of an oily phase dispersed in the aqueous phase, said oily phase being dispersed and stabilized by using cubic gel particles, said particles being essentially formed of: ( ) 0.1 to 15% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of at least one unsaturated fatty acid monoglyceride having a C.sub.16 -C.sub.22 unsaturated fatty chain in a mixture with phytanetriol, and 0.05 to 3% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of a dispersing and stabilizing agent, said agent being a surface active substance, water-soluble at room temperature, containing a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, fatty chain having 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Also claimed are methods of making said compositions.

Abstract: Frozen or chilled confectionery products, in particular ice-creams, with a unique taste performance comprising a fat-continuous or bicontinuous or duplex fat-emulsion comprising 5-50 wt % fat, 5-60 wt % water, 5-80 wt % thickener, sweetener and/or humectant, the emulsion being present as a coating layer, a barrier layer or as an inclusion.

Abstract: Water-in-oil-in-water multiple emulsion compositions are disclosed. The multiple emulsion compositions comprise an external aqueous phase optionally incorporating a surfactant system capable of forming liquid crystals as an emulsifier. The internal phase comprises a primary water-in-oil emulsion, wherein the primary emulsion comprises a first topically-active compound, a surfactant phase, an oil phase, and water.

Abstract: A multiple emulsion includes a continuous water phase; an oil droplet phase dispersed through the continuous water phase; an inner water droplet phase dispersed through the oil droplet phase; and a water insoluble compound suspended in the inner water droplet phase. The multiple emulsion is useful as a transportable and combustible fuel.